ASTM D3753-99
(Specification)Standard Specification for Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Polyester Manholes and Wetwells
Standard Specification for Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Polyester Manholes and Wetwells
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers glass fiber-reinforced polyester manholes for use primarily in sanitary and storm sewer applications.
1.2 The values given in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are provided for information purposes only.
1.3 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 8, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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An American National Standard
Designation: D 3753 – 99
Standard Specification for
Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Polyester Manholes and Wetwells
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3753; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Plastics by Means of a Barcol Impressor
D 2584 Test Method for Ignition Loss of Cured Reinforced
1.1 Thisspecificationcoversglassfiber-reinforcedpolyester
Resins
manholes and wetwells for use primarily in sanitary and storm
D 3892 Practice for Packaging/Packing of Plastics
sewer applications.
1.2 The values given in inch-pound units are to be regarded
3. Terminology
as the standard. The values in parentheses are provided for
3.1 General—Definitions are in accordance with Terminol-
information purposes only.
ogy D 883 and the abbreviations are in accordance with
1.3 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the
Terminology D 1600 unless otherwise indicated.
test methods portion, Section 8, of this specification: This
3.2 manway reducer, n—the top portion of the manhole
standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,
through which entrance to the manhole is made and where the
if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user
diameterincreasesfromtheentrancewaytothelargermanhole
of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health
cylinder.
practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-
3.3 manhole, n—cylinder with the manway reducer de-
tions prior to use.
signed to handle a manhole cover and ring.
NOTE 1—There is no similar or equivalent ISO standard.
3.4 manhole cover and ring, n—those accessories used with
the manhole to close the manway entrance (includes adjust-
2. Referenced Documents
ment rings).
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.5 manhole cylinder, n—the portion below the manway
C 581 Practice for Determining Chemical Resistance of
reducer that extends in a large diameter to the manhole base.
Thermosetting Resins Used in Glass-Fiber-Reinforced
Mayincludeaneccentricorconcentricreducertoallowchange
Structures Intended for Liquid Service
in cylinder diameter.
D 695 Test Method for Compressive Properties of Rigid
3.6 pipe connectors, n—connectors that provide access for
Plastics
the sewer pipe into the manhole.
D 785 Test Method for Rockwell Hardness of Plastics and
3.7 resin rich, adj—describes that portion of the glass
Electrical Insulating Materials
fiber-reinforced polyester material where the resin-to-glass
D 790 TestMethodsforFlexuralPropertiesofUnreinforced
ratio is significantly greater than in other portions of the
and Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materi-
manhole.
als
3.8 wetwell,n—manholecylinderwithanopen,domed,flat,
D 883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
or other top not designed to support a manhole cover and ring.
D 1600 Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating to
Plastics
4. Materials
D 2412 Test Method for Determination of External Loading
4.1 Resin—The resins used shall be a commercial grade
Characteristics of Plastic Pipe by Parallel Plate Loading
unsaturated polyester resin.
D 2583 Test Method for Indentation Hardness of Rigid
4.2 Reinforcing Materials—The reinforcing materials shall
be commercial grade of E-type glass in the form of mat,
continuous roving, chopped roving, roving fabric, or both,
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-20 on
having a coupling agent that will provide a suitable bond
Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.23 on Reinforced
Plastic Piping Systems and Chemical Equipment. between the glass reinforcement and the resin.
Current edition approved Dec. 10, 1999. Published March 2000. Originally
published as D 3753 – 79. Last previous edition D 3753 – 81 (1991).
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.01.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.02.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.04.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.03.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D 3753
4.3 Surfacing Material—If reinforcing material is used on mm) in diameter and less than 0.0625 in. (1.6 mm) thick. Paint
the surface exposed to the contained substance, it shall be a or other coatings are not allowed.
commercial grade chemical-resistant glass or organic surfacing
6.2 Repairs—Any manhole or wetwell may be repaired to
mat having a coupling agent that will provide a suitable bond
meet all requirements of this specification.
with the resin.
6.3 Dimensions—The dimensions shall be as shown below
4.4 Fillers and Additives—Fillers, when used, shall be inert
when measured in accordance with 8.3.1.
to the environment and manhole construction. Additives, such
6.3.1 Minimum cylinder internal diameter of the manhole
as thixotropic agents, catalysts, promoters, pigments, etc., may
shall be 42 in. (1057 mm). The minimum reducer inside
be added as required by the specific manufacturing process to
diameter shall be 21 in. (526 mm).
beusedtomeettherequirementsofthisstandard.Theresulting
6.3.2 Manhole or wetwells lengths shall be in 6-in. (150-
reinforced-plastic material must meet the requirement of this
mm) increments 6 2 in. (51 mm).
specification.
6.3.3 Nominal inside diameters shall be 36 in. (914 mm), 42
4.5 Other—Polyester continuous roving, polyester scrim,
in. (1067 mm), 48 in. (1219 mm), 54 in. (1372 mm), 60 in.
glass scrim, or other material, may be used. The resulting
(1524 mm), 66 in. (1676 mm) and 72 in. (1829 mm).Tolerance
reinforced-plastic material must meet the requirement of this
on the inside diameter shall be 61 %. Other diameters as
specification.
agreed upon between the purchaser and the manufacturer are
4.6 Ribs—When used, ribs may be manufactured as a solid
covered by this specification.
construction or with materials applied over a structural or
6.4 Performance Test—A complete manhole manufactured
non-structural form. The resulting reinforced-plastic material
in a manner consistent in every way with this specification
must meet the requirement of this specification.
must meet the following performance criteria. If a change in
materialsormethodsofmanufacturingismadeandthatchange
5. Manufacture
may effect the results of the following tests, then the testing
5.1 Manhole cylinders, manway reducers, and connectors
must be repeated. Manhole testing is conducted to qualify the
shall be produced from glass fiber-reinforced polyester resin
finished product characteristics. It is not considered to be a
with construction determined by the particular process of
quality control procedure.
manufacture and configuration. Ribs may be attached to the
6.4.1 Load Rating—The complete manhole shall have a
interior or the exterior surface. The process may include
minimum dynamic-load rating of 16 000 lbf (71 171.5 N)
contact molding, compression molding, pultrusion, resin trans-
when tested in accordance with 8.4.To establish this rating, the
fer molding, hand lay-up, etc.
complete manhole shall not leak, crack, or suffer other damage
5.2 Interior Access—All manholes or wetwells shall be
when load tested to 40 000 lbf (177 929 N) and shall not
designed so that a ladder or step system can be supported by
deflect vertically downward more than 0.25 in. (6.35 mm) at
the installed manhole or wetwell.
the point of load application when loaded to 24 000 lb
5.3 Manway Reducer—Manway reducers may be eccentric
(106 757 N).
or concentric with respect to the larger portion of the manhole.
6.4.2 Stiffness—The manhole cylinder shall have the mini-
5.4 Cover and Ring Support—Themanholeshallprovidean
mum pipe-stiffness values shown in Table 1 when tested in
areafromwhichatypicalringandcoverplatecanbesupported
accordance with 8.5. Stiffness requirements for other manhole
without damage to the manhole.
lengths may be interpolated between the values in Table 1.
5.5 Assembly Joints—Product segments may be joined to-
6.4.3 Soundness—The manholes shall not leak when tested
gether to form a complete manhole or wetwell.
in accordance with 8.6.
6. Requirements
6.5 Chemical Resistance—A manhole or wetwell sample
manufactured in a manner consistent in every way with this
6.1 Workmanship:
specification must be tested in accordance with 8.7. The log of
6.1.1 Exterior Surface—The exterior surface shall be rela-
percent retention of each property after immersion testing
tively smooth with no sharp projections. Hand-work finish is
when plotted against the log of immersion time, and extrapo-
acceptable if enough resin is present to saturate all fibers. The
lated to 100 000 h shall assure retention of at least 50 % of
exterior surface shall be free of blisters larger than 0.5 in. (12.7
mm) in diameter and delamination. Fibers loosely attached initial properties. If a change is made in the manhole construc-
tion and that change may effect the results of the following
(can be removed with wire brush) are allowed if not excessive.
tests, then the testing must be repeated. Chemical testing is
Paint or other coatings that impair the visual inspection of the
conducted to determine the applicability of the materials used
laminate are not allowed.
6.1.2 Interior Surface—The interior surface shall be resin
rich with no exposed fibers. The surface shall be free of
crazing, delamination, blisters larger than 0.5 in. (12.7 mm) in TABLE 1 Stiffness Requirements
diameter, and wrinkles of 0.125 in. (3.2 mm) or greater in
Manhole Length, ft (mm) F/DY, psi (kPa)
2 2
depth. Surface pits shall be permitted up to 6/ft (60/m ) if they
6 (1829) 0.72 (4.96)
are less than 0.75 in. (19 mm) in diameter and less than 0.0625 12 (3658) 1.26 (8.69)
20 (6096) 2.01 (13.86)
in. (1.6 mm) deep. Voids that cannot be broken with finger
25 (7620) 3.02 (20.82)
pressure and that are entirely below the resin surface shall be
35 (10668) 5.24 (36.13)
2 2
permitted up to 4/ft (40/m ) if they are less than 0.5 in. (12.7
D 3753
in the manufacture of the manhole to the specified use 8.4.1.1 Concentric Manholes—The manhole to be tested
conditions. It is not considered to be a quality control proce- must be complete with cover and supporting ring installed.
dure. Apply the specified load eccentrically (see Fig. 1 for typical
6.6 Material Properties—The following properties shall be test model) on a 6- by 6- by ⁄2-in. (152- by 152- by 12.7-mm)
established for each type of construction used in the manhole. steel plate resting on the manhole cover. Locate the steel
If a change in materials or methods of manufacturing is made loading plate so that the center of the plate is within 4 in. (102
and that change may effect the results of the following tests, mm) from the edge of the cover. Load in 2000-lbf (8896-N)
then the testing must be repeated. Material properties tests are increments with close inspection between increases. Maintain
conducted to qualify the finished product characteristics. It is the specified load for not less than 15 min.
not considered to be a quality control procedure. 8.4.1.2 Eccentric Manholes—The manhole to be tested
6.6.1 Material Composition—The material composition in must be complete with cover and supporting ring installed.
percent by weight shall be determined in accordance with Apply the specified load eccentrically (see Fig. 2 for typical
8.8.1. test model) 6- by 6- by ⁄2-in. (152- by 152- by 12.7-mm) steel
6.6.2 Compressive Strength—The compressive strength in plate resting on the manhole cover. Locate the steel loading
the hoop and axial directions of the manhole shall be deter- plate so that the center of the plate is within 4 in. (102 mm)
from the edge of the cover at a point where the edge of the
mined in accordance with 8.8.2.
cover is nearest to the axis of the manhole cylinder. Load in
6.6.3 Flexural Strength and Modulus—Theflexuralstrength
2000-lbf (8896-N) increments with close inspection between
and flexural modulus of elasticity, in the hoop and axial
directions of the manhole, shall be determined in accordance increases. Maintain the specified load for not less than 15 min.
8.4.2 Deflection Test—When load tested according to the
with 8.8.3.
procedure as outlined in 8.4.1.1 and 8.4.1.2 the top of the
6.7 Hardness—The surface hardness shall be determined in
manhole(s) shall not deflect vertically downward more than
accordance with 8.8.4.
0.25 in. (6.35 mm) when measured at the point of load
6.8 Thickness—The thickness of each manhole-component
application when the specified load is 24 000 lbf (106 757 N).
part shall be determined in accordance with 8.3.2.
8.5 Stiffness—Test a section of the cylinder portion of the
manhole in accordance with Test Method D 2412. The section
7. Quality Control
tested must be free of any joints, repetitive features, or repairs.
7.1 Examination—Each manhole-component part shall be
8.6 Soundness—In order to determine soundness, apply an
examined for workmanship dimensions, hardness, and thick-
air or water pressure test, or both to the manhole test sample
ness in accordance with Section 6.
described in 8.4.1. The test pressure shall not be less than 3
7.2 Composition Control—Controls on glass and resin con-
psig (20.68 kPa) or greater than 5 psig (34.47 kPa). While
tent shall be maintained for all manufacturing processes.
holding at the established pressure, inspect the entire manhole
Records shall be maintained as needed to ensure products meet
for leaks. Any leakage through the laminate, joints, or repairs
the requirements of the specification. Proper glass content may
is cause for failure of the test. Caution—Care should be taken
be shown by glass usage checks, by glass and resin application
rate checks, or material composition testing in accordance with
8.8.1, or both.
8. Test Methods
8.1 Conditioning—Specimens tested should be representa-
tive of the actual manufacturing process. Conditioning of the
specimens is not allowed unless specified by this specification.
8.2 Test Conditions—Conduct at ambient temperature with-
out any special controls on temperature unless otherwise
specified.
8.3 Dimensions:
8.3.1 Measure dimensions other than thickness with a steel
tape with graduations of 0.125 in. (3 mm) or less.
8.3.2 Thickness—Measure to the nearest 0.01 in. (0.25 mm)
with a micrometer, caliper, gage, or other suitable instrument.
2 2
Make a minimum of one thickness reading per 34 ft (3 m )of
surface in areas of constant thickness. Through regions of wall
taper, make sufficient checks to establish the actual thickness.
Table of Dimensions
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