ASTM F2895-10
(Practice)Standard Practice for Digital Radiography of Cast Metallic Implants
Standard Practice for Digital Radiography of Cast Metallic Implants
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The requirements expressed in this practice are intended to control the quality of the digital radiographic image of cast metallic surgical implants.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the procedure for digital radiographic testing of cast metallic surgical implants and related weldments.
1.2 Digital X-ray is an alternative method for radiography of cast metallic surgical implants and related weldments (see Practice F629).
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Standards Content (Sample)
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Designation: F2895 − 10
StandardPractice for
Digital Radiography of Cast Metallic Implants
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2895; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope E2660 Digital Reference Images for Investment Steel Cast-
ings for Aerospace Applications
1.1 This practice covers the procedure for digital radio-
E2669 Digital Reference Images for Titanium Castings
graphic testing of cast metallic surgical implants and related
F629 Practice for Radiography of Cast Metallic Surgical
weldments.
Implants
1.2 Digital X-ray is an alternative method for radiography
2.2 ASNT Standard:
of cast metallic surgical implants and related weldments (see
ASNT–TC–1A Personnel Qualification and Certification in
Practice F629).
Nondestructive Testing
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
3. Terminology
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
3.1 Definitions—For additional terminology, consult Termi-
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
nology E1316.
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
with the standard.
3.2.1 contrast, n—difference in gray scale level between an
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
area and its immediate surroundings as presented on the final
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
digital radiographic image.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.2.2 digital image, n—image composed of discrete pixels
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
of digital brightness values.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.2.3 digital image contrast, n—range of gray scale values
in an image in which a high contrast indicates that the image
2. Referenced Documents
contains largely black-and-white brightness values with a wide
2.1 ASTM Standards:
range of gray shades.
E94 Guide for Radiographic Examination
3.2.4 electronic imaging, v—means of converting the image
E192 Reference Radiographs of Investment Steel Castings
storedontheimagingplateintoastandardvideooutputformat.
for Aerospace Applications
E746 Practice for Determining Relative Image Quality Re- 3.2.5 electronic imaging system, n—system that takes data
sponse of Industrial Radiographic Imaging Systems
from a storage imaging plate and converts it into a standard
E1030 Test Method for Radiographic Examination of Me- analog or digital electronic signal.
tallic Castings
3.2.6 filters, n—sheets of copper or other material placed in
E1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
the radiation beam either at the X-ray tube or between the
E1742 Practice for Radiographic Examination
specimen and the detector to improve the quality by selectively
E2007 Guide for Computed Radiography
removing low-energy radiation from the radiation beam and
E2033 Practice for Computed Radiology (Photostimulable
absorbing scattered radiation.
Luminescence Method)
3.2.7 gray scale, n—numeric values representing display
brightness.
3.2.8 gray scale range, n—range of numeric values repre-
ThispracticeisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeF04onMedicaland
senting the brightest and darkest portion of the image display.
Surgical Materials and Devices and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
F04.12 on Metallurgical Materials.
3.2.9 image display parameters, n—all variables necessary
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2010. Published December 2010. DOI:
to standardize the video image.
10.1520/F2895-10.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from theAmerican Society for Nondestructive Testing, Inc., PO Box
the ASTM website. 28518, Columbus, OH 43228-0518, http://www.asnt.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F2895 − 10
3.2.9.1 Discussion—These include, but are not limited to, 3.2.21 pixel intensity value, PV, n—see Practice E746 for
brightness, contrast, and linearity. description and discussion.
3.2.22 quality level 2, n—quality level designation in which
3.2.10 image processing, v—electronic manipulation of the
the 2T hole is visible in a 2 % penetrameter; previously known
raw image signal to enhance fine-detail detectability in the test
as 2–2T sensitivity.
object and achieve required sensitivity.
3.2.10.1 Discussion—These include, but are not limited to, 3.2.23 radiation source, n—machine that emits penetrating
techniques such as noise reduction, contrast enhancement, and radiation.
spatial filtering.
3.2.24 radiographic image, n—visible image produced by
the penetration of radiation through the material being tested.
3.2.11 image quality level, n—ability of the inspection
system to demonstrate a specific relative image quality indica-
3.2.25 radiographic inspection, n—use of X-rays to detect
tor (RIQI) sensitivity.
discontinuities in material by presenting their images on a
recording medium suitable for interpretation by qualified
3.2.12 imaging plate, IP, n—radiation sensitive detector that
personnel.
iscapableofdetectingandstoringinputsignalinformationthat
can subsequently be converted into a corresponding optical 3.2.26 radiographic quality level, n—ability of a radio-
signal. graphic procedure to demonstrate a certain penetrameter sen-
sitivity.
3.2.13 IP reader, n—device capable of retrieving stored
3.2.27 recording media, n—recording media and storage
information from the imaging plate and converting this infor-
format for mandatory radiographic image storage.
mation into digital data for subsequent viewing on a video
monitor.
3.2.28 recording medium, n—detector that converts radia-
tionintoavisibleimageorasignalthatcanbetransformedinto
3.2.14 masking, n—lead or other high-density material
a visible image at a later date.
placed on or around a test object during exposure for the
3.2.28.1 Discussion—Also known as an imaging plate.
purpose of minimizing the effect of secondary or scattered
radiation. 3.2.29 relative image quality indicator, RIQI, n—image
quality measuring device that is capable of determining mean-
3.2.15 material thickness, n—shall be the nominal thickness
ingful differences between two or more radiographic imaging
or actual thickness if measured at the area being radiographed.
systems or changes of individual components of radiographic
3.2.16 National Institute of Standards and Technology,
imaging systems.
NIST, n—federal technology agency that develops and pro-
3.2.30 sensitivity, n—general or qualitative term referring to
motes measurements, standards, and technology.
the size of the smallest detail that can be seen on the imaging
3.2.17 nondestructive inspection (NDI) procedure,
display or recording medium or both or the ease with which
n—written set of instructions that identify equipment
details can be seen.
standardization, parameters, and setup for conducting a non-
3.2.31 technique, n—category within a method, for
destructive test or inspection.
example, digital radiographic testing or fluorescent penetrant
3.2.17.1 Discussion—The procedure may be broken into the
inspection.
following two parts: a general procedure that has the basic
3.2.32 technique card, n—detailed, written instructions
instructions on performing an inspection and a technique sheet
(may be in the form of a sheet, card, or other documentation)
that has the detailed instructions for specific parts.
that supplement the instructions of a general procedure.
3.2.18 penetrameter, n—strip of material of the same or
3.2.33 test object, n—material, component, or assembly that
similar composition as that of the material being examined
is the subject of the radiographic examination.
representing a percentage of section thickness and provided
3.2.34 X-ray control number, n—inspection serial numbers
with a combination of steps, holes, or quality levels.
or code letters used to provide traceability.
3.2.18.1 Discussion—When placed in the path of radiation,
the resultant radiographic image demonstrates the quality of
4. Significance and Use
the radiographic technique. It is also known as an image
4.1 The requirements expressed in this practice are intend
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