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ASTM E161-00(2010)

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Precision Electroformed Sieves

Standard Specification for Precision Electroformed Sieves

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the requirements for design and construction of electroformed sieves. The sieves are used in particle-size distribution analysis and in various manufacturing applications to produce narrowly designated particle-size distributions. They may also be used as reference standards when suitably calibrated. The material used in the manufacture of the sieve sheet shall be nickel or a metal suitable for electrodeposition in a firm crystalline structure. The sheet shall have square or round openings with straight uniform sides and smooth, flat surfaces except for a slight bevel along the edges of the openings. Frames for precision electroformed sieves shall be made from non-corrosive material such as stainless steel and constructed in such a manner as to be rigid
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the requirements for design and construction of electroformed sieves. These sieves are used to perform particle-size distribution analysis and in preparing narrowly designated particle-size fractions. They may also be used as reference standards when suitably calibrated. A method of calibrating these sieves is included in Annex A1.
Note 1—Complete instructions and procedures on the use and calibration of testing sieves are contained in ASTM Manual 32. This publication also contains a list of all published ASTM Standards on sieve analysis procedures for specific materials or industries.  
1.2 The sieve analysis results from two testing sieves of the same sieve designation may not be the same because of the variances in sieve opening permitted by this specification. To minimize the differences in sieve analysis results, the use of testing sieves matched on a performance basis is suggested.
Note 2—For other types of sieves, see Specifications E11 and E323.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units shall be considered standard for the dimensions of the electroformed mesh openings and the size of the wires in the electroformed mesh. The values stated in inch units shall be considered standard with regard to the sieve frames.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Apr-2010
ICS
25.220.20 - Surface treatment
Technical Committee
E29 - Particle and Spray Characterization
Drafting Committee
E29.01 - Sieves, Sieving Methods, and Screening Media
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM E161-00(2004) - Standard Specification for Precision Electroformed Sieves
Effective Date
01-May-2010
Replaced By
ASTM E161-12 - Standard Specification for Precision Electroformed Sieves
Effective Date
01-Apr-2012
Referred By
ASTM D4513-22 - Standard Test Method for Particle Size Distribution of Catalytic Materials by Sieving
Effective Date
01-May-2010
Referred By
ASTM C430-17 - Standard Test Method for Fineness of Hydraulic Cement by the 45-μm (No. 325) Sieve
Effective Date
01-May-2010
Referred By
ASTM F1877-16 - Standard Practice for Characterization of Particles
Effective Date
01-May-2010
Referred By
ASTM C925-09(2019) - Standard Guide for Precision Electroformed Wet Sieve Analysis of Nonplastic Ceramic Powders
Effective Date
01-May-2010
Referred By
ASTM E11-22 - Standard Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test Sieves
Effective Date
01-May-2010
Referred By
ASTM E323-11(2021) - Standard Specification for Perforated-Plate Sieves for Testing Purposes
Effective Date
01-May-2010
Referred By
ASTM E2651-19 - Standard Guide for Powder Particle Size Analysis
Effective Date
01-May-2010
Referred By
ASTM E1638-22 - Standard Terminology Relating to Sieves, Sieving Methods, and Screening Media
Effective Date
01-May-2010

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ASTM E161-00(2010) - Standard Specification for Precision Electroformed Sieves
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E161 – 00 (Reapproved 2010)
Standard Specification for
1
Precision Electroformed Sieves
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E161; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 45-µm (No. 325) Sieve
E11 SpecificationforWovenWireTestSieveClothandTest
1.1 This specification covers the requirements for design
Sieves
andconstructionofelectroformedsieves.Thesesievesareused
E323 Specification for Perforated-Plate Sieves for Testing
to perform particle-size distribution analysis and in preparing
Purposes
narrowly designated particle-size fractions. They may also be
4
2.2 ISO Standard:
usedasreferencestandardswhensuitablycalibrated.Amethod
ISO 565 Test sieves—Metal Wire Cloth, Perforated Plate
of calibrating these sieves is included in Annex A1.
and Electroformed Sheet-Nominal Aperture Sizes
NOTE 1—Complete instructions and procedures on the use and calibra-
2
tionoftestingsievesarecontainedinASTMManual32. Thispublication
3. Ordering Information
also contains a list of all published ASTM Standards on sieve analysis
3.1 Orders for items under this specification include the
procedures for specific materials or industries.
following information as necessary:
1.2 The sieve analysis results from two testing sieves of the
3.1.1 Name of material (Electroformed Sieve),
same sieve designation may not be the same because of the
3.1.2 ASTM designation and year of issue (Specification
variances in sieve opening permitted by this specification. To
E161 – XX),
minimize the differences in sieve analysis results, the use of
3.1.3 Quantity of each item, and
testing sieves matched on a performance basis is suggested.
3.1.4 Standard sieve designation (Table 1, Column 1).
3.1.5 For testing sieves in standard circular frames:
NOTE 2—For other types of sieves, see Specifications E11 and E323.
3.1.5.1 Nominal sieve frame diameter, and
1.3 The values stated in SI units shall be considered
3.1.5.2 Nominal sieve frame height.
standard for the dimensions of the electroformed mesh open-
3.1.6 For sieve cloth not in frames or in non-standard
ings and the size of the wires in the electroformed mesh. The
frames:
values stated in inch units shall be considered standard with
3.1.6.1 Lateral dimension of sieve mesh, and
regard to the sieve frames.
3.1.6.2 Description of non-standard frame.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1.7 For sieves requiring supporting grid:
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1.7.1 Support grid desired,
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1.7.2 Support grid mounted up or down, and
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.1.8 Compatible sieve pans and covers.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4. Sieve Sheet Requirements
2. Referenced Documents
4.1 The material used in the manufacture of the sieve sheet
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
shall be nickel or a metal suitable for electrodeposition in a
C430 Test Method for Fineness of Hydraulic Cement by the
firm crystalline structure. The sheet shall have square or round
openings with straight uniform sides and smooth, flat surfaces
except for a slight bevel along the edges of the openings. The
1
ThisspecificationisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeE29onParticle
thickness of the sheet (exclusive of the supporting grid, see
and Spray Characterization and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E29.01
4.2), is governed by the method of manufacture, the size of the
Sieves, Sieving Methods, and Screening Media on Sieves, Sieving Methods, and
Screening Media.
openingsandthewidthofmaterialbetweenopenings,butinno
CurrenteditionapprovedMay1,2010.PublishedJuly2010.Originallyapproved
case shall the thickness of material between the openings be
in 1960. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as E161 – 00 (2004). DOI:
less than 10 µm (0.0004 in.).
10.1520/E0161-00R10.
2
ASTM Manual 32, Manual on Test Sieving Methods, available from ASTM,
100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
4
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1, ch. de
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on la Voie-Creuse, Case postale 56, CH-1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland, http://
the ASTM website. www.iso.ch.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

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This specification covers measurement of strain resistance of anodic coatings on aluminium and its alloys, that have undergone a sealing treatment and contact with an acidic solution, are stainproof or nonadsorptive with respect to dyes. The method comprises contacting the test area of the anodized specimen with nitric acid solution and, after rinsing and drying, applying a special dye solution followed by rinsing and rubbing the test area with pumice powder, drying, and visual examination of the test area for retention of dye stain. Coatings that exhibit no dye stain or change in color are considered to have passed the test. Reagent grade chemicals shall be used in all tests. A specified solution of nitric acid shall be prepared in distilled or deionized water. A specified volume of aluminium blue 2WL dye shall be dissolved in distilled or deionized water.
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5.1 The water-break test as described in this test method is rapid, nondestructive, and may be used for control and evaluation of processes for the removal of hydrophobic contaminants. A water-break “free” test is commonly used for in-process verification of the absence of surface contaminants on metal surfaces that may interfere with subsequent surface treatments such as priming, conversion coating, anodizing, plating, or adhesive bonding  
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5.4.1 Devices for in situ measurement of contact angle are available. These devices are limited to a small measurement surface area and may not reflect the cleanliness condition of a larger surface. For larger surface areas, localized contact angle measurement, or other quantitative inspection, combined with water-break testing may be useful.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the detection of the presence of hydrophobic (nonwetting) films on surfaces and the presence of hydrophobic organic materials in processing environments. When properly conducted, the test will enable detection of molecular layers of hydrophobic organic contaminants. On very rough or porous surfaces, the sensitivity of the test may be significantly decreased.  
1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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ASTM D5162-21(Practice)
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4.1 A coating/lining is applied to a metallic substrate to prevent corrosion or reduce product contamination, or both. The degree of coating continuity required is dictated by service conditions. Discontinuities in a coating/lining are frequently very minute and may not be readily visible. This practice provides a procedure for electrical detection of discontinuities in nonconductive coating systems.  
4.2 Electrical testing to determine the presence and number of discontinuities in a coating/lining is performed on a nonconductive coating/lining applied to an electrically conductive surface. The allowable number of discontinuities should be determined prior to conducting this test since the acceptable quantity of discontinuities will vary depending on film thickness, design, and service conditions.  
4.3 The low voltage wet sponge test equipment is generally used for detecting discontinuities in coatings/linings having a total thickness of 0.5 mm (20 mil) or less. High voltage spark test equipment is generally used for detecting discontinuities in coatings/linings having a total thickness of greater than 0.5 mm (20 mil).  
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4.1 Water can cause the degradation of coatings, so knowledge of how a coating resists water is helpful in predicting its service life. Failure in water fog tests may be caused by a number of factors, including a deficiency in the coating itself, contamination of the substrate, or inadequate surface preparation. The test is therefore useful for evaluating coatings alone or complete coating systems.  
4.2 Water fog tests are used for research and development of coatings and substrate treatments, specification acceptance, and quality control in manufacturing. These tests usually result in a pass or fail determination, but the degree of failure may also be measured. A coating system is considered to pass if there is no evidence of water-related failure after a specified period of time.  
4.3 Results obtained from the use of water fog tests in accordance with this practice should not be represented as being equivalent to a period of exposure to water in the natural environment, until the degree of quantitative correlation has been established for the coating or coating system.  
4.4 The test apparatus is similar to that used in Practice B117, and the conversion of the apparatus from salt spray to water fog testing is feasible. Care should be taken to remove all traces of the salt from the cabinet and reservoir when converting from salt spray to water fog testing.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the basic principles and operating procedures for testing water resistance of coatings in an apparatus similar to that used for salt spray testing.  
1.2 This practice is limited to the methods of obtaining, measuring, and controlling the conditions and procedures of water fog tests. It does not specify specimen preparation, specific test conditions, or evaluation of results.  
Note 1: Alternative practices for testing the water resistance of coatings include Practices D870, D2247, and D4585.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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