ASTM D6927-06
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Marshall Stability and Flow of Bituminous Mixtures
Standard Test Method for Marshall Stability and Flow of Bituminous Mixtures
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers measurement of resistance to plastic flow of 102 mm (4 in.) cylindrical specimens of bituminous paving mixture loaded in a direction perpendicular to the cylindrical axis by means of the Marshall apparatus. This test method is for use with dense graded bituminous mixtures prepared with asphalt cement (modified and unmodified), cutback asphalt, tar, and tar-rubber with maximum size aggregate up to 25 mm (1 in.) in size (passing 25 mm (1 in.) sieve).
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D6927 − 06
StandardTest Method for
1
Marshall Stability and Flow of Bituminous Mixtures
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6927; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Significance and Use
1.1 This test method covers measurement of resistance to
3.1 Marshall stability and flow values along with density;
plastic flow of 102 mm (4 in.) cylindrical specimens of
air voids in the total mix, voids in the mineral aggregate, or
bituminous paving mixture loaded in a direction perpendicular
voids filled with asphalt, or both, filled with asphalt are used
tothecylindricalaxisbymeansoftheMarshallapparatus.This
for laboratory mix design and evaluation of bituminous mix-
test method is for use with dense graded bituminous mixtures
tures. In addition, Marshall stability and flow can be used to
prepared with asphalt cement (modified and unmodified),
monitor the plant process of producing bituminous mixture.
cutback asphalt, tar, and tar-rubber with maximum size aggre-
Marshall stability and flow may also be used to relatively
gate up to 25 mm (1 in.) in size (passing 25 mm (1 in.) sieve).
evaluate different mixes and the effects of conditioning such as
with water.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
3.1.1 Marshall stability and flow are bituminous mixture
only.
characteristics determined from tests of compacted specimens
of a specified geometry. The Marshall Test can be conducted
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
with two different types of equipment: (1) MethodA—using a
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
loadingframewithaloadringandadialgaugefordeformation
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
or flow meter (Traditional Method) or (2) Method B—using a
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
load-deformation recorder in conjunction with a load cell and
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
linear variable differential transducer (LVDT) or other auto-
matic recording device (Automated Method).
2. Referenced Documents
2
3.1.2 Typically,Marshallstabilityisthepeakresistanceload
2.1 ASTM Standards:
obtained during a constant rate of deformation loading se-
C670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements
quence. However, depending on the composition and behavior
for Test Methods for Construction Materials
of the mixture, a less defined type of failure has been observed,
D1188 TestMethodforBulkSpecificGravityandDensityof
as illustrated in Fig. 1. As an alternative method, Marshall
Compacted Bituminous Mixtures Using Coated Samples
stability can also be defined as the load obtained, when the rate
D2726 Test Method for Bulk Specific Gravity and Density
of loading increase begins to decrease, such that the curve
of Non-Absorptive Compacted Bituminous Mixtures
starts to become horizontal, as shown in the bottom graph of
D3549 Test Method for Thickness or Height of Compacted
Fig. 1. The magnitude of Marshall Stability varies with
Bituminous Paving Mixture Specimens
aggregate type and grading and bitumen type, grade and
D6752 Test Method for Bulk Specific Gravity and Density
amount. Various agencies have criteria for Marshall stability.
of Compacted Bituminous Mixtures Using Automatic
Vacuum Sealing Method
3.1.3 Marshall flow is a measure of deformation (elastic
D6926 Practice for Preparation of Bituminous Specimens
plus plastic) of the bituminous mix determined during the
Using Marshall Apparatus
stability test. In both types of failure, the Marshall flow is the
total sample deformation from the point where the projected
tangent of the linear part of the curve intersects the x-axis
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road
(deformation) to the point where the curve starts to become
and Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.20 on
horizontal. As shown in Fig. 1, this latter point usually
Mechanical Tests of Bituminous Mixtures.
corresponds to the peak stability; however, as an alternative
Current edition approved July 1, 2006. Published November 2006. Originally
´1
when the failure condition is not clearly defined, it can be
approved in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D6927 – 05 . DOI:
10.1520/D6927-06.
selected as the point on the curve which is six (0.01 in.) flow
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
points (or 1.5 mm) to the right of the tangent line. There is no
contact ASTM Custo
...
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