ASTM D6186-19
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Oxidation Induction Time of Lubricating Oils by Pressure Differential Scanning Calorimetry (PDSC)
Standard Test Method for Oxidation Induction Time of Lubricating Oils by Pressure Differential Scanning Calorimetry (PDSC)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Oxidation induction time, as determined under the conditions of this test method, may be used as an indication of oxidation stability.2 This test method is faster than other oil oxidation tests and requires a very small amount of sample. It may be used for research and development, quality control, and specification purposes. However, no correlation has been established between the results of this test method and service performance.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of oxidation induction time of lubricating oils subjected to oxygen at 3.5 MPa (500 psig) and temperatures between 130 °C and 210 °C.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.2.1 Exception—Pressure measurement appears in MPa with psig provided in parentheses for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D6186 − 19
Standard Test Method for
Oxidation Induction Time of Lubricating Oils by Pressure
1
Differential Scanning Calorimetry (PDSC)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6186; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 3. Summary of Test Method
1.1 This test method covers the determination of oxidation 3.1 Asmall quantity of oil is weighed into a sample pan and
induction time of lubricating oils subjected to oxygen at placed in a test cell. The cell is heated to a specified
3.5 MPa (500 psig) and temperatures between 130 °C and temperature and then pressurized with oxygen. The cell is held
210 °C. at a regulated temperature and pressure until an exothermic
reaction occurs. The extrapolated onset time is measured and
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
reported as the oxidation induction time for the lubricating oil
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
at the specified test temperature.
standard.
1.2.1 Exception—Pressure measurement appears in MPa
4. Significance and Use
with psig provided in parentheses for information only.
4.1 Oxidation induction time, as determined under the
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
conditions of this test method, may be used as an indication of
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
2
oxidation stability. This test method is faster than other oil
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
oxidation tests and requires a very small amount of sample. It
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
maybeusedforresearchanddevelopment,qualitycontrol,and
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
specification purposes. However, no correlation has been
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
established between the results of this test method and service
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
performance.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
5. Apparatus
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
5.1 Pressure Differential Scanning Calorimeter (PDSC),
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
equipped with the following items:
5.1.1 Sample Enclosure, with capability to 3.5 MPa 6
2. Terminology
0.2 MPa (500 psig 6 25 psig) at 210 °C and pressure gauge
2.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
graduated at intervals of 200 KPa (28.6 psig) or less.
2.1.1 extrapolated onset time, n—a time determined on a
5.1.2 Thermal Analyzer.
thermal curve, as the intersection of the extrapolated baseline
5.1.3 Aluminum Solid Fat Index (SFI) Sample Pan—See
and a line tangent to the oxidation exotherm constructed at its
Note 1.
maximum rate.
5.1.4 Oxidation Stability Software.
2.1.2 oxidation induction time, (OIT), n—a period of time
5.1.5 Calibration Software.
during which the oxidation rate accelerates from zero to a
5.1.6 Calibrated Flowmeter, with a capacity of at least
maximum and which corresponds to the extrapolated onset
200 mL⁄min and graduated in intervals of 5 mL or less.
time.
5.1.7 Sample Encapsulation Press.
2.1.3 thermal curve, n—a graph of sample heat flow versus
NOTE 1—It has been found that when oil samples are prepared with SFI
time.
pans which have more consistent surface areas than standard flat bottom
pans, reproducibility is improved.
NOTE 2—Stainless steel or copper tubing is compatible with oxygen.
NOTE 3—See Fig. 1 for a diagram of a typical test unit.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D02.09.0D on Oxidation of Lubricants.
2
Current edition approved July 1, 2019. Published August 2019. Originally Rhee, In-Sik, “Development of New Oxidation Stability Test Method for
approved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as D6186 – 08 (2013). Lubricating Oils Using a Pressure Differential Scanning Calorimeter (PDSC),”
DOI: 10.1520/D6186-19. NLGI Spokesman, Vol 65, No. 3, June 2001, pp. 16–23.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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D6186 − 19
FIG. 1 PDSC Test Unit
6. Rea
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D6186 − 08 (Reapproved 2013) D6186 − 19
Standard Test Method for
Oxidation Induction Time of Lubricating Oils by Pressure
1
Differential Scanning Calorimetry (PDSC)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6186; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the determination of oxidation induction time of lubricating oils subjected to oxygen at 3.5 MPa
(500 psig) 3.5 MPa (500 psig) and temperatures between 130130 °C and 210°C.210 °C.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.2.1 Exception—Pressure measurement appears in MPa with psig provided in parentheses for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Terminology
2.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
2.1.1 extrapolated onset time, n—a time determined on a thermal curve, as the intersection of the extrapolated baseline and a
line tangent to the oxidation exotherm constructed at its maximum rate.
2.1.2 oxidation induction time, (OIT), n—a period of time during which the oxidation rate accelerates from zero to a maximum
and which corresponds to the extrapolated onset time.
2.1.3 thermal curve, n—a graph of sample heat flow versus time.
3. Summary of Test Method
3.1 A small quantity of oil is weighed into a sample pan and placed in a test cell. The cell is heated to a specified temperature
and then pressurized with oxygen. The cell is held at a regulated temperature and pressure until an exothermic reaction occurs. The
extrapolated onset time is measured and reported as the oxidation induction time for the lubricating oil at the specified test
temperature.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 Oxidation induction time, as determined under the conditions of this test method, may be used as an indication of oxidation
2
stability. This test method is faster than other oil oxidation tests and requires a very small amount of sample. It may be used for
research and development, quality control, and specification purposes. However, no correlation has been established between the
results of this test method and service performance.
5. Apparatus
5.1 Pressure Differential Scanning Calorimeter (PDSC), equipped with the following items:
5.1.1 Sample Enclosure, with capability to 3.5 6 0.2 MPa (500 6 25 psig) at 210°C3.5 MPa 6 0.2 MPa (500 psig 6 25 psig)
at 210 °C and pressure gauge graduated at intervals of 200 KPa (28.6 psig) 200 KPa (28.6 psig) or less.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.09.0D on Oxidation of Lubricants.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2013July 1, 2019. Published December 2013August 2019. Originally approved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 20082013 as
D6186 – 08.D6186 – 08 (2013). DOI: 10.1520/D6186-08R13.10.1520/D6186-19.
2
Rhee, In-Sik, “Development of New Oxidation Stability Test Method for Lubricating Oils Using a Pressure Differential Scanning Calorimeter (PDSC),” NLGI
Spokesman, Vol 65, No. 3, June 2001, pp. 16–23.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6186 − 19
FIG. 1 PDSC Test Unit
5.1.2 Thermal Analyzer.
5.1.3 Aluminum Solid Fat Index (SFI) Sample Pan—See Note 1.
5.1.4 Oxidation Stability Software.
5.1.5 Calibration Software.
5.1.6 Calibrated Flowmeter, with a capacity of at least 200200 mL mL/min ⁄min and graduated in intervals of 5 mL 5 mL or
less.
5.1.7
...
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