ASTM E592-20
(Guide)Standard Guide to Obtainable ASTM Equivalent Penetrameter Sensitivity for Film Radiography of Steel Plates 14 to 2 in. (6 to 51 mm) Thick with X-Rays and 1 to 6 in. (25 to 152 mm) Thick with Cobalt-60
Standard Guide to Obtainable ASTM Equivalent Penetrameter Sensitivity for Film Radiography of Steel Plates <fraction><num>1</num><den>4 </den> </fraction> to 2 in. (6 to 51 mm) Thick with X-Rays and 1 to 6 in. (25 to 152 mm) Thick with <brk/>Cobalt-60
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 A key consideration with any radiographic system is its contrast resolution and spatial resolution capability (that is, sensitivity). The degree of obtainable sensitivity with a given system is dependent upon several radiographic parameters such as source energy level, film system class, type and thickness of intensifying screens, exposure (density), etc. This guide permits the user to estimate the degree of sensitivity that may be obtained with X-rays and Cobalt-60 gamma rays when using a prescribed set of radiographic parameters. This guide may also be used in conjunction with Practices E746 or E1735 to provide a basis for developing data for evaluation of a user's specific system. This data may assist a user in determining appropriate parameters for obtaining desired degrees of radiographic system sensitivity. An alternate to this approach is the use of those adjunct radiographic illustrations detailed in Section 6.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide to obtainable equivalent penetrameter sensitivity covers the minimum penetrameter thicknesses for which the image of the 1T and 2T holes is visible for a few practical radiographic conditions using industrial X-ray film. The values represent near optimum sensitivity for flat steel plates. Radiographic conditions that give higher values of scatter buildup from the specimen or backscattered radiation at the image plane will give poorer sensitivity.
1.2 Eight radiographs that illustrate sensitivities obtainable with practical radiographic systems are included as adjuncts to this guide and must be purchased from ASTM.
1.3 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E592 − 20
Standard Guide to
Obtainable ASTM Equivalent Penetrameter Sensitivity for
1
Film Radiography of Steel Plates ⁄4 to 2 in. (6 to 51 mm)
Thick with X-Rays and 1 to 6 in. (25 to 152 mm) Thick with
1
Cobalt-60
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E592; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This guide to obtainable equivalent penetrameter sensi-
E746 Practice for Determining Relative Image Quality Re-
tivity covers the minimum penetrameter thicknesses for which
sponse of Industrial Radiographic Imaging Systems
the image of the 1T and 2T holes is visible for a few practical
E999 Guide for Controlling the Quality of Industrial Radio-
radiographic conditions using industrial X-ray film. The values
graphic Film Processing
represent near optimum sensitivity for flat steel plates. Radio-
E1025 Practice for Design, Manufacture, and Material
graphic conditions that give higher values of scatter buildup
Grouping Classification of Hole-Type Image Quality In-
from the specimen or backscattered radiation at the image
plane will give poorer sensitivity. dicators (IQI) Used for Radiography
E1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
1.2 Eight radiographs that illustrate sensitivities obtainable
E1742 Practice for Radiographic Examination
with practical radiographic systems are included as adjuncts to
E1735 Practice for Determining Relative Image Quality
this guide and must be purchased from ASTM.
Response of Industrial Radiographic Imaging Systems
1.3 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be
from 4 to 25 MeV
regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are
E1815 Test Method for Classification of Film Systems for
mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for
Industrial Radiography
3
information only and are not considered standard.
2.2 ISO Standard:
ISO 7004 Photography—Industrial Radiographic Films—
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Determination of ISO Speed, ISO Average Gradient, and
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
ISO Gradients G2 and G4 When Exposed to X- and
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Gamma-Radiation
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
4
2.3 Military Standard:
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
NAVSEA Technical Publication T9074-AS-GIB-010/
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
271 Requirements for Nondestructive Testing Methods
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
5
2.4 ASTM Adjuncts:
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Guide for Equivalent Penetrameter Sensitivity Between
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
X-Rays and Cobalt-60
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nondestruc- the ASTM website.
3
tive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.02 on Reference Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
Radiological Images. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
4
Current edition approved June 1, 2020. Published June 2020. Originally Available from Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEA), 1333 Isaac Hull
approved in 1977. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as E592 – 15. DOI: Avenue, SE, Washington Navy Yard, DC 20376, https://www.navsea.navy.mil.
5
10.1520/E0592-20. Available from ASTM Headquarters. Order RRE0592.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E592 − 20
NOTE 1—The demonstration radiograph numbers on curves refer to
exposure conditions given in Table 1.
FIG. 1 Obtainable Penetrameter Sensitivity for Cobalt-60 Radiog-
raphy of 1 and 4 in. (25 and 102 mm) Thick Steel at 36 in.
(914 mm) Distance
3. Terminology radiograph was taken as the criterion for determining sensitiv-
ity. Most
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E592 − 15 E592 − 20
Standard Guide to
Obtainable ASTM Equivalent Penetrameter Sensitivity for
1
Film Radiography of Steel Plates ⁄4 to 2 in. (6 to 51 mm)
Thick with X-Rays and 1 to 6 in. (25 to 152 mm) Thick with
1
Cobalt-60
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E592; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This guide to obtainable equivalent penetrameter sensitivity covers the minimum penetrameter thicknesses for which the
image of the 1T and 2T holes is visible for a few practical radiographic conditions. conditions using industrial X-ray film. The
values represent near optimum sensitivity for flat steel plates. Radiographic conditions that give higher values of scatter buildup
from the specimen or backscattered radiation at the image plane will give poorer sensitivity.
1.2 Eight radiographs that illustrate sensitivities obtainable with practical radiographic systems are included as adjuncts to this
guide and maymust be obtainedpurchased from ASTM.
1.3 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for
information only. mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E746 Practice for Determining Relative Image Quality Response of Industrial Radiographic Imaging Systems
E999 Guide for Controlling the Quality of Industrial Radiographic Film Processing
E1025 Practice for Design, Manufacture, and Material Grouping Classification of Hole-Type Image Quality Indicators (IQI)
Used for Radiography
E1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
E1742 Practice for Radiographic Examination
E1735 Practice for Determining Relative Image Quality Response of Industrial Radiographic Imaging Systems from 4 to 25
MeV
E1815 Test Method for Classification of Film Systems for Industrial Radiography
3
2.2 ISO Standard:
ISO 7004 Photography—Industrial Radiographic Films—Determination of ISO Speed, ISO Average Gradient, and ISO
Gradients G2 and G4 When Exposed to X- and Gamma-Radiation
4
2.3 Military Standard:
NAVSEA Technical Publication T9074-AS-GIB-010/271 Requirements for Nondestructive Testing Methods
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nondestructive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.02 on Reference
Radiological Images.
Current edition approved June 1, 2015June 1, 2020. Published June 2015June 2020. Originally approved in 1977. Last previous edition approved in 20092015 as
ε1
E592 - 99E592 – 15.(2009) . DOI: 10.1520/E0592-99R15.10.1520/E0592-20.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.10036, http://www.ansi.org.
4
Available from Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEA), 1333 Isaac Hull Avenue, SE, Washington Navy Yard, DC 20376, https://www.navsea.navy.mil.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E592 − 20
NOTE 1—The demonstration radiograph numbers on curves refer to
exposure conditions given in Table 1Table 1.
FIG. 41 Obtainable Penetrameter Sensitivity for Cobalt-60 Radiog-
raphy of 1 and 4-in.4 in. (25 and 102-mm)102 mm) Thick Steel at
...
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