ASTM E405-04(2012)
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Wear Testing Rotary Operators for Windows
Standard Test Methods for Wear Testing Rotary Operators for Windows
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
These tests provide standard methods for evaluating the mechanical performance of the rotary-type window operators, while the operators are subjected to cyclic wear in opening and closing against the operating moment.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods describe the wear testing of gear-type rotary operating devices used for opening and closing windows (Note 1).
1.2 These test methods do not directly determine the effects of varying environmental conditions but may be employed after environmental exposure to evaluate the effect of such exposure.
1.3 These test methods are not intended to evaluate the structural adequacy of the operator in resisting the maximum force to which it may be subjected.
Note 1—Certain types of rotary window operators, such as torque-bar operators and telescopic operators cannot be tested by these test methods.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The metric equivalents of inch-pound units may be approximate.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific hazard statement, see 9.1.2.
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation: E405 − 04 (Reapproved 2012)
Standard Test Methods for
Wear Testing Rotary Operators for Windows
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E405; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope simulating the forces applied by a person tightly closing the
window and shall be expressed in pound-force-inches (or
1.1 These test methods describe the wear testing of gear-
newton metres).
type rotary operating devices used for opening and closing
windows (Note 1). 3.2.2 fully closed position of the operator, n—the position of
the operator with the window in a fully closed position.
1.2 These test methods do not directly determine the effects
3.2.3 fully opened position of the operator, n—the position
of varying environmental conditions but may be employed
ofthearmfrom2to5°shortoflockingthemechanismwiththe
after environmental exposure to evaluate the effect of such
window in an open position.
exposure.
3.2.4 gear-type rotary operator, n—a mechanical operating
1.3 These test methods are not intended to evaluate the
device for opening and closing windows. It consists basically
structural adequacy of the operator in resisting the maximum
of an operating handle turning an input shaft which drives a
force to which it may be subjected.
gear mechanism that causes an arm or arms to pivot, operating
NOTE 1—Certain types of rotary window operators, such as torque-bar
the window.
operators and telescopic operators cannot be tested by these test methods.
3.2.5 operating moment, n—the product of the applied force
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
and the length of the output lever arm from the point of load
as the standard. The metric equivalents of inch-pound units
application to the pivot axis. It shall be expressed in pound-
may be approximate.
force-inches (or newton metres). During a test cycle, the
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
operating moment varies from a maximum value with the arm
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
in a centered position (peak operating moment) to some lesser
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
value as the arm is moved away from the centered position.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.2.6 operator test specimen, n—an entire, assembled gear-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific
type rotary operator, including the operating handle.
hazard statement, see 9.1.2.
3.2.7 test cycle, n:
2. Referenced Documents
3.2.7.1 Test Method A—fully opening and fully closing the
operator.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E631 Terminology of Building Constructions 3.2.7.2 Test Method B—the number of rotations of the
handle to open and close the operator fully.
3. Terminology
3.2.8 test force, n, for Test Method A—the force applied to
3.1 Definitions—Definitions are in accordance with Termi- the operator arm at the point of attachment. The required test
nology E631 unless otherwise indicated. force in pounds-force (or newtons) is equal to the specified
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard: peak operating moment in pound-force-inches (or newton
metres) divided by the distance in inches (or metres) measured
3.2.1 closing torque, n—a constant torque applied to the
input shaft when the operator is in the fully closed position, perpendicular to the line of action of the force from the pivot
axis to the point of attachment.
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 on
4. Summary of Test Methods
Performance of Buildings and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.51
on Performance of Windows, Doors, Skylights and Curtain Walls.
4.1 These test methods consist of subjecting the rotary
Current edition approved April 1, 2012. Published April 2012. Originally
operator to an operating moment against which the operator
approved in 1970. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as E405 – 04. DOI:
10.1520/E0405-04R12.
shall work in a cyclic function of opening and closing. Test
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Method A evaluates the operator for its ability to resist wear
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
through a given number of cycles against the test moment with
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. a specified torque applied to the input shaft. Test Method B
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
E405 − 04 (2012)
evaluates only the rotating fingergrip portion of handle assem-
blies having rotating fingergrips.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 These tests provide standard methods for evaluating the
mechanical performance of the rotary-type window operators,
while the operators are subjected to cyclic wear in opening and
closing against the operating moment.
6. Apparatus
6.1 The apparatus described is general in nature and any
arrangement of equipment capable of performing the test
procedure within the allowable tolerances is permitted.
6.2 Test Method A:
6.2.1 The test apparatus for Test Method A shall consist of
a frame for mounting the rotary operator with the operator
arm(s) centered (approximately the center of travel); test
weights up to 5 lbs (2280 g) accurate to within 61.0 % or test
weights above 5 lbs (2280 g) accurate to within 60.5 %,
attached by flexible cable to the arm(s) to provide the required
test forces; an attachment bolt fastening the cable to the arm; a
torque-limiting clutch, whose output is within 615%ofthe
specified closing torque, attached to the handle drive mecha-
nism in line with the operator input shaft and driven by a
reversible motor; and limit switching devices to effect reversal
of rotation at the fully open and fully closed operator positions
(see Fig. 1).
6.2.2 The arm or the test attachment bolt through the arm
shall bear against the test frame, if necessary, to prevent the
arm from closing beyond the nominal fully closed position.
The cables shall be adjustable to provide an equal tension force
in both the cables when the test attachment point and pivot are
centered. FIG. 1 Typical Operator Test Apparatus
6.2.3 Fig. 2 shows how, if a vertical arrangement were used,
to test a single-arm operator, a system of two test weights, an
upper weight equal to the test force, and a lower weight of
causing one revolution of the fingergrip with respect to the
twice the test force would act to provide the required down-
handle for each revolution of the handle (see Fig. 4).
ward force when the arm is above the center position of its
travel and the same force upward when the arm is below the
7. Test Specimens
centerofitstravel.Foroperatorswithtwoarms,sumofthetest
7.1 Theoperatortestspecimensshallberepresentativeinall
weight on each arm should equal the total test weight with
respects of the operators to be qualified under these test
neither arm seeing less than 25 % of the total test weight. The
methods. Unless otherwise specified, the specimens shall
test weight is to be divided proportionally to simulate the
consist of six identical production samples of the complete
loading seen in actual use. Fig. 3 shows a typical handle drive
rotary operator, four of which shall be selected at random for
fork used to operate the rotary operator. If it is impractical to
testing.The remaining two samples shall be identified and filed
drive certain operating handles
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