ASTM D828-22

Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Paper and Paperboard Using Constant-Rate-of-Elongation Apparatus

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The tensile properties measured in this test method are fundamental properties associated with the manufacture, or end use, or both, of paper and paper products. It is possible for products to be influenced by, or indicative of: the type fibers used or the treatment of the fibers, or both, in a particular paper: or of specific manufacturing procedures used in producing a specific paper or paper product. Likewise, it is possible for paper converting operations to significantly impact properties measured using this test method, and this test method is a possible tool to measure and understand such effects.  
4.2 Tensile strength is indicative of the serviceability of many papers, such as wrapping, bag, gummed tape, and cable wrapping, that are subjected to direct tensile stress. The tensile strength of printing papers is indicative of the potential resistance to web breaking during printing and other converting operations and during travel of the web from the roll through the equipment.  
4.3 Stretch, and sometimes tensile stiffness are indicative of the ability of the paper to conform to a desired contour. These are important properties of creped papers, towels, napkins, decorative papers, industrially used paper tapes (both creped and pleated), bags, and liners for cans, barrels, and cartons.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers procedures for determining tensile properties of paper and paperboard.  
1.2 The procedures given in this test method are for use with constant-rate-of-elongation tensile testing equipment and as such, are able to be used with instruments designed for either vertical or horizontal operation, and whether manually operated or computer controlled.  
1.3 These procedures are applicable for all types of paper, paperboard, paper products, and related materials within the measurement limitations of the equipment used. They are not for use with combined corrugated board.  
1.4 Properties able to be determined using this test method include tensile strength, stretch, tensile energy absorption, tensile stiffness, breaking length, and tensile index.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 30-Apr-2022
• ICS: 85.060 - Paper and board
• Technical Committee: D09 - Electrical and Electronic Insulating Materials
• Drafting Committee: D09.01 - Electrical Insulating Products

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D828 − 22
Standard Test Method for
Tensile Properties of Paper and Paperboard Using
1
Constant-Rate-of-Elongation Apparatus
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D828; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This test method covers procedures for determining
D585 Practice for Sampling and Accepting a Single Lot of
tensile properties of paper and paperboard.
Paper, Paperboard, Fiberboard, and Related Product
1.2 Theproceduresgiveninthistestmethodareforusewith 3
(Withdrawn 2010)
constant-rate-of-elongation tensile testing equipment and as
D685 Practice for Conditioning Paper and Paper Products
such, are able to be used with instruments designed for either
for Testing
vertical or horizontal operation, and whether manually oper-
D987 Test Method for Test for Stretch of Paper and Paper
3
ated or computer controlled.
Products Under Tension (Withdrawn 1968)
D1968 Terminology Relating to Paper and Paper Products
1.3 These procedures are applicable for all types of paper,
E122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate,With
paperboard, paper products, and related materials within the
Specified Precision, the Average for a Characteristic of a
measurement limitations of the equipment used. They are not
Lot or Process
for use with combined corrugated board.
1.4 Properties able to be determined using this test method 3. Terminology
include tensile strength, stretch, tensile energy absorption,
3.1 Definitions: For definitions of terms used in this test
tensile stiffness, breaking length, and tensile index.
method, refer to Terminology D1968 or the Dictionary of
4
Paper.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for
3.2.1 line contact grips, n—grips or jaws on a tensile testing
information only.
machine having a clamping zone for gripping the specimen
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
comprised of a cylindrical and a flat surface or two cylindrical
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
surfaces whose axes are parallel.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.2.2 paper, n—planar structures deposited from an aqueous
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
suspension that has a thickness less than 1 mm containing
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
organic material, nonorganic material, or a combination of the
1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
two.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
4. Significance and Use
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
4.1 The tensile properties measured in this test method are
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
fundamentalpropertiesassociatedwiththemanufacture,orend
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D09 on Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Electrical and Electronic Insulating Materials and is the direct responsibility of the ASTM website.
3
Subcommittee D09.01 on Electrical Insulating Products. The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
Current edition approved May 1, 2022. Published May 2022. Originally www.astm.org.
ɛ1
4
approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as D828 – 16 . DOI: Available from the Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry, PO
10.1520/D0828-22. Box 105113, Atlanta, GA 30348.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D828 − 22
use, or both, of paper and paper products. It is possible for calibration and of indicating the elongation values to a read-
products to be influenced by, or indicative of: the type fibers ability and accuracy of 60.05 % stretch (that is 60.09 mm
used or the treatment of the fibers, or both, i
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation: D828 − 16 D828 − 22
Standard Test Method for
Tensile Properties of Paper and Paperboard Using
1
Constant-Rate-of-Elongation Apparatus
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D828; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1
ε NOTE—Added missing “6” signs to 5.1.3 – 5.1.5, 5.4, and 8.1.6 editorially in June 2018.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers procedures for determining tensile properties of paper and paperboard.
1.2 The procedures given in this test method are for use with constant-rate-of-elongation tensile testing equipment and as such,
are able to be used with instruments designed for either vertical or horizontal operation, and whether manually operated or
computer controlled.
1.3 These procedures are applicable for all types of paper, paperboard, paper products, and related materials within the
measurement limitations of the equipment used. They are not for use with combined corrugated board.
1.4 Properties able to be determined using this test method include tensile strength, stretch, tensile energy absorption, tensile
stiffness, breaking length, and tensile index.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for information
only.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D09 on Electrical and Electronic Insulating Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D09.01 on Electrical Insulating Products.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2016May 1, 2022. Published December 2016May 2022. Originally approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 20022016 as
ɛ1
D828 – 97 (2002)D828 – 16 which was withdrawn September 2009 and reinstated in November 2016. DOI: 10.1520/D0828-16E01. DOI: 10.1520/D0828-22.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D828 − 22
D585 Practice for Sampling and Accepting a Single Lot of Paper, Paperboard, Fiberboard, and Related Product (Withdrawn
3
2010)
D685 Practice for Conditioning Paper and Paper Products for Testing
3
D987 Test Method for Test for Stretch of Paper and Paper Products Under Tension (Withdrawn 1968)
D1968 Terminology Relating to Paper and Paper Products
E122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate, With Specified Precision, the Average for a Characteristic of a Lot or
Process
3. Terminology
4
3.1 Definitions: For definitions of terms used in this test method, refer to Terminology D1968 or the Dictionary of PaperPaper. .
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 line contact grips, n—grips or jaws on a tensile testing machine having a clamping zone for gripping the specimen comprised
of a cylindrical and a flat surface or two cylindrical surfaces whose axes are parallelparallel.
3.2.2 paper, n—planar structures deposited from an aqueous suspension that has a thickness less than 1 mm containing organic
material, nonorganic material, or a combination of the two.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 The tensile properties measured in this test method are fundamental properties associated with the manufacture, or end use,
or both, of paper and paper products. It is possible for the varity of products to be influenced
...