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ASTM E405-04

(Test Method)

Standard Test Methods for Wear Testing Rotary Operators for Windows

Standard Test Methods for Wear Testing Rotary Operators for Windows

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
These tests provide standard methods for evaluating the mechanical performance of the rotary-type window operators, while the operators are subjected to cyclic wear in opening and closing against the operating moment.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods describe the wear testing of gear-type rotary operating devices used for opening and closing windows (Note 1).
1.2 These test methods do not directly determine the effects of varying environmental conditions but may be employed after environmental exposure to evaluate the effect of such exposure.
1.3 These test methods are not intended to evaluate the structural adequacy of the operator in resisting the maximum force to which it may be subjected.
Note 1—Certain types of rotary window operators, such as torque-bar operators and telescopic operators cannot be tested by these test methods.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The metric equivalents of inch-pound units may be approximate.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific hazard statement, see .

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Mar-2004
ICS
91.060.50 - Doors and windows
Technical Committee
E06 - Performance of Buildings
Drafting Committee
E06.51 - Performance of Windows, Doors, Skylights and Curtain Walls
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM E405-89(1996)e1 - Standard Test Methods for Wear Testing Rotary Operators for Windows
Effective Date
01-Apr-2004
Replaced By
ASTM E405-04(2012) - Standard Test Methods for Wear Testing Rotary Operators for Windows
Effective Date
01-Apr-2012

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ASTM E405-04 - Standard Test Methods for Wear Testing Rotary Operators for Windows
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:E405–04
Standard Test Methods for
1
Wear Testing Rotary Operators for Windows
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E405; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.2.1 closing torque, n—a constant torque applied to the
input shaft when the operator is in the fully closed position,
1.1 These test methods describe the wear testing of gear-
simulating the forces applied by a person tightly closing the
type rotary operating devices used for opening and closing
window and shall be expressed in pound-force-inches (or
windows (Note 1).
newton metres).
1.2 These test methods do not directly determine the effects
3.2.2 fully closed position of the operator, n—the position
of varying environmental conditions but may be employed
of the operator with the window in a fully closed position.
after environmental exposure to evaluate the effect of such
3.2.3 fully opened position of the operator, n—the position
exposure.
ofthearmfrom2to5°shortoflockingthemechanismwiththe
1.3 These test methods are not intended to evaluate the
window in an open position.
structural adequacy of the operator in resisting the maximum
3.2.4 gear-type rotary operator, n—a mechanical operating
force to which it may be subjected.
device for opening and closing windows. It consists basically
NOTE 1—Certain types of rotary window operators, such as torque-bar
of an operating handle turning an input shaft which drives a
operators and telescopic operators cannot be tested by these test methods.
gear mechanism that causes an arm or arms to pivot, operating
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
the window.
as the standard. The metric equivalents of inch-pound units
3.2.5 operating moment, n—theproductoftheappliedforce
may be approximate.
and the length of the output lever arm from the point of load
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
application to the pivot axis. It shall be expressed in pound-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
force-inches (or newton metres). During a test cycle, the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
operating moment varies from a maximum value with the arm
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
in a centered position (peak operating moment) to some lesser
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific
value as the arm is moved away from the centered position.
hazard statement, see 9.1.2.
3.2.6 operator test specimen, n—an entire, assembled gear-
type rotary operator, including the operating handle.
2. Referenced Documents
3.2.7 test cycle, n:
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.2.7.1 Test Method A—fully opening and fully closing the
E631 Terminology of Building Constructions
operator.
3.2.7.2 Test Method B—the number of rotations of the
3. Terminology
handle to open and close the operator fully.
3.1 Definitions—Definitions are in accordance with Termi-
3.2.8 test force, n, for Test Method A—the force applied to
nology E631 unless otherwise indicated.
the operator arm at the point of attachment. The required test
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
force in pounds-force (or newtons) is equal to the specified
peak operating moment in pound-force-inches (or newton
metres) divided by the distance in inches (or metres) measured
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 on
perpendicular to the line of action of the force from the pivot
Performance of Buildings and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.51
axis to the point of attachment.
on Performance of Windows, Doors, Skylights, and Curtain Walls.
Current edition approved April 1, 2004. Published April 2004. Originally
4. Summary of Test Methods
´1
approved in 1970. Last previous edition approved in 1996 as E405 – 89 (1996) .
DOI: 10.1520/E0405-04.
4.1 These test methods consist of subjecting the rotary
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
operator to an operating moment against which the operator
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
shall work in a cyclic function of opening and closing. Test
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. Method A evaluates the operator for its ability to resist wear
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E405–04
through a given number of cycles against the test moment wit
...

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Note 1: The AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I.S.2/A440 document provides air leakage acceptance criteria for these products based on their performance class. Acoustical products could require a lower air leakage rate than what is required in this standard in order to achieve the desired acoustical performance.  
4.2 Operating Force Relative to Sound Transmission—The use of specific sealing components to achieve a given sound rating could affect operating force of the vertical or horizontal sliding sash or panels of the assembly; therefore, operating force is reported to allow the approving authority information relative to sash or panel operating forces.
Note 2: The opening force in 28 CFR Part 36 ADA for interior hinged doors and sliding doors is limited to 5 lbf (22.2 N). The AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I.S.2/A440 document provides operating force acceptance criteria for products based on their performance class.  
4.3 Latching Force Relative to Sound Transmission—Latching force can affect the compression of seals and the amount of damping applied to the system that in turn affects the air leakage and the acoustical performance. The use of specific sealing components and latching/locking hardware can affect the force required to close and latch the door under test. The latching force is reported to allow the approving authority information relative to sash or panel latching conditions.
Note 3: The AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I.S.2/A440 document states that the maximum force to latch shall be measured and reported.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice establishes requirements for testing and rating acoustical performance of window, door, skylight, and glazed wall systems, regardless of their method or materials of manufacture.  
1.1.1 Operating force, latching force, and air leakage are integral elements of the acoustical performance of window, door, skylight, and glazed wall systems. This practice requires (when applicable) the concurrent testing of operating force, latching force, and air leakage, in addition to the sound transmission loss test.  
1.2 This practice establishes the test methodology, specimen criteria, and classification rating system for purposes of determining the acoustical performance levels of window, door, skylight, and glazed wall systems only, and not through openings between such assemblies and adjacent construction.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM E2068-00(2022)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determination of Operating Force of Sliding Windows and Doors

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method determines the operational forces of sliding windows and doors by simulating force applied by hand directly to movable sash or panels. Breakaway and in-motion operating forces are measures of the ease of operation of fenestration products. Product specifications, building codes, and building specifications establish operating force limits as measures of product performance or limits for handicapped accessibility, or both.  
5.2 Window and door performance standards for air infiltration and water penetration in some cases require operating force measurements to be made and reported as an indication of the operability of the test specimen.  
5.3 Operating forces can vary significantly from unit to unit due to factors such as installation parameters, wearing of sliding or rolling parts, lubrication, stiffening or softening of weather-strip, and environmental factors (for example, humidity, temperature, accumulation of dirt, and so forth). Therefore, when applied to new product designs, this test method requires that units be tested in a laboratory under controlled conditions including accurate mounting (plumb, square, and level) following the manufacturer's instructions. Use of this test method in the field does not necessarily indicate the operating forces that are inherent in the particular window design, but rather, provides a measurement of the forces required for operation of the particular unit at the particular time. The user is cautioned that installation defects such as bowed jambs, racked frames, or inadequate anchoring can result in binding or sticking of movable components and increased operating forces.  
5.4 This test method requires measurement of both breakaway and in-motion operating forces. Generally, breakaway force is higher than in-motion operating force due to the difference between static and dynamic friction coefficients or the presence of weather-stripping and sash pockets, or both. Traditional fenestration product stand...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines the operating forces for opening and closing horizontal and vertical sliding windows and horizontal sliding door systems. It does not address the forces required for opening pivoting, projecting, or other fenestration systems. This test method does not address the use or performance of add-on devices or mechanical operators that might be installed to reduce operating forces of sliding windows or doors. It deals only with the forces necessary to open and close a sash or panel through the direct application of force to the operable sash or panel.  
1.2 This test method is suitable for laboratory product comparisons or for qualifying products, or both, as meeting window or door operating force specifications. This test method is also suitable for use in the field to determine the operating forces required to open and close installed sliding windows and doors.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see Section 7.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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