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ASTM D909-07(2012)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Supercharge Rating of Spark-Ignition Aviation Gasoline

Standard Test Method for Supercharge Rating of Spark-Ignition Aviation Gasoline

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Supercharge method ratings can provide an indication of the rich-mixture antiknock performance of aviation gasoline in aviation piston engines.  
5.2 Supercharge method ratings are used by petroleum refiners and marketers and in commerce as a primary specification measurement to insure proper matching of fuel antiknock quality and engine requirement.  
5.3 Supercharge method ratings may be used by aviation engine and aircraft manufacturers as a specification measurement related to matching of fuels and engines.
SCOPE
1.1 This laboratory test method covers the quantitative determination of supercharge ratings of spark-ignition aviation gasoline. The sample fuel is tested using a standardized single cylinder, four-stroke cycle, indirect injected, liquid cooled, CFR engine run in accordance with a defined set of operating conditions.  
1.2 The supercharge rating is calculated by linear interpolation of the knock limited power of the sample compared to the knock limited power of bracketing reference fuel blends.  
1.3 The rating scale covers the range from 85 octane number to Isooctane + 6.0 mL TEL/U.S. gal.  
1.4 The values of operating conditions are stated in SI units and are considered standard. The values in parentheses are the historical inch-pound units. The standardized CFR engine measurements and reference fuel concentrations continue to be in historical units.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Annex A1.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Aug-2012
ICS
75.160.20 - Liquid fuels
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.01 - Combustion Characteristics
Current Stage
Ref Project

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Replaced By
ASTM D909-07(2012)e1 - Standard Test Method for Supercharge Rating of Spark-Ignition Aviation Gasoline
Effective Date
01-Sep-2012

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ASTM D909-07(2012) - Standard Test Method for Supercharge Rating of Spark-Ignition Aviation GasolineASTM D909-07(2012) - Standard Test Method for Supercharge Rating of Spark-Ignition Aviation Gasoline
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ASTM D909-07(2012) - Standard Test Method for Supercharge Rating of Spark-Ignition Aviation Gasoline
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D909 − 07(Reapproved 2012) Method 6012.6—Federal Test
Method Standard No. 791b
Designation: 119/96
Standard Test Method for
1
Supercharge Rating of Spark-Ignition Aviation Gasoline
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D909; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope D3237 TestMethodforLeadinGasolinebyAtomicAbsorp-
tion Spectroscopy
1.1 This laboratory test method covers the quantitative
D3341 Test Method for Lead in Gasoline—Iodine Mono-
determination of supercharge ratings of spark-ignition aviation
chloride Method
gasoline. The sample fuel is tested using a standardized single
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
cylinder, four-stroke cycle, indirect injected, liquid cooled,
Petroleum Products
CFR engine run in accordance with a defined set of operating
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum, Petroleum
conditions.
Products, and Lubricants
1.2 The supercharge rating is calculated by linear interpo-
D5059 Test Methods for Lead in Gasoline by X-Ray Spec-
lation of the knock limited power of the sample compared to
troscopy
the knock limited power of bracketing reference fuel blends.
E344 Terminology Relating to Thermometry and Hydrom-
etry
1.3 The rating scale covers the range from 85 octane
number to Isooctane + 6.0 mL TEL/U.S. gal. E456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
3
2.2 CFR Engine Manuals:
1.4 The values of operating conditions are stated in SI units
CFR F-4 Form 846 Supercharge Method Aviation Gasoline
and are considered standard. The values in parentheses are the
Rating Unit Installation Manual
historical inch-pound units. The standardized CFR engine
CFR F-4 Form 893 Supercharge Method Aviation Gasoline
measurements and reference fuel concentrations continue to be
Rating Unit Operation & Maintenance
in historical units.
4
2.3 Energy Institute Standard:
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
IP 224/02 Determination of Low Lead Content of Light
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Petroleum Distillates by Dithizone Extraction and Colo-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
rimetric Method
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
2.4 ASTM Adjuncts:
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precau-
5
Rating Data Sheet
tionary statements are given in Annex A1.
6
Reference Fuel Framework Graphs
2. Referenced Documents
3. Terminology
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.1 Definitions:
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
3.1.1 accepted reference value, n—a value that serves as an
D2268 Test Method for Analysis of High-Purity n-Heptane
agreed-upon reference for comparison, and which is derived
and Isooctane by Capillary Gas Chromatography
as: (1) a theoretical or established value, based on scientific
principles, or (2) an assigned or certified value, based on
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
3
D02.01 on Combustion Characteristics. Available from Waukesha Engine, Dresser Inc., 1101 West St. Paul Ave.,
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2012. Published October 2012. Originally Waukesha, WI 53188.
4
approved in 1958. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D909–07. DOI: Available from Energy Institute, 61 New Cavendish St., London, WIG 7AR,
10.1520/D0909-07R12. U.K.
2 5
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Available from ASTM International Headquarters. Order Adjunct No.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM ADJD090901. Original adjunct produced in 1953.
6
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from ASTM International Headquarters. Order Adjunct No.
the ASTM website. ADJD090902. Original adjunct produced in 1953.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D909 − 07 (2012)
experimental work of some national or international characteristic of a primary reference fuel blend or a sample
organization, or (3) a consensus or certified value, based on fuel, expressed as indicated mean effective pressures, over the
collaborative experimental work under the auspices of a range of fuel-air ratios from approximately 0.08 to approxi-
scientific or engineering group. E456 mately 0.12.
3.1.1.1 Discussion—In the cont
...

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ASTM D3701-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Hydrogen Content of Aviation Turbine Fuels by Low Resolution Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectrometry

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The combustion quality of aviation turbine fuel has traditionally been controlled in specifications by such tests as smoke point (see Test Method D1322), smoke volatility index, aromatic content of luminometer number (see Test Method D1740). Evidence is accumulating that a better control of the quality may be obtained by limiting the minimum hydrogen content of the fuel.  
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of the hydrogen content of aviation turbine fuels.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This guide is intended for the developers or sponsors of new aviation gasolines or additives to describe the data requirements necessary to support the development of specifications for these new products by ASTM members. The ultimate goal of the data generated in accordance with this guide is to provide an understanding of the performance of the new fuel or additive within the property constraints and compositional bounds of the proposed specification criteria.  
5.2 This guide is not an approval process. It is intended to describe test and analysis requirements necessary to generate data to support specification development. This guide does not address the approval process for ASTM International standards.  
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1.1 This guide provides procedures to develop data for use in research reports for new aviation gasolines or new aviation gasoline additives.  
1.2 This data is intended to be used by the ASTM subcommittee to make a determination of the suitability of the fuel for use as an aviation fuel in either a fleet-wide or limited capacity, and to make a determination that the proposed properties and criteria in the associated standard specification provide the necessary controls to ensure this fuel maintains this suitability during high-volume production.  
1.3 These research reports are intended to support the development and issuance of new specifications or specification revisions for these products. Guidance to develop ASTM International standard specifications for aviation gasoline is provided in Subcommittee J on Aviation Fuels Operating Procedures, Annex A6, “Guidelines for the Development and Acceptance of a New Aviation Fuel Specification for Spark-Ignition Reciprocating Engines.”  
1.4 The procedures, tests, selection of materials, engines, and aircraft detailed in this guide are based on industry expertise to give appropriate data for review. Because of the diversity of aviation hardware and potential variation in fuel/additive formulations, not every aspect may be encompassed and further work may be required. Therefore, additional data beyond that described in this guide may be requested by the ASTM task force, Subcommittee J, or Committee D02 upon review of the specific composition, performance, or other characteristics of the candidate fuel or additive.  
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5.1 Some acids can be present in aviation turbine fuels due either to the acid treatment during the refining process or to naturally occurring organic acids. Significant acid contamination is not likely to be present because of the many check tests made during the various stages of refining. However, trace amounts of acid can be present and are undesirable because of the consequent tendencies of the fuel to corrode metals that it contacts or to impair the water separation characteristics of the aviation turbine fuel.  
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of the acidity in aviation turbine fuel in the range from 0.000 mg/g to 0.100 mg/g KOH.  
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5.1 This test method provides a rapid and precise elemental measurement with simple sample preparation. Typical analysis times are approximately 4 min to 5 min per sample with a preparation time of approximately 1 min to 3 min per sample.  
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1.3 This test method is limited to the use of X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometers employing an X-ray tube for excitation in conjunction with wavelength dispersive detection system or energy dispersive high resolution semiconductor detector with the ability to separate signals of adjacent and near-adjacent elements.  
1.4 This test method uses inter-element correction factors calculated from XRF theory, the fundamental parameters (FP) approach, or best fit regression.  
1.5 Samples containing higher concentrations than shown in Table 1 must be diluted to bring the elemental concentration of the diluted material within the scope of this test method.  
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6.1 The preferred concentrations units are mg/kg for vanadium and nickel.  
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5.1 The hydrogen content represents a fundamental quality of a petroleum product that has been correlated with many of the performance characteristics of that product.  
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5.1 The tendency of a fuel to vaporize in automotive engine fuel systems is indicated by the vapor-liquid ratio of the fuel.  
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5.1 Wear due to excessive friction resulting in shortened life of engine components such as fuel pumps and fuel controls has sometimes been ascribed to lack of lubricity in an aviation fuel.  
5.2 The relationship of test results to aviation fuel system component distress due to wear has been demonstrated for some fuel/hardware combinations where boundary lubrication is a factor in the operation of the component.  
5.3 The wear scar generated in the ball-on-cylinder lubricity evaluator (BOCLE) test is sensitive to contamination of the fluids and test materials, the presence of oxygen and water in the atmosphere, and the temperature of the test. Lubricity measurements are also sensitive to trace materials acquired during sampling and storage. Containers specified in Practice D4306 shall be used.  
5.4 The BOCLE test method may not directly reflect operating conditions of engine hardware. For example, some fuels that contain a high content of certain sulfur compounds can give anomalous test results.
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1.1 This test method covers assessment of the wear aspects of the boundary lubrication properties of aviation turbine fuels on rubbing steel surfaces.  
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1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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Standard Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) in the Boiling Range from 100 °C to 615 °C by Gas Chromatography

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5.1 The boiling range distribution of FAMES provides an insight into the composition of product related to the transesterification process. This gas chromatographic determination of boiling range can be used to replace conventional distillation methods for product specification testing with the mutual agreement of interested parties.  
5.2 Biodiesel (FAMES) exhibits a boiling point rather than a distillation curve. The fatty acid chains in the raw oils and fats from which biodiesel is produced are mainly comprised of straight chain hydrocarbons with 16 to 18 carbons that have similar boiling temperatures. The atmospheric boiling point of biodiesel generally ranges from 330 °C to 357 °C. The Specification D6751 value of 360 °C max at 90 % off by Test Method D1160 was incorporated as a precaution to ensure the fuel has not been adulterated with high boiling contaminants.
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1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This test method was developed to assess the performance of a heavy-duty engine oil in controlling engine wear under operating conditions selected to accelerate soot production and valve-train wear in a turbocharged and aftercooled four-cycle diesel engine with sliding tappet followers equipped with exhaust gas recirculation hardware.  
5.2 The design of the engine used in this test method is representative of many, but not all, modern diesel engines. This factor, along with the accelerated operating conditions, shall be considered when extrapolating test results.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method, commonly referred to as the Cummins ISB Test, covers the utilization of a modern, 5.9 L, diesel engine equipped with exhaust gas recirculation and is used to evaluate oil performance with regard to valve-train wear.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.2.1 Exceptions—SI units are provided for all parameters except where there is no direct equivalent such as the units for screw threads, National Pipe Threads/diameters, tubing size, or where there is a sole source of supply equipment specification.  
1.2.2 See also A7.1 for clarification; it does not supersede 1.2 and 1.2.1.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Annex A1 for general safety precautions.  
1.4 Table of Contents:    
Section  
Scope  
1  
Referenced Documents  
2  
Terminology  
3  
Summary of Test Method  
4  
Significance and Use  
5  
Apparatus  
6  
Engine Fluids and Cleaning Solvents  
7  
Preparation of Apparatus  
8  
Engine/Stand Calibration and Non-Reference Oil Tests  
9  
Test Procedure  
10  
Calculations, Ratings, and Test Validity  
11  
Report  
12  
Precision and Bias  
13  
Annexes  
Safety Precautions  
Annex A1  
Intake Air Aftercooler  
Annex A2  
The Cummins ISB Engine Build Parts Kit  
Annex A3  
Sensor Locations and Special Hardware  
Annex A4  
External Oil System  
Annex A5  
Cummins Service Publications  
Annex A6  
Specified Units and Formats  
Annex A7  
Oil Analyses  
Annex A8  
Alternate Fuel Approval Process  
Annex A9  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    29 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    29 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off