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ASTM D2885-03

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Determination of Octane Number of Spark-Ignition Engine Fuels by On-Line Direct Comparison Technique

Standard Test Method for Determination of Octane Number of Spark-Ignition Engine Fuels by On-Line Direct Comparison Technique

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The delta octane number (ΔO.N.) measure can quantify the difference of in-line blended spark-ignition engine fuel or process stream material octane number to a desired octane number to aid in optimizing control of blender facilities or refinery process units.
The ΔO.N. measure, summed with a statistically sound comparison reference fuels O.N. provides either research or motor octane number value of the current in-line blended spark-ignition engine fuel or process stream material.
Through the use of cumulative flow-weighted averaging of the repetitive ΔO.N. results, a statistically significant octane number can be assigned to a tender or batch of in-line blended spark-ignition engine fuel.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the quantitative on-line determination by direct comparison of the difference in knock rating or delta octane number of a stream sample of spark-ignition engine fuel from that of a comparison reference fuel.
1.2 This test method covers the methodology for obtaining an octane number using the measured delta octane number and the octane number of the comparison reference fuel.
1.3 The comparison reference fuel is required to be of essentially the same composition as the stream sample to be analyzed and can be a secondary fuel termed standard fuel or a tertiary fuel termed prototype fuel.
1.4 The test method utilizes a knock testing unit/automated analyzer system that incorporates computer control of a standardized single-cylinder, four-stroke cycle, variable compression ratio, carbureted, CFR engine with appropriate auxiliary equipment using either Test Method D 2699 Research method or Test Method D 2700 Motor method operating conditions.
1.4.1 Knock measurements are based on operation of both fuels at the specific fuel-air ratio that produces maximum knock intensity for that fuel.
1.4.2 Measured differences in knock intensity are scaled to provide a positive or negative delta octane number of the stream sample from the comparison reference fuel when the fuels are compared at the same compression ratio.
1.4.3 Measured differences in compression ratio are scaled to provide a positive or negative delta octane number of the stream sample from the comparison reference fuel when the fuels are compared at the same knock intensity.
1.5 This test method is limited to testing 78 to 102 octane number spark-ignition engine fuels using either research or motor method conditions.
1.6 The octane number difference between the stream sample and the applicable comparison reference fuel is self-limiting by specifications imposed upon the standard and prototype fuels.
1.7 Specifications for selection, preparation, storage, and dispensing of standard and prototype fuels are provided. Detailed procedures for determination of an appropriate assigned octane number for both standard and prototype fuels are also incorporated.
1.8 The values of operating conditions are stated in SI units and are considered standard. The values in parentheses are historical inch-pound units. The standardized CFR engine measurements continue to be expressed in inch-pound units only because of the extensive and expensive tooling that has been created for this equipment.
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For more specific hazard statements, see Section 8 and Annex A1.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-May-2003
ICS
75.160.20 - Liquid fuels
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.01 - Combustion Characteristics
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D2885-95(1999) - Standard Test Method for Research and Motor Method Octane Ratings Using On-Line Analyzers
Effective Date
10-May-2003
Replaced By
ASTM D2885-08 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Octane Number of Spark-Ignition Engine Fuels by On-Line Direct Comparison Technique
Effective Date
01-Jul-2008
Referred By
ASTM D2699-23 - Standard Test Method for Research Octane Number of Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
Effective Date
10-May-2003
Referred By
ASTM D2700-23 - Standard Test Method for Motor Octane Number of Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
Effective Date
10-May-2003
Referred By
ASTM D4814-23 - Standard Specification for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
Effective Date
10-May-2003

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ASTM D2885-03 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Octane Number of Spark-Ignition Engine Fuels by On-Line Direct Comparison TechniqueASTM D2885-03 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Octane Number of Spark-Ignition Engine Fuels by On-Line Direct Comparison Technique
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ASTM D2885-03 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Octane Number of Spark-Ignition Engine Fuels by On-Line Direct Comparison Technique
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
An American National Standard
Designation: D 2885 – 03
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Octane Number of Spark-Ignition Engine
1
Fuels by On-Line Direct Comparison Technique
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2885; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope 1.7 Specifications for selection, preparation, storage, and
dispensing of standard and prototype fuels are provided.
1.1 This test method covers the quantitative on-line deter-
Detailed procedures for determination of an appropriate as-
minationbydirectcomparisonofthedifferenceinknockrating
signedoctanenumberforbothstandardandprototypefuelsare
or delta octane number of a stream sample of spark-ignition
also incorporated.
engine fuel from that of a comparison reference fuel.
1.8 The values of operating conditions are stated in SI units
1.2 This test method covers the methodology for obtaining
and are considered standard. The values in parentheses are
anoctanenumberusingthemeasureddeltaoctanenumberand
historical inch-pound units. The standardized CFR engine
the octane number of the comparison reference fuel.
measurements continue to be expressed in inch-pound units
1.3 The comparison reference fuel is required to be of
only because of the extensive and expensive tooling that has
essentially the same composition as the stream sample to be
been created for this equipment.
analyzed and can be a secondary fuel termed standard fuel or
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the
a tertiary fuel termed prototype fuel.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1.4 The test method utilizes a knock testing unit/automated
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
analyzer system that incorporates computer control of a stan-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
dardized single-cylinder, four-stroke cycle, variable compres-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For more specific
sion ratio, carbureted, CFR engine with appropriate auxiliary
hazard statements, see Section 8 and Annex A1.
equipment using either Test Method D2699 Research method
or Test Method D2700 Motor method operating conditions.
2. Referenced Documents
1.4.1 Knock measurements are based on operation of both
2.1 ASTM Standards:
fuels at the specific fuel-air ratio that produces maximum
2
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
knock intensity for that fuel.
D2699 Test Method for Research Octane Number of
1.4.2 Measured differences in knock intensity are scaled to
3
Spark-Ignition Fuels
provide a positive or negative delta octane number of the
D2700 Test Method for Motor Octane Number of Spark-
stream sample from the comparison reference fuel when the
3
Ignition Engine Fuel
fuels are compared at the same compression ratio.
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
1.4.3 Measured differences in compression ratio are scaled
4
Petroleum Products
to provide a positive or negative delta octane number of the
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum, Petroleum
stream sample from the comparison reference fuel when the
4
Products, and Lubricants
fuels are compared at the same knock intensity.
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
1.5 This test method is limited to testing 78 to 102 octane
4
Petroleum Products
number spark-ignition engine fuels using either research or
D4814 SpecificationforAutomotiveSpark-IgnitionEngine
motor method conditions.
4
Fuel
1.6 The octane number difference between the stream
D6299 Practice forApplying Statistical QualityAssurance
sample and the applicable comparison reference fuel is self-
Techniques to Evaluate Analytical Measurement System
limiting by specifications imposed upon the standard and
5
Performance
prototype fuels.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
2
PetroleumProductsandLubricantsandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommittee Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.01.
3
D02.01 on Combustion Characteristics. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.05.
4
Current edition approved May 10, 2003. Published July 2003. Originally Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.02.
5
approved in 1970. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as D2885–95 (1999). Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.03.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D2885–03
D6624 Practice for Determining a Flow-Proportioned
...

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5.1 This guide is intended for the developers or sponsors of new aviation gasolines or additives to describe the data requirements necessary to support the development of specifications for these new products by ASTM members. The ultimate goal of the data generated in accordance with this guide is to provide an understanding of the performance of the new fuel or additive within the property constraints and compositional bounds of the proposed specification criteria.  
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1.1 This guide provides procedures to develop data for use in research reports for new aviation gasolines or new aviation gasoline additives.  
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1.3 These research reports are intended to support the development and issuance of new specifications or specification revisions for these products. Guidance to develop ASTM International standard specifications for aviation gasoline is provided in Subcommittee J on Aviation Fuels Operating Procedures, Annex A6, “Guidelines for the Development and Acceptance of a New Aviation Fuel Specification for Spark-Ignition Reciprocating Engines.”  
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5.1 Some acids can be present in aviation turbine fuels due either to the acid treatment during the refining process or to naturally occurring organic acids. Significant acid contamination is not likely to be present because of the many check tests made during the various stages of refining. However, trace amounts of acid can be present and are undesirable because of the consequent tendencies of the fuel to corrode metals that it contacts or to impair the water separation characteristics of the aviation turbine fuel.  
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5.1 The tendency of a fuel to vaporize in automotive engine fuel systems is indicated by the vapor-liquid ratio of the fuel.  
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5.1 Wear due to excessive friction resulting in shortened life of engine components such as fuel pumps and fuel controls has sometimes been ascribed to lack of lubricity in an aviation fuel.  
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1.3 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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5.1 The boiling range distribution of FAMES provides an insight into the composition of product related to the transesterification process. This gas chromatographic determination of boiling range can be used to replace conventional distillation methods for product specification testing with the mutual agreement of interested parties.  
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Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils for Valve-Train Wear Performance in Cummins ISB Medium-Duty Diesel Engine

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method was developed to assess the performance of a heavy-duty engine oil in controlling engine wear under operating conditions selected to accelerate soot production and valve-train wear in a turbocharged and aftercooled four-cycle diesel engine with sliding tappet followers equipped with exhaust gas recirculation hardware.  
5.2 The design of the engine used in this test method is representative of many, but not all, modern diesel engines. This factor, along with the accelerated operating conditions, shall be considered when extrapolating test results.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method, commonly referred to as the Cummins ISB Test, covers the utilization of a modern, 5.9 L, diesel engine equipped with exhaust gas recirculation and is used to evaluate oil performance with regard to valve-train wear.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.2.1 Exceptions—SI units are provided for all parameters except where there is no direct equivalent such as the units for screw threads, National Pipe Threads/diameters, tubing size, or where there is a sole source of supply equipment specification.  
1.2.2 See also A7.1 for clarification; it does not supersede 1.2 and 1.2.1.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Annex A1 for general safety precautions.  
1.4 Table of Contents:    
Section  
Scope  
1  
Referenced Documents  
2  
Terminology  
3  
Summary of Test Method  
4  
Significance and Use  
5  
Apparatus  
6  
Engine Fluids and Cleaning Solvents  
7  
Preparation of Apparatus  
8  
Engine/Stand Calibration and Non-Reference Oil Tests  
9  
Test Procedure  
10  
Calculations, Ratings, and Test Validity  
11  
Report  
12  
Precision and Bias  
13  
Annexes  
Safety Precautions  
Annex A1  
Intake Air Aftercooler  
Annex A2  
The Cummins ISB Engine Build Parts Kit  
Annex A3  
Sensor Locations and Special Hardware  
Annex A4  
External Oil System  
Annex A5  
Cummins Service Publications  
Annex A6  
Specified Units and Formats  
Annex A7  
Oil Analyses  
Annex A8  
Alternate Fuel Approval Process  
Annex A9  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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  • Standard
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    English language
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