ASTM F3101-21a

Standard Specification for Unsupervised Public Use Outdoor Fitness Equipment

SCOPE
1.1 This specification establishes parameters for the design and manufacture of outdoor fitness equipment as defined in 3.1.30.  
1.2 It is intended that these fitness products will be used in an unsupervised outdoor setting or environment and will be permanently anchored.  
1.2.1 It is the intent of this specification to only specify requirements for outdoor fitness equipment and its installation and not the design of the facility or grounds on which the products are to be installed.  
1.3 The specifications set forth in this standard are intended to minimize the likelihood of serious injuries.  
1.3.1 The specifications set forth in this standard are for outdoor fitness equipment intended for use in an unsupervised setting by individuals age 13 and older.  
1.4 The values stated in SI (metric) units are to be regarded as standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.  
1.5 General Measures, Tolerances, and Conversions:  
1.5.1 The general tolerances for this specification (unless otherwise specified) are as follows:    
Dimension  
Tolerance  
X mm (X in.)  
± 13.0 mm (0.5 in.)  
X.X mm (X.X in.)  
±1.3 mm (0.05 in.)  
X.XX mm (X.XX in.)  
±.0.130 mm (0.005 in.)  
1.5.2 These tolerances still apply to a dimension even when terms like greater than, less than, minimum, or maximum are used.  
1.6 This standard is to be used in conjunction with Test Methods F2571 and Specification F2276. If a design or installation concern is not addressed in this specification then the applicable requirements of Specification F2276 shall be used.  
1.6.1 This standard takes precedence over Specification F2276 and Test Methods F2571 in areas that are addressed in this document.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 30-Jun-2021
• ICS: 97.220.40 - Outdoor and water sports equipment
• Technical Committee: F08 - Sports Equipment, Playing Surfaces, and Facilities
• Drafting Committee: F08.30 - Fitness Products

Relations

• Refers: ASTM F3021-23 - Standard Specification for Universal Design of Fitness Equipment for Inclusive Use by Persons with Functional Limitations and Impairments
• Effective Date: 15-Nov-2023
• Refers: ASTM F963-23 - Standard Consumer Safety Specification for Toy Safety
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2023
• Refers: ASTM F1749-15(2020) - Standard Specification for Fitness Equipment and Fitness Facility Safety Signage and Labels
• Effective Date: 01-May-2020
• Refers: ASTM F3351-19e1 - Standard Test Method for Playground Surface Impact Testing in Laboratory at Specified Test Height
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2019
• Refers: ASTM F3351-19 - Standard Test Method for Playground Surface Impact Testing in Laboratory at Specified Test Height
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2019
• Refers: ASTM F1292-18 - Standard Specification for Impact Attenuation of Surfacing Materials Within the Use Zone of Playground Equipment
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2018
• Refers: ASTM F1004-18 - Standard Consumer Safety Specification for Expansion Gates and Expandable Enclosures
• Effective Date: 15-May-2018
• Refers: ASTM F1292-17a - Standard Specification for Impact Attenuation of Surfacing Materials Within the Use Zone of Playground Equipment
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2017
• Refers: ASTM F1292-17 - Standard Specification for Impact Attenuation of Surfacing Materials Within the Use Zone of Playground Equipment
• Effective Date: 01-May-2017
• Refers: ASTM F3021-17 - Standard Specification for Universal Design of Fitness Equipment for Inclusive Use by Persons with Functional Limitations and Impairments
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2017
• Refers: ASTM F3021-16 - Standard Specification for Universal Design of Fitness Equipment for Inclusive Use by Persons with Functional Limitations and Impairments
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2016
• Refers: ASTM F963-16 - Standard Consumer Safety Specification for Toy Safety
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2016
• Refers: ASTM F1004-16b - Standard Consumer Safety Specification for Expansion Gates and Expandable Enclosures
• Effective Date: 15-Jul-2016
• Refers: ASTM F1004-16a - Standard Consumer Safety Specification for Expansion Gates and Expandable Enclosures
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2016
• Refers: ASTM F1004-16 - Standard Consumer Safety Specification for Expansion Gates and Expandable Enclosures
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2016

Overview

ASTM F3101-21a: Standard Specification for Unsupervised Public Use Outdoor Fitness Equipment provides comprehensive requirements for the design, manufacture, and installation of outdoor fitness equipment intended for permanent and unsupervised public use by individuals aged 13 years and older. Published by ASTM International, this specification aims to enhance safety, accessibility, and durability of outdoor fitness equipment, minimizing the risk of serious injury and ensuring products are suitable for parks, schools, recreation areas, and similar facilities. The standard covers key performance, material, and construction criteria, and must be used in conjunction with other referenced ASTM and ANSI standards.

Key Topics

• Scope and Purpose: Focuses on equipment designed for unsupervised outdoor environments, permanently anchored, and suitable for individuals aged 13+.
• Safety Requirements: Specifications are intended to reduce the likelihood of serious injuries related to outdoor fitness equipment by addressing hazards such as sharp edges, protrusions, entanglement, and entrapment.
• Types of Equipment: Covers fixed apparatus (e.g., bars, benches, climbing structures), resistance apparatus (machines requiring strength/resistance), and swinging apparatus (equipment simulating motion such as ellipticals and airwalkers).
• Materials and Durability: Mandates use of durable, corrosion-resistant materials suitable for outdoor conditions, with special consideration for environmental degradation and vandalism.
• General Construction: Includes detailed requirements for fasteners, handgrips, foot supports, and methods to anchor equipment securely.
• Accessibility: Insists on compliance with accessibility requirements, including accessible routes and clearances, referencing relevant DOJ accessibility standards.
• Maintenance and Inspection: Emphasizes the importance of appropriate installation, inspection, and regular maintenance for user safety and compliance.
• Tolerance and Measurements: Specifies measurement tolerances and use of SI units as standard.
• Referenced Documents: Calls for compliance with linked standards (such as ASTM F2276 and F2571) for testing and additional specifications.

Applications

Outdoor fitness equipment manufactured and installed in accordance with ASTM F3101-21a is commonly found in:

• Public Parks and Recreation Spaces: Promoting community fitness with accessible, safe, and durable installations.
• Schools and Educational Institutions: Providing unsupervised physical activity and exercise opportunities for teenagers and adults.
• Residential Communities and Condominium Complexes: Adding value and wellness amenities to property developments.
• Resorts and Private Recreation Areas: Enhancing wellness facilities with robust, outdoor-ready equipment.
• Urban Exercise Trails: Supporting active lifestyles and public health initiatives.

Adherence to this standard ensures that outdoor fitness products provide safe, effective exercise capabilities without direct supervision, supporting public health while reducing liability risks for manufacturers, designers, and facility operators. Facility planners and procurement specialists should reference ASTM F3101-21a when developing tender documents, selecting equipment, or designing outdoor exercise spaces.

Related Standards

The ASTM F3101-21a specification is designed to be used alongside other key standards to guarantee comprehensive safety and performance. Relevant related standards include:

• ASTM F2276: Specification for Fitness Equipment – General requirements for design and labeling of fitness equipment.
• ASTM F2571: Test Methods for Evaluating Design and Performance of Fitness Equipment.
• ASTM F1292 / F1951: Specifications for impact attenuation and accessibility of surfacing materials around equipment.
• ASTM F1749: Fitness Equipment and Facility Safety Signage and Labels.
• DOJ 2010 Standard for Accessible Design: Accessibility requirements mandated for public installations.
• ANSI Z535 series: Standards for safety signage, labels, and color codes in public environments.
• UL 969: Marking and Labeling Systems related to safety labels and identification.

ASTM F3101-21a remains an essential reference for anyone involved in the manufacture, design, installation, or procurement of public outdoor fitness equipment, ensuring safety, compliance, and long-term public utility. For detailed implementation, consulting the full standard and referenced documents is advised.

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation:F3101 −21a
Standard Specification for
Unsupervised Public Use Outdoor Fitness Equipment
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F3101; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
The goal of this specification is to promote proper design, manufacturing, installation, and
operationalpracticesforunsupervisedoutdoorfitnessequipmentforuseinparks,schools,institutions,
multiple-family dwellings, private resorts, recreation developments and other areas. These products
are intended to be used by individuals age 13 and older and typically are used in an unsupervised
setting. Through these specifications, this specification aims to assist designers, manufactures, and
owner/operators in reducing the possibility of injury.
Adult anthropometrics are used in the design of this equipment. The equipment specifications set
forthinthisstandardareforequipmentintendedforusebyindividuals13andolder.Adultsmusttake
precautions and prevent children under their supervision from accessing and using this equipment.
Thisstandardspecifiesrequirementsthataregenerallyapplicabletoalloutdoorfitnessequipmentused
in an unsupervised setting.
The equipment user must recognize, however, that a standard alone will not necessarily prevent
injuries.Likeotherphysicalactivities,exerciseinvolvingoutdoorfitnessequipment,involvestherisk
of injury, particularly if the equipment is used improperly, not properly installed or not properly
maintained. In addition, users with physical limitations should be aware of their capabilities and
limitations in the use of this type of equipment and seek appropriate advice prior to using it. Certain
physicalconditionsorlimitationsmayprecludesomepersonsfromusingthisequipmentproperlyand
without increasing the risk of serious injury. While the designer, manufacturer, and owner cannot
controlthepublicuseofthisunsupervisedequipmenttheycanaddressknowncausesofinjuriestothe
most vulnerable users and unintended users-at-risk defined as those under the age of 13. Good design
and best practice would dictate that these facilities are not in physical proximity or physically
separated from playground for children because of hazardous conditions children cannot appreciate.
1. Scope 1.3 The specifications set forth in this standard are intended
to minimize the likelihood of serious injuries.
1.1 This specification establishes parameters for the design
1.3.1 The specifications set forth in this standard are for
and manufacture of outdoor fitness equipment as defined in
outdoor fitness equipment intended for use in an unsupervised
3.1.30.
setting by individuals age 13 and older.
1.2 It is intended that these fitness products will be used in
1.4 The values stated in SI (metric) units are to be regarded
an unsupervised outdoor setting or environment and will be
asstandard.Thevaluesinparenthesesareforinformationonly.
permanently anchored.
1.5 General Measures, Tolerances, and Conversions:
1.2.1 It is the intent of this specification to only specify
1.5.1 The general tolerances for this specification (unless
requirements for outdoor fitness equipment and its installation
otherwise specified) are as follows:
and not the design of the facility or grounds on which the
Dimension Tolerance
products are to be installed.
Xmm(Xin.) ±13.0mm(0.5in.)
X.X mm (X.X in.) ±1.3 mm (0.05 in.)
X.XX mm (X.XX in.) ±.0.130 mm (0.005 in.)
1.5.2 These tolerances still apply to a dimension even when
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F08 on Sports
terms like greater than, less than, minimum, or maximum are
Equipment, Playing Surfaces, and Facilities and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee F08.30 on Fitness Products.
used.
CurrenteditionapprovedJuly1,2021.PublishedJuly2021.Originallyapproved
1.6 This standard is to be used in conjunction with Test
in 2015. Last previous edition approved in 2021 as F3101–21. DOI: 10.1520/
F3101-21A. Methods F2571 and Specification F2276. If a design or
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F3101−21a
installation concern is not addressed in this specification then 2.4 UL Standard:
the applicable requirements of Specification F2276 shall be UL969Standard for Safety: Marking and Labeling Systems
used.
1.6.1 This standard takes precedence over Specification 3. Terminology
F2276 and Test Methods F2571 in areas that are addressed in
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
this document.
3.1.1 accessible area, n—areaaccessibletotheuserorthird
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
party when the equipment is used as intended, grasped, or
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
adjusted.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1.1.1 Discussion—This area encompasses a region from
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
the floor to a height of 2134 mm (84 in.) above the underlying
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
surface. This does not include areas that are accessible during
1.8 This international standard was developed in accor-
the initial assembly.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
3.1.2 accessible, adj—relating to a part or portion of the
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
outdoor fitness equipment that (1) can be contacted by any
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
body part or (2) is approachable or usable, or both, by persons
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
of varying abilities.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
3.1.3 accessible route, n—pathway specifically intended to
provide access for individuals with disabilities.
2. Referenced Documents
3.1.4 applied handgrips, n—handgrips that are formed,
2.1 ASTM Standards:
molded, or attached to a support, component, or structure.
F1292Specification for Impact Attenuation of Surfacing
3.1.5 clearance space, n—area beneath and immediately
Materials Within the Use Zone of Playground Equipment
adjacent to outdoor fitness equipment that is designated for
F1749Specification for Fitness Equipment and Fitness Fa-
unrestricted circulation around the equipment and on whose
cility Safety Signage and Labels
surfaceitispredictedthatauserwouldlandwhenfallingfrom
F1951Specification for Determination of Accessibility of
Surface Systems Under and Around Playground Equip- or exiting the equipment.
ment
3.1.6 completely bounded opening, n—any opening in a
F2276Specification for Fitness Equipment
pieceofequipmentthatistotallyenclosedbyboundariesonall
F2571TestMethodsforEvaluatingDesignandPerformance
sides such that the perimeter of the opening is continuous.
Characteristics of Fitness Equipment
3.1.7 component, n—any portion of a structure that gener-
F3021Specification for Universal Design of Fitness Equip-
ates specific activity and cannot stand alone.
ment for Inclusive Use by Persons with Functional Limi-
3.1.8 composite fitness structure, n—two or more fitness
tations and Impairments
structuresattachedorfunctionallylinked,tocreateoneintegral
F3351Test Method for Playground Surface Impact Testing
unit that provides more than one fitness activity; an example is
in Laboratory at Specified Test Height
a combination horizontal ladder, chinning bar, vertical lunge,
2.2 ANSI Standards:
and balance beam.
ANSI Z535.1Safety Color Code
3.1.9 corner, n—intersectionofthreeplanesorsurfacesona
ANSI Z535.2Environmental and Facility Safety Signs
single component.
ANSI Z535.4Products Safety—Signs and Labels
ANSI Z535.6 Product Safety Information in Product
3.1.10 crush point, n—location between two moving com-
Manuals, Instructions, and Other Collateral Materials
ponents that when entered can cause a portion of the body to
sufferacontusion,laceration,abrasion,amputation,orfracture.
2.3 Federal Standards:
3.1.11 cycle, n—movement of a point or load away from a
NOTE1—ThefollowingstandardisaUnitedStatesfederalstandardthat
starting position and back to the same starting position. The
may not be applicable in other countries.
DOJ 2010 Standard for Accessible Design United States cyclebeingexecutedthroughthefullrangeofintendedmotion.
Department of Justice (DOJ)2010 Standard for Acces-
3.1.12 designated use surface, n—any elevated surface in-
sible Design: Title II (28 CFR 35) and Title III (28 CFR
tended for gripping/hanging, standing, walking, sitting, or
36)
climbing.
3.1.13 edge, n—intersection of two planes or surfaces on a
single component.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
3.1.14 engagement means, n—the portion of the outdoor
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
fitness equipment that is moved by the user to perform the
the ASTM website.
intended exercise as defined by the manufacturer.
Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
AvailablefromU.S.GovernmentPrintingOfficeSuperintendentofDocuments,
732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401, http://
www.access.gpo.gov. Available from Underwriters Laboratories (UL), 2600 N.W. Lake Rd., Camas,
Available free at: http://www.ada.gov/regs2010/ADAregs2010.htm. WA 98607-8542, http://www.ul.com.
F3101−21a
3.1.15 entanglement,n—conditioninwhichanarticleonthe facilities, military facilities or equipment designed for military
usersuchasclothing,hairorsomethingaroundtheuser’sneck training, bicycles or other fitness soft goods such as gloves,
becomescaughtorentwinedonacomponentofoutdoorfitness belts, apparel, balls, and so forth. Independent loose items
equipment. intended to be manipulated by the intended users are not
covered in this standard.
3.1.16 entrapment, n—conditionwhichimpedeswithdrawal
of a body or body part that has penetrated an opening.
3.1.31 owner’s manual, n—documentation supplied and in-
tended by the manufacturer to convey information, including
3.1.17 extrinsic loads, n—all loads applied to the machine
safety features and warnings, to the owner about the
or engagement means in addition to the users body weight.
equipment,itsinstallation,inspection,maintenance,andrepair.
3.1.18 fall height, n—verticaldistancebetweenadesignated
3.1.32 partially bounded opening, n—any opening in a
use surface and the protective surfacing beneath it.
piece of equipment that is not totally enclosed by boundaries
3.1.19 foot support, n—portionoftheoutdoorfitnessequip-
on all sides so that the perimeter of the opening is discontinu-
ment intended to support all or a portion of the user’s body
ous.
weight or exertion during the performance of the intended
3.1.33 platform, n—flat surface, intended for the user(s) to
exercise as defined by the manufacturer. May be a “step”,
stand, and upon which the user(s) can move freely.
“stair” or “rung” as defined in this section.
3.1.34 professional judgment, n—ability of an individual
3.1.20 functional training grip, n—typically a free form
with current knowledge, skill or experience, or both, in the
shape designed to be gripped for climbing and hanging
field of outdoor fitness equipment design, use, or operations,
exercises. Also referred to as rock climbing grips typically
which enables that person to form an opinion or make a
found on climbing walls or structures.
decision, or both, concerning a matter within that field of
3.1.21 general warning label, n—label designed within the
expertise.
scope of this specification and Specification F1749 which is
3.1.35 projection, n—condition which, due to its physical
affixedtoaportionofthefitnessequipmentanddrawsattention
nature, must be tested to the requirements of this standard to
to potential hazards associated with the use of that equipment.
determine whether it is a protrusion and/or entanglement
3.1.22 grasp, v—to hold by hand, may be done to support
hazard.
one’s self for balance or guidance; hands fit around only a
3.1.36 protective surfacing, n—material(s),ifrequired,tobe
portion of the circumference of the object.
used within the clearance space of the outdoor fitness equip-
3.1.23 grip, v—to hold by hand tightly so one does not slip
ment in accordance with Specifications F1292 and F1951
or fall or so that one can execute force to initiate or control
where applicable.
movement of the apparatus; hands fit around a majority of the
3.1.37 protrusion, n—projection which, when tested in ac-
circumference of the object.
cordance with the requirements of this standard is found to be
3.1.24 guard, n—cover or enclosure that limits access to an
a hazard having the potential to cause bodily injury to a user
otherwise accessible area.
who impacts it.
3.1.25 integral handgrips, n—handgrips that are created by,
3.1.38 range of movement, operator, n—space in which the
coating, texturing or otherwise modifying the material of a
user or part of the user is moving when using the machine as
component or support structure.
recommended by the manufacturer.
3.1.26 intended use, n—the use of the outdoor fitness
3.1.39 range of movement, equipment, n—space in which
equipment as described in the manual or on the signage
theequipmentcomponent(s)canmoveorbemovedduringthe
provided with it and/or as is readily apparent from its use as
operation of the equipment.
fitness equipment.
3.1.40 resistance means, n—the device or system that pro-
3.1.27 intrinsic loads, n—the loads applied to fitness equip-
vides a resistive force to the user during exercise. This system
ment due only to the user’s body weight.
may or may not be adjustable where the user can vary the
3.1.28 maximum specified load, n—maximum working load
deviceorsystemtoincreaseordecreasetheforceencountered.
for the machine as set by the manufacturer.
3.1.41 rung, n—cross piece in a ladder or other climbing
3.1.29 maximum tension developed, n—maximum static
equipment used for supporting the user’s feet or for grasping
tensile load experienced by a connector, fitting, rope, belt,
by the user’s hands and/or both.
chain, or other component during use of the machine at the
3.1.42 serious injury, n—an acute physical injury requiring
maximumspecifiedloadforthemachineincludingallextrinsic
medical treatment in a hospital or clinic under the supervision
loads.
of a qualified doctor or nurse; examples of such injuries
3.1.30 outdoor fitness equipment, n—an anchored structure
includes burns, factures, lacerations, internal injury, injury to
or mechanical apparatus intended for unsupervised outdoor
organs, concussion, internal bleeding, etc.
public use on which the user trains or exercises specific or
3.1.43 sharp edge, n—edge that can cut a user’s skin.
multiple muscles of the body.
3.1.30.1 Discussion—Not to include toys used for 3.1.44 sharp point/corner, n—pointorcorner thatcanpunc-
recreation, jump ropes, outdoor playground equipment or ture or lacerate a user’s skin.
F3101−21a
3.1.45 shear point, n—location at which parts move past 4.3 Access to outdoor fitness equipment machines or struc-
one another or past a fixed point in such a manner that, when tures shall meet the parameters established in the DOJ 2010
entered, can cause a portion of the body to become seriously Standard for Accessible Design.
injured in a scissors action between the components.
4.4 Spacing between individual pieces of outdoor fitness
3.1.46 site specific label, n—labeldesignedwithinthescope
equipment or structures shall meet the parameters established
ofthisspecificationandSpecificationF1749whichisaffixedto
intheDOJ2010StandardforAccessibleDesignandSection9
a portion of the equipment and draws attention to a potential
of this specification.
hazard in the immediate area of the label.
5. Equipment Types
3.1.47 step, n—horizontal flat surface of a ladder or stair
used primarily as a foot support.
5.1 General Decriptions—Outdoor fitness equipment varies
3.1.48 third party, n—someoneotherthantheuserwhoisin
and all designs may not be represented specifically in each of
the immediate area of the fitness equipment when it is in use. the following sections. The following sections are intended to
group the most prevalent equipment as well as accommodate
3.1.49 training envelope, n—maximum space in which the
future designs.
user and machine components traverse when the machine is
operatedinaccordancewiththeinstructions.(seealsooperator
5.2 Fixed Apparatus—Equipment with non-moving parts,
range of movement and equipment range of movement).
such as bars, beams, overhead equipment, benches, racks, step
Synonymous with “use zone”.
platforms and climbing structures.
5.2.1 Push-up Bars—These pieces are installed at low
3.1.50 trip hazard, n—abrupt change in elevation that may
not be clear and obvious to the user. heights and used to push off of, pull up, or other stretching
exercises with the intent that the user maintains contact with
3.1.51 upper body fitness equipment, n—fitness equipment
the ground during use.
intended to exercise the upper body (torso and arms). For the
5.2.2 Upper Body Equipment—This type of equipment may
purposes of this standard this may also encompass overhead
have various forms that have relatively high or overhead
components intended to support a user by the hands only (for
installed heights and are used to hang from, or perform other
example, horizontal ladders, chinning bars, and ring ladders).
upper body exercises.
3.1.52 user weight (maximum), n—manufacturer defined
5.2.3 Racks/Benches—This equipment is intended for sit-
weight of the exerciser that the equipment was designed to
ting on, lying on, or performing exercises at mid-level heights
accommodate.
greater than 406 mm (16.0 in.) and less than 1219 mm (48.0
3.1.53 user support, n—a surface or structure that supports
in.) from the installation surface. They include sit-up benches,
a portion or all of the user’s body weight while performing the
parallel bars, and similar products.
intended exercise as defined by the manufacturer.
5.2.4 Climbing Equipment—This type of equipment re-
quires a minimum 3 point of contact use to scale the activity.
4. Requirements for Access/Egress
Examples include climbing nets or bouldering walls.
5.2.5 Jumping Equipment—These pieces have various
4.1 Accessibility of outdoor fitness equipment installed in
forms but all require the user to jump as part of the exercise.
the United States and its territories shall meet the following
Examples include step platforms and jump touch beams.
accessibility requirements.
5.2.6 Balance Beams—These pieces are narrow surfaces
4.2 Accessible Routes to and around outdoor fitness equip-
intended for balancing activities.
ment shall meet the parameters established in the DOJ 2010
Standard for Accessible Design. 5.3 Resistance Apparatus—Equipment designed/intended
4.2.1 Accessible routes within the clearance space shall for strength/resistance training that lifts the user or provides
conform to the performance requirements of Specifications resistive loads that must be overcome to move the engagement
F1292 and F1951. means.
FIG. 1Fixed Apparatus
F3101−21a
FIG. 2Resistance Apparatus
FIG. 3Swinging Apparatus
5.3.1 For equipment that lifts the user, handles or other end 6. Materials and Construction
effectors are connected by joints and linkages to a seat or
6.1 General Requirements—Outdoor fitness equipment
platformonwhichauserrests;whenoperated,theuserislifted
shall be manufactured and constructed only of materials that
to generate resistance against movement of the end effector.
have a demonstrated durability in an outdoor setting.Any new
Examples include chest presses, lat pulls, leg presses.
materials being considered by manufacturers shall be tested
5.4 Swinging Apparatus—Equipment with moving parts accordingly for durability by the outdoor fitness equipment
intended for motion simulation exercise that may or may not manufacturer. When choosing materials, the manufacturer
lift the user but potentially utilizes rapid cyclical movement of shouldtakeintoaccountentrapmentandentanglementhazards
equipment joints and linkages. Examples include ellipticals, that can occur through distortion and degradation of materials
airwalkers, stepper machines. during use or from environmental factors and or vandalism.
F3101−21a
6.1.1 Metals shall be protected from rust or corrosion by 6.5 Plastic, rubber and other synthetic materials shall be
painting, powder coating, galvanizing, or through other treat- specified with consideration given to environmental degrada-
ments. Plastics and other materials that experience ultraviolet tion. These components shall be designed and installed where
(UV) degradation shall be protected against ultraviolet light inspection can be performed easily.
through coating or other protective means.
6.1.2 Regardless of the material or the treatment process, 7. Design and Performance Requirements
themanufacturershallensurethatallmaterialscomplywiththe
7.1 General Requirements—Unless otherwise stated, out-
Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act of 2008 (CPSIA)
door fitness equipment shall meet the requirements set forth in
(this includes but is not limited to coating and substrate) or
this specification.
other applicable standards in effect in the country of installa-
7.2 Outdoor fitness equipment represented as complying
tion.
with this specification shall meet all applicable requirements
6.1.3 Wood intended for outdoor fitness equipment that is
specified herein. Anyone representing compliance with this
notnaturallyrotandinsect-resistantshallbetreatedtoresistrot
specification shall keep such essential records as are necessary
and insect attack. Any wood not naturally rot and insect-
to document any claim that the requirements within this
resistant, which has any fabrication up to 150 mm (5.9 in.)
specification have been met.
above or below the level of the protective surface of the
installation, shall be treated after the wood fabrication. Devia-
7.3 Outdoor fitness equipment shall be anchored to the
tions shall have independent documentation of durability.
groundandnotintendedtobemovedfromitsinstallationpoint
Chromated copper arsenate (CCA), creosote,
during use or by the user.
pentachlorophenol, tributyl tin oxide, and surface coatings that
7.4 Support:
contain pesticides shall not be used for outdoor fitness equip-
7.4.1 Outdoor fitness equipment shall support the user and
ment. Wood treaters and outdoor fitness equipment manufac-
any additional loads applied by the user in normal operation
turersshallpracticetechnologiesandproceduresthatminimize
without breakage.
the level of dislodgeable toxin.
7.4.2 Loading requirements for outdoor fitness equipment
6.1.3.1 Wood components shall be designed in such a
are set forth in Section 8 of this specification.
manner that precipitation can drain off freely and not accumu-
late or pool on the wood surface.
7.5 Edges, Corners, and Tube Ends:
6.1.3.2 Wood surfaces shall be of materials constructed,
7.5.1 General—There shall be no accessible sharp points or
finished and maintained to minimize the tendency for splinter-
sharp edges on outdoor fitness equipment.
ing.
7.5.2 Edges—All edges in accessible areas shall be free of
6.1.3.3 Metal fastening systems used in wood structures or
burrs and sharp edges.
apparatus shall consider the wood treatment process of the
7.5.3 Corners—All corners in accessible areas shall be
wood material and be of suitable material to resist corrosion
radiused or chamfered.
when exposed to the wood material and the environment.
7.5.4 Tube Ends—Theexposedopenendsofalltubingshall
6.1.3.4 Plywood shall be exterior or marine grade and be
beprovidedwithcapsorplugsthatcannotberemovedwithout
protected from exposure to moisture.
the use of tools.
6.2 Fasteners:
7.6 Protrusions—Protrusion hazards shall not be present on
6.2.1 All fasteners, connecting, and covering devices shall
outdoor fitness equipment.
be inherently corrosion resistant or be provided with a
7.6.1 Three projection test gauges (shown in Fig. A1.10)
corrosion-resistant coating.
and a projection gauge (shown in Fig. A1.11) are required to
6.2.2 When installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s
determine whether projections are protrusions. Their use is
instructions, fasteners, connecting, and covering devices shall
described in this section.
not loosen or be removable without the use of tools. Lock
7.6.2 Accessible Projections—Aprojection is not accessible
washers, self-locking nuts, or other locking means shall be
and is not a protrusion when it is recessed or located in such a
provided for all nuts and bolts to protect them from detach-
manner that will not allow any of the projection test gauges to
ment. Hardware in moving joints shall also be secured against
be placed over it. Any of the conditions described in the
unintentional loosening.
remainder of this section constitute a protrusion hazard.
6.2.3 Hooks and connecting devices shall be subject to the
7.6.3 Determining Whether a Projection is a Protrusion—
requirements of Sections 7 and 8.
Successively place each of three gauges (see Fig.A1.10) over
6.3 Moving suspended components shall be connected to each accessible projection in all orientations (see Fig. A1.12
thefixedsupportwithbearingsorbearingsurfacesthatserveto and Fig. A1.13). Determine whether the projection extends
reduce friction or wear. beyond the face of any gauge.The projection fails the test and
is a protrusion if it extends beyond the face of any of the three
6.4 Steel cable that is permanently affixed to a hanger
gauges.
assembly performs as a bearing surface. Cable ends should be
inaccessible or capped to prevent injury from frayed wires. 7.7 Entanglement—Entanglement hazards 610 mm (24 in.)
Cables and steel-cored ropes should be protected to prevent or higher from the ground surface shall not be present on
fraying, loosening, unraveling, or excessive shifting of joints. outdoor fitness equipment.
F3101−21a
7.7.1 Three test gauges, a feeler gauge, and the means to point be located at a distance as specified in Table 1 from the
accurately measure a 3.0 mm (0.12 in.) extension are required plane of the opening.An enclosure in this case covers a crush
to determine whether entanglement hazards exist. Any of the or shear point.
conditionsdescribedinthissectionconstitutesanentanglement 7.8.3 Component(s) Moving Past Fixed Component(s)—If
hazard. during the intended operation or adjustment, a component
moves past a fixed component in such a manner that no shear
7.7.1.1 A projection that meets both of the following re-
or crush points are created, then the spacing between the fixed
quirements is an entanglement hazard:
componentandthemovingcomponentshallbelessthan8mm
(1)One of the three projection gauges (see Fig. A1.10)
(0.32 in.) or greater than 25 mm (0.98 in.). If during the
passes over the projection and contacts the initial surface.
intended operation or adjustment, a component moves past a
(2)The projection extends perpendicular (65°) from the
fixed component in such a manner that a scissors action is
initial surface more than 3.0 mm (0.12 in.). The thickness of
created, then the spacing between the fixed component and the
the projection gauge (see Fig.A1.11) may be used to measure
moving component shall be 60.0 mm (2.4 in.) or greater.
the 3.0 mm (0.12 in.) extension.
7.8.4 Component(s) Moving in Proximity to the Ground—If
7.7.2 Projections from a Horizontal Plane—A projection
during the intended operation or adjustment, a component
that meets the conditions of 7.7.1.1(1) and (2) and which also
movespastortowardsthegroundthenthespacingbetweenthe
projects upwards from a horizontal plane (see Figs. A1.14-
component and the ground shall be greater than 60.0 mm (2.4
A1.16) is an entanglement hazard.
in.).Iftheverticallymovingcomponentsareoutsidetheuser’s
7.7.3 Exposed Bolt End Projections—Any accessible bolt
fieldofviewthenthedistancebetweenthepartsandtheground
end projecting beyond the face of the nut more than two full
shall be a minimum of 110 mm (4.3 in.).
threads is an entanglement hazard (see Fig. A1.16(6)). A bolt
7.8.5 Component Stops—Stops for moving components
end is inaccessible and not an entanglement hazard when the
shall be guarded or inaccessible.This guarding shall not create
bolt end is recessed and the 89 mm (3.5 in.) OD projection
shear points, crush points.
gauge (see Fig.A1.10) cannot be made to contact the bolt end
7.8.6 Head and Neck Entrapment—Outdoor fitness equip-
when the outside curve of the gauge is placed flat against the
ment shall be designed, constructed and assembled so that any
recessed area (see Fig. A1.15).
accessible opening shall meet the performance and testing
7.7.4 Projections Which Increase in Size—Any projection
requirements set forth below. Completely and partially
which fits within any of the three projection test gauges (see
boundedopeningsbelow610mm(24in.)areexemptfromthis
Fig.A1.10)andwheretheincreaseinsizeextendsgreaterthan
requirement.
3.0 mm (0.12 in.) from the initial surface with a depth greater
7.8.6.1 Outdoor fitness equipment shall meet the following
than 3.0 mm (0.12 in.) is an entanglement hazard (see Fig.
performancerequirementstoreducetheriskofaccidentalhead
A1.16).
or neck entrapment by either a head-first or feet-first entry into
7.7.5 Connecting Devices—Connectingdevicessuchas,but
the opening. Openings between the protective surfacing and
not limited to, quick links, when properly closed, are not
the bottom edge of the equipment (that is, rails, platforms,
entanglement hazards. These connectors are considered closed
steps, and so forth) are exempt from this requirement as
when there is no gap or space greater than 1.0 mm (0.04 in.)
indicated by Fig. A1.1.
when measured with a feeler gauge.
(1) Accessible Openings—A completely bounded rigid
opening is accessible when a torso test probe (see Fig. A1.2)
7.8 Guarding and Entrapment in Accessible Areas:
can be inserted into the opening to a depth of 102 mm (4.0 in.)
7.8.1 General—Shear, pull-in and crush points shall be
or more.
avoided or guarded. There shall be no crush or shear points
(2) Test Procedure for Completely Bounded Rigid
caused by junctures of two components moving relative to one
Openings—Placethetorsoprobe(seeFig.A1.2)intheopening
another, or at an opening present at the junction of a stationary
with the plane of the base of the probe parallel to the plane of
support and a rigid supporting member for a swinging compo-
the opening; rotate the probe to its most adverse orientation
nent while the swinging components travel through their
(thatis,majoraxisofthebaseoftheprobeparalleltothemajor
complete range of travel. A crush or shear point is any point
that entraps at one or more positions a 25.00 mm (0.98 in.)
diameter rod. TABLE 1 Minimum Acceptable Distance from an Opening to a
Crush or Shear Point
7.8.2 To reduce the likelihood of unintentional contact with
A
Minimum Dimension of Opening, Minimum Distance from Opening
a crush or shear point, an opening shall comply with either
B
mm (in.), ±0.05
to Part, mm (in.)
7.8.2.1 or 7.8.2.2.
25 (1) 165 (6.5)
7.8.2.1 An opening with a minor dimension of less than 25
32 (1.25) 190 (7.5)
38 (1.5) 318 (12.5)
mm (1.0 in.) is acceptable if a finger probe (as illustrated in
48 (1.875) 394 (15.5)
Fig.A1.17), when inserted into an opening, cannot be made to
54 (2.125) 445 (17.5)
touchanycrushorshearpoint.Theprobeshallbeappliedinall
More than 54 (2.125) 762 (30)
and less than 152 (6)
possible positions (Fig.A1.18) with an application force not to
A
exceed4N(1 lb). See 7.8.2.2.
B
Between 25 and 64 mm (1 and 2.5 in.) interpolation is used to determine values
7.8.2.2 An opening in an enclosure with a minor dimension
specified in the table.
of25mm(1.0in.)ormore,shallrequirethatthecrushorshear
F3101−21a
FIG. 4Ground Clearance 60 mm (2.4 in.)
FIG. 5Pendular Motion Machine
axis of opening). If the torso probe can be inserted into the opening can be considered accessible and must meet the
openingtoadepthof102mm(4.0in.)ormore,placethehead conditions of 7.8.6.3(3).
probe (see Fig.A1.3) in the opening with the plane of the base (3) Test Method—The“A”portionofthetesttemplate(Fig.
of the probe parallel to the plane of the opening. An opening A1.4) is to be inserted along the centerline of the opening
passesthistestif(1)theopeningdoesnotadmitthetorsoprobe (determine the most adverse condition) (see Fig.A1.5) so that
when it is rotated to any orientation about its own axis, or (2) the centerline of the template follows the centerline of the
the opening admits the torso probe and also admits the head openingandtheplaneofthetemplateisparalleltotheplaneof
probe.An opening fails the test if the opening admits the torso theopeninguntilthemotionisarrestedbycontactbetweenthe
probe but does not admit the head probe. test template and the boundaries of the opening. By visual
7.8.6.2 Boundaries of Large Openings—If the opening ad- inspection, determine if there is simultaneous contact between
mits the 229-mm (9.0-in.) head probe, each portion of its the sides of the template. If simultaneous contact is made the
boundary shall be evaluated for partially bounded opening opening is accessible and must be tested using the “B” portion
requirements of 7.8.6.3. of the test template (see Fig. A1.6).
7.8.6.3 Partially Bounded Openings: (4)If the angle test template “A” indicates failure, check
(1)A partially bounded opening is considered accessible for an exempted thick surface condition by positioning the
when any of the following conditions exist, and must meet the plane of the “B” portion of the test template between and
performance requirements as recommended in 7.8.6.3(2) and perpendiculartotheplaneoftheboundariesoftheopening(see
7.8.6.3(3). Fig. A1.7 and Fig. A1.9). If the test template fits completely
(2)If the unbounded part of a partially bounded opening is withintheboundariesoftheopening,theopeningisconsidered
between 47.6 mm (1.875 6 0.005 in.) and 229 mm (9.0 in.) in hazardous and fails the test unless it allows full passage of the
width when measured perpendicular to each surface, the 229 mm (9.0 in.) head probe (see Fig. A1.8). If the template
F3101−21a
doesnotfitdownwithintheboundariesoftheopening(defined mainly supported on the foot supports) the foot support shall
as the opening outlined by the contact points of the test have a minimum support surface of 320.0 mm × 120.0 mm
template “A”) the opening is not considered accessible. (12.6in.×4.7in.)andincludeanedgesurfaceofatleast10.00
(5)The test template is divided into two sections. Section mm(0.39in.)aroundthreesidesofthefootsupporttoassistin
“A”isusedfirsttodetermineaccessibility.Section“B”isused preventing the user’s foot from slipping off. Circular footrests
to determine if the thickness of the material or the location of shallbeatleast250.0mm(9.8in.)indiameterandshallnotbe
the opening prevents access to the opening. The thickness of built with a foot holder. The footrest system shall be designed
19.1mm(0.75in.)forthetemplateitselfisbasedonhalfofthe in a way that ensures the user’s feet cannot get trapped,
neckdepthofa5thpercentiletwoyearoldminuscompression. enabling the user to freely step off the equipment at any point
in the movement.
7.9 Pendular, Pivoting or Swinging Motion—Outdoor fit-
7.12 Load Development and Load Transmitting
ness equipment that functions with a swinging or pendular
motion shall be fitted with dampened end-stops or other Components—Load development and load transmitting
components, including all attachment devices (links, shackles,
appropriate movement limitation systems. End-stops shall be
kept inaccessible. The portion of the equipment going through end fittings, and termination means) shall not fail with a load
equal to five times the maximum static tension developed by
pendular motion shall not exceed a range of motion of over
70°. See Fig. 5. the machine during normal operation.
7.9.1 Materialssubjecttolossofimpactattenuationshallbe
7.13 Engagement Means—All portions of the equipment
addressed by the manufacturer per maintenance requirements
designed or intended to be used by the user of the equipment
specified in Section 12.
shall meet the intrinsic and or extrinsic loading parameters set
7.9.2 Suspended Components—Suspended components,
forth in section 8 of this standard.
such as rings on upper body equipment, shall be smoothly
7.14 Ropes, Belts, Cables, or Other Load Transmitting
finished and have a minimum radius of 6.35 mm (0.25 in.) on
Means:
all corners and edges.
7.14.1 General—Ropes, belts, cables, and other means,
7.9.3 Bearing Surfaces—All pivot points shall be designed
including all attachment devices (links, shackles, end fittings,
with load and environment appropriate bearing materials.
and termination means) shall not fail with a load equal to five
7.10 Adjustment and Locking Means—All adjustment and
times the maximum static tension developed by the machine
locking means shall function securely at all adjustment posi-
during operation and shall pass the endurance guidelines set
tions. The possibility of inadvertent disengagement shall be
forth in Section 8. All end terminations shall not be subjected
reduced by spring retention, clamps, or other means.
to cyclic bending under normal and intended machine opera-
7.10.1 Adjustment knobs and levers shall not interfere with tionasdefinedbythemanufacturer.Exposedendsorstrandsof
the user’s range of movement. cables or wire ropes shall be protected or flush with the ferrule
so that puncture or entrapment cannot occur.
7.11 Handgrips/Foot Support:
7.14.2 Themetalsusedincablesshallbecorrosionresistant.
7.11.1 General—Handgrips and foot supports on outdoor
7.14.3 Cables or ropes used for climbing shall be restrained
fitness equipment shall not create protrusions or entrapment
at both ends.
hazardsIfsurfacesareintendedtobegrippedfortheexecution
7.14.3.1 Rope or cable with a length of 178.0 mm (7.0 in.)
oftheexercisethentheyshallhaveacrosssectionaldimension
orlessmaybeattachedatoneendonlyorshallbefixedatboth
greater than 16.00 mm (0.63 in.) in any direction. Functional
endsandnotbecapableofbeingloopedbackonitself,creating
training grips are exempt from these requirements. Material
an inside loop perimeter greater than 127.0 mm (5.0 in.)
used for gripping surfaces shall take into consideration envi-
Multiple lengths of such cords that can contact each other
ronmental degradation and vandalism.
would be treated as one length of cord.
7.11.2 Integral Handgrips—Integral handgrips, if required
7.15 Support Posts and Foundations for outdoor fitness
for proper use as defined by the manufacturer, shall be
equipment shall not pose a tripping hazard.
conspicuous and shall reduce slippage during normal use and
not create entrapment or entanglement points.
7.16 Fall Height Requirements—The fall height of outdoor
7.11.3 Applied Handgrips—Applied handgrips shall be of a
fitness equipment shall be the distance between the highest
material that reduces slippage and shall withstand an applied
designated use surface and the protective surface below.
force of 90 N (20.2 lb) without movement in the direction of
7.16.1 Equipment support posts with no designated use
the applied force.
surfaces have no fall height requirement.
7.11.4 Rotating Handgrips—Rotating handgrips shall be
7.16.2 Equipment where the user is in a standing, sitting, or
constrainedagainstlateralmovementalongtheirrotationalaxis
lying position, and has a fall height less than or equal to 1000
and be constructed of a material that reduces slippage.
mm (39.4 in.) does not require impact attenuating surfacing.
7.11.5 Foot Supports—Bars or plates intended to support
Examples include Racks/Benches and Push-Up Bars less than
the user’s feet during exercise shall be fitted with or be of a
or equal to 1000 mm (39.4 in.).
material or surface type or configuration that reduces slippage.
7.16.3 Upper body equipment, climbing equipment, jump-
7.11.5.1 Foot Supports on Swinging Apparatus—On out- ing equipment, and balance beams require impact attenuating
door fitness equipment that is intended to be set in motion by surfacing that conforms to Specification F1292 appropriate for
the user (ellipticals, air walkers, etc. where body weight is the fall height of the equipment.
F3101−21a
7.17 Design for Accessibility—Outdoor fitness equipment 8.4.2 Extrinsic loads calculated in 8.4.1 are to be applied to
designed for accessibility by users with functional limitations all machine components receiving extrinsic loads from opera-
or impairments shall meet additional criteria outlined in tion of the machine according to the manufacturer’s operating
Specification F3021. instructions. Examples of areas to conduct this testing include
seats and lifting arms. As with intrinsic loads, composite
8. Structural Integrity outdoor fitness structures shall be evaluated for extrinsic loads
based upon the maximum number of intended users and the
8.1 Setupandproceduresforthestructuralintegritytestsare
maximumloadsthattheequipmentmaybesubjecttoduringits
setforthinthetestmethodandareintendedtobeconductedby
intended use as set forth by the manufacturer.
manufacturers on equipment at a test site or their facility and
are not intended to be performed on equipment installed in the 8.5 Handlebar / Grip Loading—Handlebars and gripping
use zone or as part of a routine maintenance program. surfaces that support fully the user’s body weight, shall meet
the loading parameters of 8.3 without breakage. In general,
8.2 Loading Test Criteria:
handlebars or gripping surfaces that do not support the user’s
8.2.1 The test load shall be applied as defined in Test
bodyweight,shallendureaverticalstaticloadofthegreaterof
Methods F2571 through appropriate load distribution devices.
1.0 × 135 kg (297 lb) or the maximum user weight without
8.2.2 After conducting the tests there shall be no visible
breakage.Handlebarsandgrippingsurfacesshallendureaload
crackorbreakageofanycomponentandnoformofpermanent
of 0.5 × 135 kg (297 lb) in all other directions without
deformation of any component that may adversely affect the
breakage.
structural integrity or safe use of the equipment. If the
8.6 Seat Assemblies—Seat assemblies shall pass either the
deformation results in clearances falling below those specified
in section 6 and elsewhere in this document (or the other intrinsic and extrinsic load parameters of 8.3 and 8.4 without
breakage or an endurance load of the maximum user weight or
referenced documents) then the safety of the apparatus or
135 kg (297 lb), whichever is greater, for the prescribed
equipmentshallbedeemedcompromised.Afterremovalofthe
number of cycles set forth in 8.7. Upon completion of the
load, hooks, shackles, rings, or links shall not have opened to
endurance test the seat assembly shall be subjected to a static
more than 1.02 mm (0.04 in.).
loadtestof1.5timesthemaximumuserweightor200kg(440
8.3 Intrinsic Loading—All user supporting surfaces for
lb), whichever is greater.
outdoor fitness equipment shall be able to withstand static
8.7 Endurance Loading—The components of outdoor fit-
loadsequaltoasafetyfactorof4timesthegreaterof135.0kg
ness equipment that provide a resistance means and the
(297.0 lb), or the maximum specified user weight, as set forth
componentsthattransmitthatloadshallnotfailwhencycledas
by the manufacturer, at the point of user contact without
intended by the manufacturer at maximum user load for a
breakage. If there are multiple user contact surfaces or if the
minimumof80%oftherange.Asaminimum,outdoorfitness
equipment is designed for more than one user at a given time
then the equipment shall be subjected to multiple loads equipment shall withstand 250,000 cycles at the maximum
specified load over a minimum of 80 % of the possible range
dependent on the maximum number of intended users.
of movement.
8.4 Extrinsic Loading—The fitness equipment and user
8.7.1
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: F3101 − 21 F3101 − 21a
Standard Specification for
Unsupervised Public Use Outdoor Fitness Equipment
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F3101; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
The goal of this specification is to promote proper design, manufacturing, installation, and
operational practices for unsupervised outdoor fitness equipment for use in parks, schools, institutions,
multiple-family dwellings, private resorts, recreation developments and other areas. These products
are intended to be used by individuals age 13 and older and typically are used in an unsupervised
setting. Through these specifications, this specification aims to assist designers, manufactures, and
owner/operators in reducing the possibility of injury.
Adult anthropometrics are used in the design of this equipment. The equipment specifications set
forth in this standard are for equipment intended for use by individuals 13 and older. Adults must take
precautions and prevent children under their supervision from accessing and using this equipment.
This standard specifies requirements that are generally applicable to all outdoor fitness equipment used
in an unsupervised setting.
The equipment user must recognize, however, that a standard alone will not necessarily prevent
injuries. Like other physical activities, exercise involving outdoor fitness equipment, involves the risk
of injury, particularly if the equipment is used improperly, not properly installed or not properly
maintained. In addition, users with physical limitations should be aware of their capabilities and
limitations in the use of this type of equipment and seek appropriate advice prior to using it. Certain
physical conditions or limitations may preclude some persons from using this equipment properly and
without increasing the risk of serious injury. While the designer, manufacturer, and owner cannot
control the public use of this unsupervised equipment they can address known causes of injuries to the
most vulnerable users and unintended users-at-risk defined as those under the age of 13. Good design
and best practice would dictate that these facilities are not in physical proximity or physically
separated from playground for children because of hazardous conditions children cannot appreciate.
1. Scope
1.1 This specification establishes parameters for the design and manufacture of outdoor fitness equipment as defined in 3.1.30.
1.2 It is intended that these fitness products will be used in an unsupervised outdoor setting or environment and will be
permanently anchored.
1.2.1 It is the intent of this specification to only specify requirements for outdoor fitness equipment and its installation and not
the design of the facility or grounds on which the products are to be installed.
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 on Sports Equipment, Playing Surfaces, and Facilities and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee F08.30 on Fitness Products.
Current edition approved March 1, 2021July 1, 2021. Published July 2021. Originally approved in 2015. Last previous edition approved in 20152021 as
F3101 – 15.F3101 – 21. DOI: 10.1520/F3101-21.10.1520/F3101-21A.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F3101 − 21a
1.3 The specifications set forth in this standard are intended to minimize the likelihood of serious injuries.
1.3.1 The specifications set forth in this standard are for outdoor fitness equipment intended for use in an unsupervised setting by
individuals age 13 and older.
1.4 The values stated in SI (metric) units are to be regarded as standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
1.5 General Measures, Tolerances, and Conversions:
1.5.1 The general tolerances for this specification (unless otherwise specified) are as follows:
Dimension Tolerance
X mm (X in.) ± 13.0 mm (0.5 in.)
X.X mm (X.X in.) ±1.3 mm (0.05 in.)
X.XX mm (X.XX in.) ±.0.130 mm (0.005 in.)
1.5.2 These tolerances still apply to a dimension even when terms like greater than, less than, minimum, or maximum are used.
1.6 This standard is to be used in conjunction with Test Methods F2571 and Specification F2276. If a design or installation concern
is not addressed in this specification then the applicable requirements of Specification F2276 shall be used.
1.6.1 This standard takes precedence over Specification F2276 and Test Methods F2571 in areas that are addressed in this
document.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
F1292 Specification for Impact Attenuation of Surfacing Materials Within the Use Zone of Playground Equipment
F1749 Specification for Fitness Equipment and Fitness Facility Safety Signage and Labels
F1951 Specification for Determination of Accessibility of Surface Systems Under and Around Playground Equipment
F2276 Specification for Fitness Equipment
F2571 Test Methods for Evaluating Design and Performance Characteristics of Fitness Equipment
F3021 Specification for Universal Design of Fitness Equipment for Inclusive Use by Persons with Functional Limitations and
Impairments
F3351 Test Method for Playground Surface Impact Testing in Laboratory at Specified Test Height
2.2 ANSI Standards:
ANSI Z535.1 Safety Color Code
ANSI Z535.2 Environmental and Facility Safety Signs
ANSI Z535.4 Products Safety—Signs and Labels
ANSI Z535.6 Product Safety Information in Product Manuals, Instructions, and Other Collateral Materials
2.3 Federal Standards:
NOTE 1—The following standard is a United States federal standard that may not be applicable in other countries.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents, 732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401, http://
www.access.gpo.gov.
F3101 − 21a
DOJ 2010 Standard for Accessible Design United States Department of Justice (DOJ) 2010 Standard for Accessible Design: Title
II (28 CFR 35) and Title III (28 CFR 36)
2.4 UL Standard:
UL 969 Standard for Safety: Marking and Labeling Systems
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 accessible area, n—area accessible to the user or third party when the equipment is used as intended, grasped, or adjusted.
3.1.1.1 Discussion—
This area encompasses a region from the floor to a height of 2134 mm (84 in.) above the underlying surface. This does not include
areas that are accessible during the initial assembly.
3.1.2 accessible, adj—relating to a part or portion of the outdoor fitness equipment that (1) can be contacted by any body part or
(2) is approachable or usable, or both, by persons of varying abilities.
3.1.3 accessible route, n—pathway specifically intended to provide access for individuals with disabilities.
3.1.4 applied handgrips, n—handgrips that are formed, molded, or attached to a support, component, or structure.
3.1.5 clearance space, n—area beneath and immediately adjacent to outdoor fitness equipment that is designated for unrestricted
circulation around the equipment and on whose surface it is predicted that a user would land when falling from or exiting the
equipment.
3.1.6 completely bounded opening, n—any opening in a piece of equipment that is totally enclosed by boundaries on all sides such
that the perimeter of the opening is continuous.
3.1.7 component, n—any portion of a structure that generates specific activity and cannot stand alone.
3.1.8 composite fitness structure, n—two or more fitness structures attached or functionally linked, to create one integral unit that
provides more than one fitness activity; an example is a combination horizontal ladder, chinning bar, vertical lunge, and balance
beam.
3.1.9 corner, n—intersection of three planes or surfaces on a single component.
3.1.10 crush point, n—location between two moving components that when entered can cause a portion of the body to suffer a
contusion, laceration, abrasion, amputation, or fracture.
3.1.11 cycle, n—movement of a point or load away from a starting position and back to the same starting position. The cycle being
executed through the full range of intended motion.
3.1.12 designated use surface, n—any elevated surface intended for gripping/hanging, standing, walking, sitting, or climbing.
3.1.13 edge, n—intersection of two planes or surfaces on a single component.
3.1.14 engagement means, n—the portion of the outdoor fitness equipment that is moved by the user to perform the intended
exercise as defined by the manufacturer.
3.1.15 entanglement, n—condition in which an article on the user such as clothing, hair or something around the user’s neck
becomes caught or entwined on a component of outdoor fitness equipment.
Available free at: http://www.ada.gov/regs2010/ADAregs2010.htm.
Available from Underwriters Laboratories (UL), 2600 N.W. Lake Rd., Camas, WA 98607-8542, http://www.ul.com.
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3.1.16 entrapment, n—condition which impedes withdrawal of a body or body part that has penetrated an opening.
3.1.17 extrinsic loads, n—all loads applied to the machine or engagement means in addition to the users body weight.
3.1.18 fall height, n—vertical distance between a designated use surface and the protective surfacing beneath it.
3.1.19 foot support, n—portion of the outdoor fitness equipment intended to support all or a portion of the user’s body weight or
exertion during the performance of the intended exercise as defined by the manufacturer. May be a “step”, “stair” or “rung” as
defined in this section.
3.1.20 functional training grip, n—typically a free form shape designed to be gripped for climbing and hanging exercises. Also
referred to as rock climbing grips typically found on climbing walls or structures.
3.1.21 general warning label, n—label designed within the scope of this specification and Specification F1749 which is affixed
to a portion of the fitness equipment and draws attention to potential hazards associated with the use of that equipment.
3.1.22 grasp, v—to hold by hand, may be done to support one’s self for balance or guidance; hands fit around only a portion of
the circumference of the object.
3.1.23 grip, v—to hold by hand tightly so one does not slip or fall or so that one can execute force to initiate or control movement
of the apparatus; hands fit around a majority of the circumference of the object.
3.1.24 guard, n—cover or enclosure that limits access to an otherwise accessible area.
3.1.25 integral handgrips, n—handgrips that are created by, coating, texturing or otherwise modifying the material of a component
or support structure.
3.1.26 intended use, n—the use of the outdoor fitness equipment as described in the manual or on the signage provided with it
and/or as is readily apparent from its use as fitness equipment.
3.1.27 intrinsic loads, n—the loads applied to fitness equipment due only to the user’s body weight.
3.1.28 maximum specified load, n—maximum working load for the machine as set by the manufacturer.
3.1.29 maximum tension developed, n—maximum static tensile load experienced by a connector, fitting, rope, belt, chain, or other
component during use of the machine at the maximum specified load for the machine including all extrinsic loads.
3.1.30 outdoor fitness equipment, n—an anchored structure or mechanical apparatus intended for unsupervised outdoor public use
on which the user trains or exercises specific or multiple muscles of the body.
3.1.30.1 Discussion—
Not to include toys used for recreation, jump ropes, outdoor playground equipment or facilities, military facilities or equipment
designed for military training, bicycles or other fitness soft goods such as gloves, belts, apparel, balls, and so forth. Independent
loose items intended to be manipulated by the intended users are not covered in this standard.
3.1.31 owner’s manual, n—documentation supplied and intended by the manufacturer to convey information, including safety
features and warnings, to the owner about the equipment, its installation, inspection, maintenance, and repair.
3.1.32 partially bounded opening, n—any opening in a piece of equipment that is not totally enclosed by boundaries on all sides
so that the perimeter of the opening is discontinuous.
3.1.33 platform, n—flat surface, intended for the user(s) to stand, and upon which the user(s) can move freely.
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3.1.34 professional judgment, n—ability of an individual with current knowledge, skill or experience, or both, in the field of
outdoor fitness equipment design, use, or operations, which enables that person to form an opinion or make a decision, or both,
concerning a matter within that field of expertise.
3.1.35 projection, n—condition which, due to its physical nature, must be tested to the requirements of this standard to determine
whether it is a protrusion and/or entanglement hazard.
3.1.36 protective surfacing, n—material(s), if required, to be used within the clearance space of the outdoor fitness equipment in
accordance with Specifications F1292 and F1951 where applicable.
3.1.37 protrusion, n—projection which, when tested in accordance with the requirements of this standard is found to be a hazard
having the potential to cause bodily injury to a user who impacts it.
3.1.38 range of movement, operator, n—space in which the user or part of the user is moving when using the machine as
recommended by the manufacturer.
3.1.39 range of movement, equipment, n—space in which the equipment component(s) can move or be moved during the operation
of the equipment.
3.1.40 resistance means, n—the device or system that provides a resistive force to the user during exercise. This system may or
may not be adjustable where the user can vary the device or system to increase or decrease the force encountered.
3.1.41 rung, n—cross piece in a ladder or other climbing equipment used for supporting the user’s feet or for grasping by the user’s
hands and/or both.
3.1.42 serious injury, n—an acute physical injury requiring medical treatment in a hospital or clinic under the supervision of a
qualified doctor or nurse; examples of such injuries includes burns, factures, lacerations, internal injury, injury to organs,
concussion, internal bleeding, etc.
3.1.43 sharp edge, n—edge that can cut a user’s skin.
3.1.44 sharp point/corner, n—point or corner that can puncture or lacerate a user’s skin.
3.1.45 shear point, n—location at which parts move past one another or past a fixed point in such a manner that, when entered,
can cause a portion of the body to become seriously injured in a scissors action between the components.
3.1.46 site specific label, n—label designed within the scope of this specification and Specification F1749 which is affixed to a
portion of the equipment and draws attention to a potential hazard in the immediate area of the label.
3.1.47 step, n—horizontal flat surface of a ladder or stair used primarily as a foot support.
3.1.48 third party, n—someone other than the user who is in the immediate area of the fitness equipment when it is in use.
3.1.49 training envelope, n—maximum space in which the user and machine components traverse when the machine is operated
in accordance with the instructions. (see also operator range of movement and equipment range of movement). Synonymous with
“use zone”.
3.1.50 trip hazard, n—abrupt change in elevation that may not be clear and obvious to the user.
3.1.51 upper body fitness equipment, n—fitness equipment intended to exercise the upper body (torso and arms). For the purposes
of this standard this may also encompass overhead components intended to support a user by the hands only (for example,
horizontal ladders, chinning bars, and ring ladders).
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3.1.52 user weight (maximum), n—manufacturer defined weight of the exerciser that the equipment was designed to accommodate.
3.1.53 user support, n—a surface or structure that supports a portion or all of the user’s body weight while performing the intended
exercise as defined by the manufacturer.
4. Requirements for Access/Egress
4.1 Accessibility of outdoor fitness equipment installed in the United States and its territories shall meet the following accessibility
requirements.
4.2 Accessible Routes to and around outdoor fitness equipment shall meet the parameters established in the DOJ 2010 Standard
for Accessible Design.
4.2.1 Accessible routes within the clearance space shall conform to the performance requirements of Specifications F1292 and
F1951.
4.3 Access to outdoor fitness equipment machines or structures shall meet the parameters established in the DOJ 2010 Standard
for Accessible Design.
4.4 Spacing between individual pieces of outdoor fitness equipment or structures shall meet the parameters established in the DOJ
2010 Standard for Accessible Design and Section 9 of this specification.
5. Equipment Types
5.1 General Decriptions—Outdoor fitness equipment varies and all designs may not be represented specifically in each of the
following sections. The following sections are intended to group the most prevalent equipment as well as accommodate future
designs.
5.2 Fixed Apparatus—Equipment with non-moving parts, such as bars, beams, overhead equipment, benches, racks, step platforms
and climbing structures.
5.2.1 Push-up Bars—These pieces are installed at low heights and used to push off of, pull up, or other stretching exercises with
the intent that the user maintains contact with the ground during use.
5.2.2 Upper Body Equipment—This type of equipment may have various forms that have relatively high or overhead installed
heights and are used to hang from, or perform other upper body exercises.
5.2.3 Racks/Benches—This equipment is intended for sitting on, lying on, or performing exercises at mid-level heights greater than
406 mm (16.0 in.) and less than 1219 mm (48.0 in.) from the installation surface. They include sit-up benches, parallel bars, and
similar products.
5.2.4 Climbing Equipment—This type of equipment requires a minimum 3 point of contact use to scale the activity. Examples
include climbing nets or bouldering walls.
FIG. 1 Fixed Apparatus
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FIG. 2 Resistance Apparatus
FIG. 3 Swinging Apparatus
5.2.5 Jumping Equipment—These pieces have various forms but all require the user to jump as part of the exercise. Examples
include step platforms and jump touch beams.
5.2.6 Balance Beams—These pieces are narrow surfaces intended for balancing activities.
5.3 Resistance Apparatus—Equipment designed/intended for strength/resistance training that lifts the user or provides resistive
loads that must be overcome to move the engagement means.
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5.3.1 For equipment that lifts the user, handles or other end effectors are connected by joints and linkages to a seat or platform
on which a user rests; when operated, the user is lifted to generate resistance against movement of the end effector. Examples
include chest presses, lat pulls, leg presses.
5.4 Swinging Apparatus—Equipment with moving parts intended for motion simulation exercise that may or may not lift the user
but potentially utilizes rapid cyclical movement of equipment joints and linkages. Examples include ellipticals, airwalkers, stepper
machines.
6. Materials and Construction
6.1 General Requirements—Outdoor fitness equipment shall be manufactured and constructed only of materials that have a
demonstrated durability in an outdoor setting. Any new materials being considered by manufacturers shall be tested accordingly
for durability by the outdoor fitness equipment manufacturer. When choosing materials, the manufacturer should take into account
entrapment and entanglement hazards that can occur through distortion and degradation of materials during use or from
environmental factors and or vandalism.
6.1.1 Metals shall be protected from rust or corrosion by painting, powder coating, galvanizing, or through other treatments.
Plastics and other materials that experience ultraviolet (UV) degradation shall be protected against ultraviolet light through coating
or other protective means.
6.1.2 Regardless of the material or the treatment process, the manufacturer shall ensure that all materials comply with the
Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act of 2008 (CPSIA) (this includes but is not limited to coating and substrate) or other
applicable standards in effect in the country of installation.
6.1.3 Wood intended for outdoor fitness equipment that is not naturally rot and insect-resistant shall be treated to resist rot and
insect attack. Any wood not naturally rot and insect-resistant, which has any fabrication up to 150 mm (5.9 in.) above or below
the level of the protective surface of the installation, shall be treated after the wood fabrication. Deviations shall have independent
documentation of durability. Chromated copper arsenate (CCA), creosote, pentachlorophenol, tributyl tin oxide, and surface
coatings that contain pesticides shall not be used for outdoor fitness equipment. Wood treaters and outdoor fitness equipment
manufacturers shall practice technologies and procedures that minimize the level of dislodgeable toxin.
6.1.3.1 Wood components shall be designed in such a manner that precipitation can drain off freely and not accumulate or pool
on the wood surface.
6.1.3.2 Wood surfaces shall be of materials constructed, finished and maintained to minimize the tendency for splintering.
6.1.3.3 Metal fastening systems used in wood structures or apparatus shall consider the wood treatment process of the wood
material and be of suitable material to resist corrosion when exposed to the wood material and the environment.
6.1.3.4 Plywood shall be exterior or marine grade and be protected from exposure to moisture.
6.2 Fasteners:
6.2.1 All fasteners, connecting, and covering devices shall be inherently corrosion resistant or be provided with a corrosion-
resistant coating.
6.2.2 When installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions, fasteners, connecting, and covering devices shall not
loosen or be removable without the use of tools. Lock washers, self-locking nuts, or other locking means shall be provided for all
nuts and bolts to protect them from detachment. Hardware in moving joints shall also be secured against unintentional loosening.
6.2.3 Hooks and connecting devices shall be subject to the requirements of Sections 7 and 8.
6.3 Moving suspended components shall be connected to the fixed support with bearings or bearing surfaces that serve to reduce
friction or wear.
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6.4 Steel cable that is permanently affixed to a hanger assembly performs as a bearing surface. Cable ends should be inaccessible
or capped to prevent injury from frayed wires. Cables and steel-cored ropes should be protected to prevent fraying, loosening,
unraveling, or excessive shifting of joints.
6.5 Plastic, rubber and other synthetic materials shall be specified with consideration given to environmental degradation. These
components shall be designed and installed where inspection can be performed easily.
7. Design and Performance Requirements
7.1 General Requirements—Unless otherwise stated, outdoor fitness equipment shall meet the requirements set forth in this
specification.
7.2 Outdoor fitness equipment represented as complying with this specification shall meet all applicable requirements specified
herein. Anyone representing compliance with this specification shall keep such essential records as are necessary to document any
claim that the requirements within this specification have been met.
7.3 Outdoor fitness equipment shall be anchored to the ground and not intended to be moved from its installation point during use
or by the user.
7.4 Support:
7.4.1 Outdoor fitness equipment shall support the user and any additional loads applied by the user in normal operation without
breakage.
7.4.2 Loading requirements for outdoor fitness equipment are set forth in Section 8 of this specification.
7.5 Edges, Corners, and Tube Ends:
7.5.1 General—There shall be no accessible sharp points or sharp edges on outdoor fitness equipment.
7.5.2 Edges—All edges in accessible areas shall be free of burrs and sharp edges.
7.5.3 Corners—All corners in accessible areas shall be radiused or chamfered.
7.5.4 Tube Ends—The exposed open ends of all tubing shall be provided with caps or plugs that cannot be removed without the
use of tools.
7.6 Protrusions—Protrusion hazards shall not be present on outdoor fitness equipment.
7.6.1 Three projection test gauges (shown in Fig. A1.10) and a projection gauge (shown in Fig. A1.11) are required to determine
whether projections are protrusions. Their use is described in this section.
7.6.2 Accessible Projections—A projection is not accessible and is not a protrusion when it is recessed or located in such a manner
that will not allow any of the projection test gauges to be placed over it. Any of the conditions described in the remainder of this
section constitute a protrusion hazard.
7.6.3 Determining Whether a Projection is a Protrusion—Successively place each of three gauges (see Fig. A1.10) over each
accessible projection in all orientations (see Fig. A1.12 and Fig. A1.13). Determine whether the projection extends beyond the face
of any gauge. The projection fails the test and is a protrusion if it extends beyond the face of any of the three gauges.
7.7 Entanglement—Entanglement hazards 610 mm (24 in.) or higher from the ground surface shall not be present on outdoor
fitness equipment.
7.7.1 Three test gauges, a feeler gauge, and the means to accurately measure a 3.0 mm (0.12 in.) extension are required to
determine whether entanglement hazards exist. Any of the conditions described in this section constitutes an entanglement hazard.
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7.7.1.1 A projection that meets both of the following requirements is an entanglement hazard:
(1) One of the three projection gauges (see Fig. A1.10) passes over the projection and contacts the initial surface.
(2) The projection extends perpendicular (65°) from the initial surface more than 3.0 mm (0.12 in.). The thickness of the
projection gauge (see Fig. A1.11) may be used to measure the 3.0 mm (0.12 in.) extension.
7.7.2 Projections from a Horizontal Plane—A projection that meets the conditions of 7.7.1.1(1) and (2) and which also projects
upwards from a horizontal plane (see Figs. A1.14-A1.16) is an entanglement hazard.
7.7.3 Exposed Bolt End Projections—Any accessible bolt end projecting beyond the face of the nut more than two full threads is
an entanglement hazard (see Fig. A1.16(6)). A bolt end is inaccessible and not an entanglement hazard when the bolt end is
recessed and the 89 mm (3.5 in.) OD projection gauge (see Fig. A1.10) cannot be made to contact the bolt end when the outside
curve of the gauge is placed flat against the recessed area (see Fig. A1.15).
7.7.4 Projections Which Increase in Size—Any projection which fits within any of the three projection test gauges (see Fig. A1.10)
and where the increase in size extends greater than 3.0 mm (0.12 in.) from the initial surface with a depth greater than 3.0 mm
(0.12 in.) is an entanglement hazard (see Fig. A1.16).
7.7.5 Connecting Devices—Connecting devices such as, but not limited to, quick links, when properly closed, are not
entanglement hazards. These connectors are considered closed when there is no gap or space greater than 1.0 mm (0.04 in.) when
measured with a feeler gauge.
7.8 Guarding and Entrapment in Accessible Areas:
7.8.1 General—Shear, pull-in and crush points shall be avoided or guarded. There shall be no crush or shear points caused by
junctures of two components moving relative to one another, or at an opening present at the junction of a stationary support and
a rigid supporting member for a swinging component while the swinging components travel through their complete range of travel.
A crush or shear point is any point that entraps at one or more positions a 25.00 mm (0.98 in.) diameter rod.
7.8.2 To reduce the likelihood of unintentional contact with a crush or shear point, an opening shall comply with either 7.8.2.1
or 7.8.2.2.
7.8.2.1 An opening with a minor dimension of less than 25 mm (1.0 in.) is acceptable if a finger probe (as illustrated in Fig. A1.17),
when inserted into an opening, cannot be made to touch any crush or shear point. The probe shall be applied in all possible
positions (Fig. A1.18) with an application force not to exceed 4 N (1 lb).
7.8.2.2 An opening in an enclosure with a minor dimension of 25 mm (1.0 in.) or more, shall require that the crush or shear point
be located at a distance as specified in Table 1 from the plane of the opening. An enclosure in this case covers a crush or shear
point.
7.8.3 Component(s) Moving Past Fixed Component(s)—If during the intended operation or adjustment, a component moves past
a fixed component in such a manner that no shear or crush points are created, then the spacing between the fixed component and
the moving component shall be less than 8 mm (0.32 in.) or greater than 25 mm (0.98 in.). If during the intended operation or
TABLE 1 Minimum Acceptable Distance from an Opening to a
Crush or Shear Point
A
Minimum Dimension of Opening, Minimum Distance from Opening
B
mm (in.), ±0.05
to Part, mm (in.)
25 (1) 165 (6.5)
32 (1.25) 190 (7.5)
38 (1.5) 318 (12.5)
48 (1.875) 394 (15.5)
54 (2.125) 445 (17.5)
More than 54 (2.125) 762 (30)
and less than 152 (6)
A
See 7.8.2.2.
B
Between 25 and 64 mm (1 and 2.5 in.) interpolation is used to determine values
specified in the table.
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adjustment, a component moves past a fixed component in such a manner that a scissors action is created, then the spacing between
the fixed component and the moving component shall be 60.0 mm (2.4 in.) or greater.
7.8.4 Component(s) Moving in Proximity to the Ground—If during the intended operation or adjustment, a component moves past
or towards the ground then the spacing between the component and the ground shall be greater than 60.0 mm (2.4 in.). If the
vertically moving components are outside the user’s field of view then the distance between the parts and the ground shall be a
minimum of 110 mm (4.3 in.).
7.8.5 Component Stops—Stops for moving components shall be guarded or inaccessible. This guarding shall not create shear
points, crush points.
7.8.6 Head and Neck Entrapment—Outdoor fitness equipment shall be designed, constructed and assembled so that any accessible
opening shall meet the performance and testing requirements set forth below. Completely and partially bounded openings below
610 mm (24 in.) are exempt from this requirement.
7.8.6.1 Outdoor fitness equipment shall meet the following performance requirements to reduce the risk of accidental head or neck
entrapment by either a head-first or feet-first entry into the opening. Openings between the protective surfacing and the bottom edge
of the equipment (that is, rails, platforms, steps, and so forth) are exempt from this requirement as indicated by Fig. A1.1.
(1) Accessible Openings—A completely bounded rigid opening is accessible when a torso test probe (see Fig. A1.2) can be
inserted into the opening to a depth of 102 mm (4.0 in.) or more.
(2) Test Procedure for Completely Bounded Rigid Openings—Place the torso probe (see Fig. A1.2) in the opening with the
plane of the base of the probe parallel to the plane of the opening; rotate the probe to its most adverse orientation (that is, major
axis of the base of the probe parallel to the major axis of opening). If the torso probe can be inserted into the opening to a depth
of 102 mm (4.0 in.) or more, place the head probe (see Fig. A1.3) in the opening with the plane of the base of the probe parallel
to the plane of the opening. An opening passes this test if (1) the opening does not admit the torso probe when it is rotated to any
orientation about its own axis, or (2) the opening admits the torso probe and also admits the head probe. An opening fails the test
if the opening admits the torso probe but does not admit the head probe.
7.8.6.2 Boundaries of Large Openings—If the opening admits the 229-mm (9.0-in.) head probe, each portion of its boundary shall
be evaluated for partially bounded opening requirements of 7.8.6.3.
7.8.6.3 Partially Bounded Openings:
(1) A partially bounded opening is considered accessible when any of the following conditions exist, and must meet the
performance requirements as recommended in 7.8.6.3(2) and 7.8.6.3(3).
(2) If the unbounded part of a partially bounded opening is between 47.6 mm (1.875 6 0.005 in.) and 229 mm (9.0 in.) in width
when measured perpendicular to each surface, the opening can be considered accessible and must meet the conditions of 7.8.6.3(3).
(3) Test Method—The “A” portion of the test template (Fig. A1.4) is to be inserted along the centerline of the opening
(determine the most adverse condition) (see Fig. A1.5) so that the centerline of the template follows the centerline of the opening
and the plane of the template is parallel to the plane of the opening until the motion is arrested by contact between the test template
and the boundaries of the opening. By visual inspection, determine if there is simultaneous contact between the sides of the
template. If simultaneous contact is made the opening is accessible and must be tested using the “B” portion of the test template
(see Fig. A1.6).
FIG. 4 Ground Clearance 60 mm (2.4 in.)
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FIG. 5 Pendular Motion Machine
(4) If the angle test template “A” indicates failure, check for an exempted thick surface condition by positioning the plane of
the “B” portion of the test template between and perpendicular to the plane of the boundaries of the opening (see Fig. A1.7 and
Fig. A1.9). If the test template fits completely within the boundaries of the opening, the opening is considered hazardous and fails
the test unless it allows full passage of the 229 mm (9.0 in.) head probe (see Fig. A1.8). If the template does not fit down within
the boundaries of the opening (defined as the opening outlined by the contact points of the test template “A”) the opening is not
considered accessible.
(5) The test template is divided into two sections. Section “A” is used first to determine accessibility. Section “B” is used to
determine if the thickness of the material or the location of the opening prevents access to the opening. The thickness of 19.1 mm
(0.75 in.) for the template itself is based on half of the neck depth of a 5th percentile two year old minus compression.
7.9 Pendular, Pivoting or Swinging Motion—Outdoor fitness equipment that functions with a swinging or pendular motion shall
be fitted with dampened end-stops or other appropriate movement limitation systems. End-stops shall be kept inaccessible. The
portion of the equipment going through pendular motion shall not exceed a range of motion of over 70°. See Fig. 5.
7.9.1 Materials subject to loss of impact attenuation shall be addressed by the manufacturer per maintenance requirements
specified in Section 12.
7.9.2 Suspended Components—Suspended components, such as rings on upper body equipment, shall be smoothly finished and
have a minimum radius of 6.35 mm (0.25 in.) on all corners and edges.
7.9.3 Bearing Surfaces—All pivot points shall be designed with load and environment appropriate bearing materials.
7.10 Adjustment and Locking Means—All adjustment and locking means shall function securely at all adjustment positions. The
possibility of inadvertent disengagement shall be reduced by spring retention, clamps, or other means.
7.10.1 Adjustment knobs and levers shall not interfere with the user’s range of movement.
7.11 Handgrips/Foot Support:
7.11.1 General—Handgrips and foot supports on outdoor fitness equipment shall not create protrusions or entrapment hazards If
surfaces are intended to be gripped for the execution of the exercise then they shall have a cross sectional dimension greater than
16.00 mm (0.63 in.) in any direction. Functional training grips are exempt from these requirements. Material used for gripping
surfaces shall take into consideration environmental degradation and vandalism.
7.11.2 Integral Handgrips—Integral handgrips, if required for proper use as defined by the manufacturer, shall be conspicuous and
shall reduce slippage during normal use and not create entrapment or entanglement points.
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7.11.3 Applied Handgrips—Applied handgrips shall be of a material that reduces slippage and shall withstand an applied force of
90 N (20.2 lb) without movement in the direction of the applied force.
7.11.4 Rotating Handgrips—Rotating handgrips shall be constrained against lateral movement along their rotational axis and be
constructed of a material that reduces slippage.
7.11.5 Foot Supports—Bars or plates intended to support the user’s feet during exercise shall be fitted with or be of a material or
surface type or configuration that reduces slippage.
7.11.5.1 Foot Supports on Swinging Apparatus—On outdoor fitness equipment that is intended to be set in motion by the user
(ellipticals, air walkers, etc. where body weight is mainly supported on the foot supports) the foot support shall have a minimum
support surface of 320.0 mm × 120.0 mm (12.6 in. × 4.7 in.) and include an edge surface of at least 10.00 mm (0.39 in.) around
three sides of the foot support to assist in preventing the user’s foot from slipping off. Circular footrests shall be at least 250.0 mm
(9.8 in.) in diameter and shall not be built with a foot holder. The footrest system shall be designed in a way that ensures the user’s
feet cannot get trapped, enabling the user to freely step off the equipment at any point in the movement.
7.12 Load Development and Load Transmitting Components—Load development and load transmitting components, including all
attachment devices (links, shackles, end fittings, and termination means) shall not fail with a load equal to five times the maximum
static tension developed by the machine during normal operation.
7.13 Engagement Means—All portions of the equipment designed or intended to be used by the user of the equipment shall meet
the intrinsic and or extrinsic loading parameters set forth in section 8 of this standard.
7.14 Ropes, Belts, Cables, or Other Load Transmitting Means:
7.14.1 General—Ropes, belts, cables, and other means, including all attachment devices (links, shackles, end fittings, and
termination means) shall not fail with a load equal to five times the maximum static tension developed by the machine during
operation and shall pass the endurance guidelines set forth in Section 8. All end terminations shall not be subjected to cyclic
bending under normal and intended machine operation as defined by the manufacturer. Exposed ends or strands of cables or wire
ropes shall be protected or flush with the ferrule so that puncture or entrapment cannot occur.
7.14.2 The metals used in cables shall be corrosion resistant.
7.14.3 Cables or ropes used for climbing shall be restrained at both ends.
7.14.3.1 Rope or cable with a length of 178.0 mm (7.0 in.) or less may be attached at one end only or shall be fixed at both ends
and not be capable of being looped back on itself, creating an inside loop perimeter greater than 127.0 mm (5.0 in.) Multiple
lengths of such cords that can contact each other would be treated as one length of cord.
7.15 Support Posts and Foundations for outdoor fitness equipment shall not pose a tripping hazard.
7.16 Fall Height Requirements—The fall height of outdoor fitness equipment shall be the distance between the highest designated
use surface and the protective surface below.
7.16.1 Equipment support posts with no designated use surfaces have no fall height requirement.
7.16.2 Equipment where the user is in a standing, sitting, or lying position, and has a fall height less than or equal to 1000 mm
(39.4 in.) does not require impact attenuating surfacing. Examples include Racks/Benches and Push-Up Bars less than or equal to
1000 mm (39.4 in.).
7.16.3 Upper body equipment, climbing equipment, jumping equipment, and balance beams require impact attenuating surfacing
that conforms to Specification F1292 appropriate for the fall height of the equipment.
7.17 Design for Accessibility—Outdoor fitness equipment designed for accessibility by users with functional limitations or
impairments shall meet additional criteria outlined in Specification F3021.
F3101 − 21a
8. Structural Integrity
8.1 Setup and procedures for the structural integrity tests are set forth in the test method and are intended to be conducted by
manufacturers on equipment at a test site or their facility and are not intended to be performed on equipment installed in the use
zone or as part of a routine maintenance program.
8.2 Loading Test Criteria:
8.2.1 The test load shall be applied as defined in Test Methods F2571 through appropriate load distribution devices.
8.2.2 After conducting the tests there shall be no visible crack or breakage of any component and no form of permanent
deformation of any component that may adversely affect the structural integrity or safe use of the equipment. If the deformation
results in clearances falling below those specified in section 6 and elsewhere in this document (or the other referenced documents)
then the safety of the apparatus or equipment shall be deemed compromised. After removal of the load, hooks, shackles, rings, or
links shall not have opened to more than 1.02 mm (0.04 in.).
8.3 Intrinsic Loading—All user supporting surfaces for outdoor fitness equipment shall be able to withstand static loads equal to
a safety factor of 4 times the greater of 135.0 kg (297.0 lb), or the maximum specified user weight, as set forth by the manufacturer,
at the point of user contact without breakage. If there are multiple user contact surfaces or if the equipment is designed for more
than one user at a given time then the equipment shall be subjected to multiple loads dependent on the maximum number of
intended users.
8.4 Extrinsic Loading—The fitness equipment and user supports shall not break when loaded by the maximum specified user(s)
weight and the maximum extrinsic load as specified by the manufacturer.
8.4.1 The test load to be applied for 8.4 is specified by the following equation:
F 5 4~W 1 1.5 F ! (1)
test p a
where:
F = the total reactionary load to be applied during the test, expressed in kilograms or pounds depending on the values W and
test p
F ,
a
F = the maximum extrinsic load at the point of user contact with the machine for the maximum capacity of the machine as
a
stated by the manufacturer, expressed in kilograms or pounds,
W =
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