ASTM E8/E8M-13

Standard Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Tension tests provide information on the strength and ductility of materials under uniaxial tensile stresses. This information may be useful in comparisons of materials, alloy development, quality control, and design under certain circumstances.  
4.2 The results of tension tests of specimens machined to standardized dimensions from selected portions of a part or material may not totally represent the strength and ductility properties of the entire end product or its in-service behavior in different environments.  
4.3 These test methods are considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments. The test methods have been used extensively in the trade for this purpose.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the tension testing of metallic materials in any form at room temperature, specifically, the methods of determination of yield strength, yield point elongation, tensile strength, elongation, and reduction of area.  
1.2 The gauge lengths for most round specimens are required to be 4D for E8 and 5D for E8M. The gauge length is the most significant difference between E8 and E8M test specimens. Test specimens made from powder metallurgy (P/M) materials are exempt from this requirement by industry-wide agreement to keep the pressing of the material to a specific projected area and density.  
1.3 Exceptions to the provisions of these test methods may need to be made in individual specifications or test methods for a particular material. For examples, see Test Methods and Definitions A370 and Test Methods B557, and B557M.  
1.4 Room temperature shall be considered to be 10 to 38°C [50 to 100°F] unless otherwise specified.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as separate from inch/pound units. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-May-2013
• ICS: 77.040.10 - Mechanical testing of metals
• Technical Committee: E28 - Mechanical Testing
• Drafting Committee: E28.04 - Uniaxial Testing

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM E8/E8M-11 - Standard Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2013
• Referred By: ASTM G49-85(2019) - Standard Practice for Preparation and Use of Direct Tension Stress-Corrosion Test Specimens
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2013
• Referred By: ASTM B870-21 - Standard Specification for Copper-Beryllium Alloy Forgings and Extrusions (UNS Nos. C17500, C17510, and C17540)
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2013
• Referred By: ASTM B21/B21M-20 - Standard Specification for Naval Brass Rod, Bar, and Shapes
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2013
• Referred By: ASTM B906-22 - Standard Specification for General Requirements for Flat-Rolled Nickel and Nickel Alloys Plate, Sheet, and Strip
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2013
• Referred By: ASTM F2855-19 - Standard Specification for Chlorinated Poly(Vinyl Chloride)/Aluminum/Chlorinated Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (CPVC-AL-CPVC) Composite Pressure Tubing
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2013
• Referred By: ASTM B427-21 - Standard Specification for Gear Bronze Alloy Castings
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2013
• Referred By: ASTM A230/A230M-19 - Standard Specification for Steel Wire, Carbon Valve Spring Quality
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2013
• Referred By: ASTM A1034/A1034M-23 - Standard Test Methods for Testing Mechanical Splices for Steel Reinforcing Bars
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2013
• Referred By: ASTM B1011/B1011M-22 - Standard Specification for Cobalt Alloy Spring Wire
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2013
• Referred By: ASTM A888-21a - Standard Specification for Hubless Cast Iron Soil Pipe and Fittings for Sanitary and Storm Drain, Waste, and Vent Piping Applications
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2013
• Referred By: ASTM G107-95(2020)e1 - Standard Guide for Formats for Collection and Compilation of Corrosion Data for Metals for Computerized Database Input
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2013
• Referred By: ASTM E517-19 - Standard Test Method for Plastic Strain Ratio <emph type="bdit">r</emph> for Sheet Metal
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2013
• Referred By: ASTM B540-21 - Standard Specification for Palladium Electrical Contact Alloy
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2013
• Referred By: ASTM F3506-21e1 - Standard Specification for Standard Specification for Polyethylene of Raised Temperature/Aluminum/Polyethylene of Raised Temperature (PE-RT/AL/PE-RT) Composite Pressure Pipe based on Inner Diameter (ID) for use in Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Line Set Systems
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2013

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E8/E8M − 13 AmericanAssociation State
Highway and Transportation Officials Standard
AASHTO No.: T68
An American National Standard
Standard Test Methods for
1
Tension Testing of Metallic Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E8/E8M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 These test methods cover the tension testing of metallic 2.1 ASTM Standards:
materials in any form at room temperature, specifically, the A356/A356MSpecificationforSteelCastings,Carbon,Low
methods of determination of yield strength, yield point Alloy, and Stainless Steel, Heavy-Walled for Steam Tur-
elongation, tensile strength, elongation, and reduction of area. bines
A370Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing
1.2 The gauge lengths for most round specimens are re-
of Steel Products
quired to be 4D for E8 and 5D for E8M. The gauge length is
B557Test Methods for Tension Testing Wrought and Cast
the most significant difference between E8 and E8M test
Aluminum- and Magnesium-Alloy Products
specimens. Test specimens made from powder metallurgy
B557MTest Methods forTensionTestingWrought and Cast
(P/M) materials are exempt from this requirement by industry-
Aluminum- and Magnesium-Alloy Products (Metric)
wide agreement to keep the pressing of the material to a
E4Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
specific projected area and density.
E6Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing
1.3 Exceptions to the provisions of these test methods may
E29Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
needtobemadeinindividualspecificationsortestmethodsfor
Determine Conformance with Specifications
a particular material. For examples, see Test Methods and
E83Practice for Verification and Classification of Exten-
Definitions A370 and Test Methods B557, and B557M.
someter Systems
1.4 Room temperature shall be considered to be 10 to 38°C E345Test Methods of Tension Testing of Metallic Foil
E691Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
[50 to 100°F] unless otherwise specified.
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
E1012Practice for Verification of Testing Frame and Speci-
separate from inch/pound units. The values stated in each
men Alignment Under Tensile and Compressive Axial
system are not exact equivalents; therefore each system must
Force Application
beusedindependentlyoftheother.Combiningvaluesfromthe
D1566Terminology Relating to Rubber
two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
E1856GuideforEvaluatingComputerizedDataAcquisition
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Systems Used to Acquire Data from Universal Testing
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Machines
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3. Terminology
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.1 Definitions of Terms Common to Mechanical Testing—
3.1.1 The definitions of mechanical testing terms that ap-
pear in the Terminology E6 apply to this test method.
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E28 on
Mechanical Testing and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E28.04 on
2
Uniaxial Testing. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved June 1, 2013. Published August 2013. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1924. Last previous edition approved 2011 as E8/E8M–11. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/E0008_E0008M-13. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E8/E8M − 13
3.1.1.1 These terms include bending strain, constraint, the stress-strain curve at the point of inflection. If there is no
elongation, extensometer, force, gauge length, necking, re- pointatorneartheonsetofyieldingatwhichtheslopereaches
duced section, stress-strain diagram, testing machine, and zero, the material has 0% YPE.
–2
modulus of elasticity.
3.1.11 yield strength, YS or S [FL ],n—the engineering
y
3.1.2 In addition, the following common terms from Termi-
stress at which, by convention, it is cons
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E8/E8M − 11 E8/E8M − 13 American Association State
Highway and Transportation Officials Standard
AASHTO No.: T68
An American National Standard
Standard Test Methods for
1
Tension Testing of Metallic Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E8/E8M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 These test methods cover the tension testing of metallic materials in any form at room temperature, specifically, the methods
of determination of yield strength, yield point elongation, tensile strength, elongation, and reduction of area.
1.2 The gagegauge lengths for most round specimens are required to be 4D for E8 and 5D for E8M. The gagegauge length is
the most significant difference between E8 and E8M Test Specimenstest specimens. Test specimens made from powder metallurgy
(P/M) materials are exempt from this requirement by industry-wide agreement to keep the pressing of the material to a specific
projected area and density.
1.3 Exceptions to the provisions of these test methods may need to be made in individual specifications or test methods for a
particular material. For examples, see Test Methods and Definitions A370 and Test Methods B557, and B557M.
1.4 Room temperature shall be considered to be 10 to 38°C [50 to 100°F] unless otherwise specified.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as separate from inch/pound units. The values stated in each system are not
exact equivalents; therefore each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may
result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A356/A356M Specification for Steel Castings, Carbon, Low Alloy, and Stainless Steel, Heavy-Walled for Steam Turbines
A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products
B557 Test Methods for Tension Testing Wrought and Cast Aluminum- and Magnesium-Alloy Products
B557M Test Methods for Tension Testing Wrought and Cast Aluminum- and Magnesium-Alloy Products (Metric)
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
E6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications
E83 Practice for Verification and Classification of Extensometer Systems
E345 Test Methods of Tension Testing of Metallic Foil
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
E1012 Practice for Verification of Testing Frame and Specimen Alignment Under Tensile and Compressive Axial Force
Application
D1566 Terminology Relating to Rubber
E1856 Guide for Evaluating Computerized Data Acquisition Systems Used to Acquire Data from Universal Testing Machines
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E28 on Mechanical Testing and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E28.04 on Uniaxial
Testing.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2011June 1, 2013. Published February 2012August 2013. Originally approved in 1924. Last previous edition approved 20092011 as
E8/E8M – 09.E8/E8M – 11. DOI: 10.1520/E0008_E0008M-11.10.1520/E0008_E0008M-13.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E8/E8M − 13
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:Definitions of Terms Common to Mechanical Testing—
3.1.1 The definitions of terms relating to tension testing appearing in mechanical testing terms that appear in the Terminology
E6 shall be considered as applying to the terms used in these test
...