ASTM E1640-13

Standard Test Method for Assignment of the Glass Transition Temperature By Dynamic Mechanical Analysis

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method can be used to locate the glass transition region and assign a glass transition temperature of amorphous and semi-crystalline materials.  
5.2 Dynamic mechanical analyzers monitor changes in the viscoelastic properties of a material as a function of temperature and frequency, providing a means to quantify these changes. In ideal cases, the temperature of the onset of the decrease in storage modulus marks the glass transition.  
5.3 A glass transition temperature (Tg) is useful in characterizing many important physical attributes of thermoplastic, thermosets, and semi-crystalline materials including their thermal history, processing conditions, physical stability, progress of chemical reactions, degree of cure, and both mechanical and electrical behavior. Tg may be determined by a variety of techniques and may vary in accordance with the technique.  
5.4 This test method is useful for quality control, specification acceptance, and research.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the assignment of a glass transition temperature (Tg) of materials using dynamic mechanical analyzers.  
1.2 This test method is applicable to thermoplastic polymers, thermoset polymers, and partially crystalline materials which are thermally stable in the glass transition region.  
1.3 The applicable range of temperatures for this test method is dependent upon the instrumentation used, but, in order to encompass all materials, the minimum temperature should be about −150°C.  
1.4 This test method is intended for materials having an elastic modulus in the range of 0.5 MPa to 100 GPa.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard is similar to IEC 61006 except that standard uses the peak temperature of the loss modulus peak as the glass transition temperature while this standard uses the extrapolated onset temperature of the storage modulus change.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Jul-2013
• ICS: 81.040.10 - Raw materials and raw glass
• Technical Committee: E37 - Thermal Measurements
• Drafting Committee: E37.10 - Fundamental, Statistical and Mechanical Properties

Relations

• Replaced By: ASTM E1640-13(2018) - Standard Test Method for Assignment of the Glass Transition Temperature By Dynamic Mechanical Analysis
• Effective Date: 15-Mar-2018

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E1640 − 13
Standard Test Method for
Assignment of the Glass Transition Temperature By
1
Dynamic Mechanical Analysis
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1640; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope E691Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
1.1 This test method covers the assignment of a glass
E1142Terminology Relating to Thermophysical Properties
transition temperature (T ) of materials using dynamic me-
g
E1363Test Method forTemperature Calibration ofThermo-
chanical analyzers.
mechanical Analyzers
1.2 This test method is applicable to thermoplastic
E1545Test Method for Assignment of the Glass Transition
polymers, thermoset polymers, and partially crystalline mate-
Temperature by Thermomechanical Analysis
rials which are thermally stable in the glass transition region.
E1867Test Methods for Temperature Calibration of Dy-
1.3 The applicable range of temperatures for this test
namic Mechanical Analyzers
method is dependent upon the instrumentation used, but, in E2254Test Method for Storage Modulus Calibration of
order to encompass all materials, the minimum temperature
Dynamic Mechanical Analyzers
should be about−150°C. E2425Test Method for Loss Modulus Conformance of
Dynamic Mechanical Analyzers
1.4 This test method is intended for materials having an
elastic modulus in the range of 0.5 MPa to 100 GPa. 2.2 Other Standards:
IEC 61006Methods of Test for the Determination of the
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
GlassTransitionTemperature of Electrical Insulating Ma-
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
3
terials
standard.
1.6 This standard is similar to IEC 61006 except that
3. Terminology
standardusesthepeaktemperatureofthelossmoduluspeakas
3.1 Definitions:
the glass transition temperature while this standard uses the
extrapolated onset temperature of the storage modulus change. 3.1.1 Specific technical terms used in this document are
defined in Terminology D4092 and E1142 including Celsius,
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
dynamic mechanical analyzer, glass transition, glass transition
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
temperature,lossmodulus,storagemodulus,tangentdelta,and
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
viscoelasticity.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4. Summary of Test Method
2. Referenced Documents
4.1 Aspecimen of known geometry is placed in mechanical
2
2.1 ASTM Standards: oscillationateitherfixedorresonantfrequencyandchangesin
D4092 Terminology for Plastics: Dynamic Mechanical the viscoelastic response of the material are monitored as a
Properties
function of temperature. Under ideal conditions, during
heating, the glass transition region is marked by a rapid
decreaseinthestoragemodulusandarapidincreaseintheloss
1
modulus and tangent delta. The glass transition of the test
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeE37onThermal
Measurements and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E37.10 on
specimenisindicatedbytheextrapolatedonsetofthedecrease
Fundamental, Statistical and Mechanical Properties.
instoragemoduluswhichmarksthetransitionfromaglassyto
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2013. Published August 2013. Originally
a rubbery solid.
approved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as E1640–09. DOI:
10.1520/E1640-13.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
the ASTM website. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E1640 − 13
5. Significance and Use 7.2.1 Clamps,aclampingarrangementthatpermitsgripping
ofthespecimen.Samplesmaybemountedbyclampingatboth
5.1 This test method can be used to locate the glass
ends (most systems), one end (for example, torsional
transition region and assign a glass transition temperature of
pendulum), or neither end (free bending between knife edges).
amorphous and semi-crystalline materials.
7.2.2 Oscillatory Stress (Strain), for applying an oscillatory
5.2 Dynamic mechanical analyzers monitor changes i
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E1640 − 09 E1640 − 13
Standard Test Method for
Assignment of the Glass Transition Temperature By
1
Dynamic Mechanical Analysis
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1640; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the assignment of a glass transition temperature (Tg)(T ) of materials using dynamic mechanical
g
analyzers.
1.2 This test method is applicable to thermoplastic polymers, thermoset polymers, and partially crystalline materials which are
thermally stable in the glass transition region.
1.3 The applicable range of temperatures for this test method is dependent upon the instrumentation used, but, in order to
encompass all materials, the minimum temperature should be about −150 °C.about −150°C.
1.4 This test method is intended for materials having an elastic modulus in the range of 0.5 MPa to 100 GPa.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.6 This standard is similar to IEC 61006 except that standard uses the peak temperature of the loss modulus peak as the glass
transition temperature while this standard uses the extrapolated onset temperature of the storage modulus change.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D4092 Terminology for Plastics: Dynamic Mechanical Properties
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
E1142 Terminology Relating to Thermophysical Properties
E1363 Test Method for Temperature Calibration of Thermomechanical Analyzers
E1545 Test Method for Assignment of the Glass Transition Temperature by Thermomechanical Analysis
E1867 Test Method for Temperature Calibration of Dynamic Mechanical Analyzers
E2254 Test Method for Storage Modulus Calibration of Dynamic Mechanical Analyzers
E2425 Test Method for Loss Modulus Conformance of Dynamic Mechanical Analyzers
2.2 Other Standards:
3
IEC 61006 Methods of Test for the Determination of the Glass Transition Temperature of Electrical Insulating Materials
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 Specific technical terms used in this document are defined in Terminology D4092 and E1142 including Celsius, dynamic
mechanical analyzer, glass transition, glass transition temperature, loss modulus, storage modulus, tangent delta, and viscoelas-
ticity.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E37 on Thermal Measurements and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E37.10 on Fundamental,
Statistical and Mechanical Properties.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2009Aug. 1, 2013. Published October 2009August 2013. Originally approved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 20042009 as
E1640 – 04.E1640 – 09. DOI: 10.1520/E1640-09.10.1520/E1640-13.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E1640 − 13
3.1.2 dynamic mechanical analyzer—any of various commercial or experimental devices used to study the viscoelastic response
of a specimen under a forced or free resonant oscillatory load. The force may be applied in torsion, flexure, or a combination of
tension and compression.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 A specimen of known geometry is placed in mechanical oscillation at either fixed or resonant frequency and changes in the
viscoelastic response of the material are monitored as a function of temperature. Under ideal conditions, during heating, the glass
transition region is marked by a rapid decrease in the storage modulus and a rapid increase in the los
...