ASTM D4039-09(2015)

Standard Test Method for Reflection Haze of High-Gloss Surfaces

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Measured gloss values of specimens depend on the angle of illumination, refractive index of the material, and the geometric distribution of the reflected light.  
5.2 Haze is produced by irregularities in the reflecting surface that affect the distribution of flux reflected around the specular angle. The procedures specified in Test Method D523 are not designed to measure reflected-flux scattering characteristics of high-gloss finishes, particularly where specimens having different surface refractive indexes are being compared.  
5.3 In this test method, values for reflection haze are obtained from two measurements of specular gloss, one made with a large receptor aperture and the other made with a small receptor aperture. The geometric conditions have been chosen to permit the use of glossmeters that provide 60° specular gloss measurements (large receptor aperture) and 20° specular gloss measurements (small receptor aperture) as specified in Test Method D523.  
5.4 An additional method for the measurement of reflection haze is given in Test Method E430.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes a procedure for using two specular gloss measurements to obtain a haze index for high-gloss nonmetallic specimens (1-4).2 It is particularly useful for evaluating the haze in clear finishes on nonglossy substrates, and the haze in reflected images produced by the surfaces of opaque glossy pigmented finishes.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Oct-2015
• ICS: 87.040 - Paints and varnishes
• Technical Committee: E12 - Color and Appearance
• Drafting Committee: E12.03 - Geometry

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D4039 − 09 (Reapproved 2015)
Standard Test Method for
Reflection Haze of High-Gloss Surfaces
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4039; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 60° specular gloss G , n—specular gloss measured
1.1 This test method describes a procedure for using two
with the 60° geometry specified in Test Method D523.
specular gloss measurements to obtain a haze index for
3.2.2 20° specular gloss G , n—specular gloss measured
high-gloss nonmetallic specimens (1-4). It is particularly
with the 20° geometry specified in Test Method D523.
useful for evaluating the haze in clear finishes on nonglossy
substrates, and the haze in reflected images produced by the
3.2.3 haze index, H, n—a measure of reflection haze, where
surfaces of opaque glossy pigmented finishes.
H = G − G .
60 20
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.3 Appearance terms used in this standard are defined in
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Terminology E284.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- 4. Summary of Test Method
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4.1 Measurements of 60° and 20° specular gloss are made
on a specimen. The haze index is computed as the difference
2. Referenced Documents
between the two measurements.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4.2 This test method is applicable to nonmetallic specimens
D523 Test Method for Specular Gloss
having a 60° specular gloss value greater than 70 in accordance
D823 Practices for Producing Films of Uniform Thickness
with Test Method D523.
of Paint, Varnish, and Related Products on Test Panels
4.3 Both 60° and 20° specular gloss depend upon the
D3964 Practice for Selection of Coating Specimens for
refractive index of the material being measured. Because 20°
Appearance Measurements
gloss changes much more rapidly with index than 60° gloss,
E284 Terminology of Appearance
the reflection haze value of a specimen also depends on the
E430 Test Methods for Measurement of Gloss of High-Gloss
index of refraction of the material. To establish a correction for
Surfaces by Abridged Goniophotometry
the effect of refractive index would require its measurement for
3. Terminology
each material, which is inconvenient. Comparisons of reflec-
tion haze evaluated by this test method are therefore limited to
3.1 Definitions:
specimens of essentially the same refractive index.
3.1.1 specular gloss, n—ratio of flux reflected in specular
direction to incident flux for a specified angle of incidence and
5. Significance and Use
source and receptor angular apertures.
5.1 Measured gloss values of specimens depend on the
3.1.2 haze, n—in reflection—scattering of light at the glossy
angle of illumination, refractive index of the material, and the
surface of a specimen responsible for the apparent reduction of
geometric distribution of the reflected light.
contrast of objects viewed by reflection at the surface.
5.2 Haze is produced by irregularities in the reflecting
surface that affect the distribution of flux reflected around the
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E12 on Color
specular angle. The procedures specified in Test Method D523
and Appearance and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E12.03 on
are not designed to measure reflected-flux scattering character-
Geometry.
istics of high-gloss finishes, particularly where specimens
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2015. Published November 2015. Originally
approved in 1981. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D4039 – 09. DOI:
having different surface refractive indexes are being compared.
10.1520/D4039-09R15.
5.3 In this test method, values for reflection haze are
Boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end of this
test method.
obtained from two measurements of specular gloss, one made
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
with a large receptor aperture and the other made with a small
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
receptor aperture. The geometric conditions have been chosen
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. to permit the use of glossmeters that provide 60° specular gloss
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D4039 − 09 (2015)
measurements (large receptor aperture) and 20° specular gloss 9. Procedure
measurements (small receptor aperture) as specified in Test
9.1 Select an area near the center of the test specimen and
Method D523.
determine the 60° specular gloss.
5.4 An additional method for the measurement of reflection
9.2 Determi
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D4039 − 09 D4039 − 09 (Reapproved 2015)
Standard Test Method for
Reflection Haze of High-Gloss Surfaces
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4039; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method describes a procedure for using two specular gloss measurements to obtain a haze index for high-gloss
nonmetallic specimens (1-4). It is particularly useful for evaluating the haze in clear finishes on nonglossy substrates, and the haze
in reflected images produced by the surfaces of opaque glossy pigmented finishes.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D523 Test Method for Specular Gloss
D823 Practices for Producing Films of Uniform Thickness of Paint, Varnish, and Related Products on Test Panels
D3964 Practice for Selection of Coating Specimens for Appearance Measurements
E284 Terminology of Appearance
E430 Test Methods for Measurement of Gloss of High-Gloss Surfaces by Abridged Goniophotometry
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 specular gloss, n—ratio of flux reflected in specular direction to incident flux for a specified angle of incidence and source
and receptor angular apertures.
3.1.2 haze, n—in reflection—scattering of light at the glossy surface of a specimen responsible for the apparent reduction of
contrast of objects viewed by reflection at the surface.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 60° specular gloss G , n—specular gloss measured with the 60° geometry specified in Test Method D523.
3.2.2 20° specular gloss G , n—specular gloss measured with the 20° geometry specified in Test Method D523.
3.2.3 haze index, H, n—a measure of reflection haze, where H = G − G .
60 20
3.3 Appearance terms used in this standard are defined in Terminology E284.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 Measurements of 60° and 20° specular gloss are made on a specimen. The haze index is computed as the difference between
the two measurements.
4.2 This test method is applicable to nonmetallic specimens having a 60° specular gloss value greater than 70 in accordance with
Test Method D523.
4.3 Both 60° and 20° specular gloss depend upon the refractive index of the material being measured. Because 20° gloss
changes much more rapidly with index than 60° gloss, the reflection haze value of a specimen also depends on the index of
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E12 on Color and Appearance and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E12.03 on Geometry.
Current edition approved June 1, 2009Nov. 1, 2015. Published June 2009November 2015. Originally approved in 1981. Last previous edition approved in 20042009 as
D4039 – 93 (2004).D4039 – 09. DOI: 10.1520/D4039-09.10.1520/D4039-09R15.
Boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end of this test method.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’sstandard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D4039 − 09 (2015)
refraction of the material. To establish a correction for the effect of refractive index would require its measurement for each
material, which is inconvenient. Comparisons of reflection haze evaluated by this test method are therefore limited to specimens
of essentially the same refractive index.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 Measured gloss values of specimens depend on the angle of illumination, refractive index of the material, and the geometric
distribution of the reflected light.
5.2 Haze is produced by irregularities in the reflecting surface that affect the distribution of flux reflected around the specular
angle. The procedures specified in Test Method D523 are not designed to measure reflected-flux scattering characteristics of
high-gloss finishes, particularly where specimens having different surface refractive indexes are being compared.
5.3 In this test method, values for reflection haze are obtained from two measurements of specular gloss, one made with a large
receptor aperture and the other made with a small receptor aperture. The geometric conditions have been chosen to permit the use
of glossmeters that provide 60° specular gloss measurements (large receptor aperture) and 20° specular gloss measurements (small
receptor aperture) as specified in Test Method D523.
5.4 An additional method for the measurement of r
...