ASTM D6454/D6454M-99(2016)e1

Standard Test Method for Determining the Short-Term Compression Behavior of Turf Reinforcement Mats (TRMs)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The compression behavior test for TRMs is intended to be an index test. It is anticipated that the results of the compression behavior test will be used to evaluate product. The results of the analyses also may be used to compare the relative compressive yield points of materials that exhibit a detectable compressive yield point. It is anticipated that this test will be used for quality control testing to evaluate uniformity and consistency within a lot or between lots where sample geometry factors, for example, thickness, or materials may have changed.
Note 1: This is a one-dimensional test for compressive loading of a TRM in one plane.  
5.1.1 The compressive yield point of TRMs may be evaluated from the stress/strain relationship. Many materials exhibit compressive deformation but may not show a distinct compressive yield point.  
5.2 This test method can be used to evaluate the short-term stress/strain behavior of TRMs under compressive stress while loaded at a constant rate of deformation.  
5.3 This test method may be used for acceptance testing of commercial shipments of TRMs but caution is advised because interlaboratory testing is incomplete.  
5.3.1 In the case of a dispute arising from differences in reported test results when using this test method for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is statistically bias between their laboratories. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigations of bias. As a minimum, two parties should take a group of test specimens from material shipped to project. The test specimens then should be assigned randomly in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average results from the two laboratories should be compared using the Student's t-test for unpaired data and an acceptable probability level chosen by the two parties before the testing is begun. If bias is found, either its cause must be fo...
SCOPE
1.1 The test method establishes the procedures for evaluation of the deformations of a turf reinforcement mat (TRM) under short-term compressive loading. This test method is strictly an index test method to be used to verify the compressive strength consistency of a given manufactured geosynthetic. Results from this test method should not be considered as an indication of actual or long-term performance of the TRM in field applications.  
1.2 Since these TRMs experience multidirectional compressive loadings in the field, this test method will not show actual field performance and should not be used for this specific objective. The evaluation of the results also should recognize that the determination of the short term single plane compressive behavior of geosynthetics does not reflect the installed performance of TRMs and, therefore, should not be used as the only method of product or performance specification.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Dec-2015
• ICS: 65.020.20 - Plant growing
• Technical Committee: D35 - Geosynthetics
• Drafting Committee: D35.05 - Geosynthetic Erosion Control

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
´1
Designation: D6454/D6454M − 99 (Reapproved 2016)
Standard Test Method for
Determining the Short-Term Compression Behavior of Turf
Reinforcement Mats (TRMs)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6454/D6454M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
ε NOTE—Designation was changed to dual and units statement in 1.3 and units throughout were corrected editorially in
January 2016.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
1.1 The test method establishes the procedures for evalua- 2.1 ASTM Standards:
tion of the deformations of a turf reinforcement mat (TRM) D4354 Practice for Sampling of Geosynthetics and Rolled
under short-term compressive loading. This test method is Erosion Control Products(RECPs) for Testing
strictly an index test method to be used to verify the compres- D4439 Terminology for Geosynthetics
sive strength consistency of a given manufactured geosyn- D5199 Test Method for Measuring the Nominal Thickness
thetic. Results from this test method should not be considered of Geosynthetics
as an indication of actual or long-term performance of the
3. Terminology
TRM in field applications.
3.1 Definitions:
1.2 Since theseTRMs experience multidirectional compres-
3.1.1 compressive deformation, [L], n—thedecreaseingage
sive loadings in the field, this test method will not show actual
length produced in the test specimen by a compressive load.
field performance and should not be used for this specific
3.1.2 compressive strain, [nd], n—the ratio of compressive
objective. The evaluation of the results also should recognize
that the determination of the short term single plane compres- deformation to the gage length of the test specimen.
sive behavior of geosynthetics does not reflect the installed
3.1.3 gage length, [L], n—in compression testing, the mea-
performance ofTRMs and, therefore, should not be used as the
sured thickness of the test specimen under specified compres-
only method of product or performance specification.
sional force, expressed in units of length prior to compressive
loading. D5199
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
3.1.4 geosynthetic, n—a planar product manufactured from
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
polymeric material used with foundation, soil, rock, earth, or
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
any other geotechnical engineering related material as an
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
integral part of a man-made project, structure, or system.
with the standard.
D4439
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1.5 index test, n—a test procedure which may contain a
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
known bias but which may be used to establish an order for a
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
set of specimens with respect to the property of interest. D4439
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.1.6 yield point, n—the first point on the load-deformation
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
curve at which an increase in deformation occurs without a
corresponding increase in load.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on
Geosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.05 on Geosyn-
thetic Erosion Control. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2016. Published January 2016. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
approvedin1999.Lastpreviouseditionapprovedin2011asD6454–99(2011).DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/D6454_D6454M-99R16E01. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
´1
D6454/D6454M − 99 (2016)
3.1.6.1 Discussion—Some geosynthetics do not exhibit an 6. Apparatus
exact yield point. The tested TRM may exhibit a less steep
6.1 Loading Mechanism—The loading mechanism shall be
slope at yield. In addition, it should be stated that the yield
capable of applying compressive loads at a constant rate of
point also may be the ultimate strength of the TRM.
deformation of 10 % on the nominal thickness of the test
specimen/min or 1 mm/min, whichever is greater.
3.1.7 For definitions of terms relating to geotextiles, refer to
Terminology D4439.
NOTE 2—Some loading mechanisms, especially the older models, do
not have the capability of adjusting the rate of deformation to the specific
rate required. For these instruments, the user and producer should
4. Summary of Test Method
establish mutually agreed upon testing rates; however, the rate of
4.1 Specimensaremountedbetweenparallelplatesinaload deformation selected should not be greater than 10 % on the nominal
thickness of the test specimen/min or 1 mm/min, whichever is greater.
frame. Compressive loads are applied at a constant rate of
crosshead movement. The deformations are recorded as a
6.2 Fixed Plate—The bottom fixed plate shall be larger than
function of load. The compressive stress and strain are evalu- the specimen to be tested. It shall be flat, smooth, and
atedandplotted.Thecompressiveyieldpointisevaluatedfrom supported completely and uniformly.
the stress/strain relationship for those materials that exhibit a
NOTE 3—It is recommended that the minimum fixed plate width be
detectable compressive yield point.
equal to the sample width plus twice the thickness of the test sample. This
should support the sample through the range of deformation and prevent
draping or flexing displacement.
5. Significance and Use
6.3 Movable Plate—The movable plate shall be of sufficient
5.1 The compression behavior test for TRMs is intended to
thickness and strength to preclude any bending during loading.
be an index test. It is anticipated that the results of the
It shall be parallel to the bottom fixed plate and attached to the
compression behavior test will be used to evaluate product.
compression mechanism. A spherical loading block of the
The results of the analyses also may be used to compare the
suspended,self-aligningtypeisrecommended.Thedimensions
relative compressive yield points of materials that exhibit a
and shape of the top movable, plate shall depend on the
detectable compressive yield point. It is anticipated that this
specimen dimensions and geometry. In general, both length
test will be used for quality control testing to evaluate
andwidthofthetopmovableplateshouldeachbeatleast20 %
uniformity and consistency within a lot or between lots where
greater than the length and width of the specimens.
sample geometry factors, for example, thickness, or materials
6.4 Load Indicator—Use a load-indicating mechanism that
may have changed.
has an accuracy of 61 % of the maximum indicated value of
NOTE 1—This is a one-dimensional test for compressive loading of a
the test (force).
TRM in one plane.
6.5 Deformation Indicator—Use a deformation-indicating
5.1.1 The compressive yield point of TRMs may be evalu-
mechanism that has an accuracy of 61.0 % of the maximum
ated from the stress/strain relationship. Many materials exhibit
indicated value of the test (deformation).
compressive deformation but may not show a distinct com-
6.6 Micrometer Dial Gage, caliper or steel rule, suitable for
pressive yield point.
measuring dimensions of the specimens to +1 %.
5.2 This test method can be used to evaluate the short-term
7. Sampling
stress/strain behavior of TRMs under compressive stress while
loaded at a constant rate of defo
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation: D6454 − 99 (Reapproved 2011) D6454/D6454M − 99 (Reapproved 2016)
Standard Test Method for
Determining the Short-Term Compression Behavior of Turf
Reinforcement Mats (TRMs)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6454;D6454/D6454M; the number immediately following the designation indicates
the year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
ε NOTE—Designation was changed to dual and units statement in 1.3 and units throughout were corrected editorially in
January 2016.
1. Scope
1.1 The test method establishes the procedures for evaluation of the deformations of a turf reinforcement mat (TRM) under
short-term compressive loading. This test method is strictly an index test method to be used to verify the compressive strength
consistency of a given manufactured geosynthetic. Results from this test method should not be considered as an indication of actual
or long-term performance of the TRM in field applications.
1.2 Since these TRMs experience multidirectional compressive loadings in the field, this test method will not show actual field
performance and should not be used for this specific objective. The evaluation of the results also should recognize that the
determination of the short term single plane compressive behavior of geosynthetics does not reflect the installed performance of
TRMs and, therefore, should not be used as the only method of product or performance specification.
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as the standard. The values stated in
inch-pound units are provided in parentheses for information only.each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the
standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D4354 Practice for Sampling of Geosynthetics and Rolled Erosion Control Products(RECPs) for Testing
D4439 Terminology for Geosynthetics
D5199 Test Method for Measuring the Nominal Thickness of Geosynthetics
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 compressive deformation, [L], n—the decrease in gage length produced in the test specimen by a compressive load.
3.1.2 compressive strain, [nd], n—the ratio of compressive deformation to the gage length of the test specimen.
3.1.3 gage length, [L], n—in compression testing, the measured thickness of the test specimen under specified compressional
force, expressed in units of length prior to compressive loading. D5199
3.1.4 geosynthetic, n—a planar product manufactured from polymeric material used with foundation, soil, rock, earth, or any
other geotechnical engineering related material as an integral part of a man-made project, structure, or system. D4439
3.1.5 index test, n—a test procedure which may contain a known bias but which may be used to establish an order for a set of
specimens with respect to the property of interest. D4439
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on Geosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.05 on Geosynthetic Erosion
Control.
Current edition approved June 1, 2011Jan. 1, 2016. Published July 2011January 2016. Originally approved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 20062011 as
D6454–99(2006).D6454–99(2011). DOI: 10.1520/D6454-99R11.10.1520/D6454_D6454M-99R16E01.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
´1
D6454/D6454M − 99 (2016)
3.1.6 yield point, n—the first point on the load-deformation curve at which an increase in deformation occurs without a
corresponding increase in load.
3.1.6.1 Discussion—
Some geosynthetics do not exhibit an exact yield point. The tested TRM may exhibit a less steep slope at yield. In addition, it
should be stated that the yield point also may be the ultimate strength of the TRM.
3.1.7 For definitions of terms relating to geotextiles, refer to Terminology D4439.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 Specimens are mounted between parallel plates in a load frame. Compressive loads are applied at a constant rate of
crosshead movement. The deformations are recorded as a function of load. The compressive stress and strain are evaluated and
plotted. The compressive yield point is evaluated from the stress/strain relationship for those materials that exhibit a detectable
compressive yield point.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 The compression behavior test for TRMs is intended to be an index test. It is anticipated that the results of the compression
behavior test will be used to evaluate product. The results of the analyses also may be used to compare the relative compressive
yield points of materials that exhibit a detectable compressive yield point. It is anticipated that this test will be used for quality
control testing to evaluate uniformity and consistency within a lot or between lots where sample geometry factors, for example,
thickness, or materials may have changed.
NOTE 1—This is a one-dimensional test for compressive loading of a TRM in one plane.
5.1.1 The compressive yield point of TRMs may be evaluated from the stress/strain relationship. Many materials exhibit
compressive deformation but may not show a distinct compressive yield point.
5.2 This test method can be used to evaluate the short-term stress/strain behavior of TRMs under compressive stress while
loaded at a constant rate of deformation.
5.3 This test method may be used for acceptance testing of commercial shipments of TRMs but caution is advised because
interlaboratory testing is incomplete.
5.3.1 In the case of a dispute arising from differences in reported test results when using this test method for acceptance testing
of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is statistically bias
between their laboratories. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigations of bias. As a minimum, two
parties should take a group of test specimens from material shipped to project. The test specimens then should be assigned
randomly in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average results from the two laboratories should be compared using
the Student’s t-test for unpaired data and an acceptable probability level chosen by the two parties before the testing is begun. If
bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or the purchaser and supplier must agree to interpret future test results
in the light of the known bias.
6. Apparatus
6.1 Loading Mechanism—The loading mechanism shall be capable of applying compressive loads at a constant rate of
deformation of 10 % on the nominal thickness of the test specimen/min or 1 mm/min, whichever is greater.
NOTE 2—Some loading mechanisms, especially the older models, do not have the capability of adjusting the rate of deformation to the specific rate
required. For these instruments, the user and producer should establish mutually agreed upon testing rates; however, the rate of deformation selected
should not be greater than 10 % on the nominal thickness of the test specimen/min or 1 mm/min, whichever is greater.
6.2 Fixed Plate—The bottom fixed plate shall be larger than the specimen to be tested. It shall be flat, smooth, and
...