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ASTM E3050-21

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Denatured Ethanol for Use as Cooking and Appliance Fuel

Standard Specification for Denatured Ethanol for Use as Cooking and Appliance Fuel

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers denatured ethanol intended to be used as a cooking or appliance fuel, or both.  
1.1.1 This product is intentionally denatured as an additional deterrent to consumption and to avoid beverage alcohol use.  
1.1.2 This specification allows for various denaturants to be used for the intended purpose of cooking or appliance fuel. Jurisdictions may vary in their regulatory requirement for the allowable or prohibited types of denaturants, chemical composition of the denaturant or concentration of denaturant needed to denature the ethanol.  
1.2 Nothing in this specification shall preclude observance of federal, state, or local regulations.  
1.3 Denatured ethanol has many regulatory limitations that cover the production, trading, transporting, distributing, wholesale and retail sale, and use of denatured ethanol; this specification does not purport to address the regulatory compliance aspects of these activities.  
1.4 The application and intent of this product is for household cooking fuel and not for on-road motor fuel use (see D4806).  
1.5 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Nov-2021
ICS
75.160.20 - Liquid fuels
Technical Committee
E48 - Bioenergy and Industrial Chemicals from Biomass
Drafting Committee
E48.A0 - Product Specifications
Current Stage
Ref Project

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ASTM E3050-21 - Standard Specification for Denatured Ethanol for Use as Cooking and Appliance FuelASTM E3050-21 - Standard Specification for Denatured Ethanol for Use as Cooking and Appliance Fuel
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REDLINE ASTM E3050-21 - Standard Specification for Denatured Ethanol for Use as Cooking and Appliance FuelREDLINE ASTM E3050-21 - Standard Specification for Denatured Ethanol for Use as Cooking and Appliance Fuel
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:E3050 −21
Standard Specification for
1
Denatured Ethanol for Use as Cooking and Appliance Fuel
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E3050; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 This specification covers denatured ethanol intended to 2.1 ASTM Standards:
be used as a cooking or appliance fuel, or both. D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and
1.1.1 This product is intentionally denatured as an addi- Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure
tional deterrent to consumption and to avoid beverage alcohol D381 Test Method for Gum Content in Fuels by Jet Evapo-
use. ration
1.1.2 This specification allows for various denaturants to be D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
used for the intended purpose of cooking or appliance fuel. Petroleum Products
Jurisdictions may vary in their regulatory requirement for the D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
allowable or prohibited types of denaturants, chemical compo- Petroleum Products
sition of the denaturant or concentration of denaturant needed D4306 Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers for
to denature the ethanol. Tests Affected by Trace Contamination
D4806 Specification for Denatured Fuel Ethanol for Blend-
1.2 Nothing in this specification shall preclude observance
ing with Gasolines for Use as Automotive Spark-Ignition
of federal, state, or local regulations.
Engine Fuel
1.3 Denatured ethanol has many regulatory limitations that
D4815 Test Method for Determination of MTBE, ETBE,
covertheproduction,trading,transporting,distributing,whole-
TAME, DIPE, tertiary-Amyl Alcohol and C to C Alco-
1 4
sale and retail sale, and use of denatured ethanol; this specifi-
hols in Gasoline by Gas Chromatography
cation does not purport to address the regulatory compliance
D5854 Practice for Mixing and Handling of Liquid Samples
aspects of these activities.
of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
1.4 The application and intent of this product is for house- D5501 Test Method for Determination of Ethanol and
Methanol Content in Fuels Containing Greater than 20 %
hold cooking fuel and not for on-road motor fuel use (see
Ethanol by Gas Chromatography
D4806).
D7345 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products
1.5 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded
and Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure (Micro Distil-
as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
lation Method)
standard.
D7795 Test Method for Acidity in Ethanol and Ethanol
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Blends by Titration
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
D7923 Test Method for Water in Ethanol and Hydrocarbon
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Blends by Karl Fischer Titration
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
E203 Test Method for Water Using Volumetric Karl Fischer
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Titration
1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
E300 Practice for Sampling Industrial Chemicals
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
E1064 Test Method for Water in Organic Liquids by Coulo-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
metric Karl Fischer Titration
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
3. Terminology
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
3.1 Definitions:
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E48 on
Bioenergy and Industrial Chemicals from Biomass and is the direct responsibility of
2
Subcommittee E48.A0 on Product Specifications. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2021. Published January 2022. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 2016. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as E3050 – 16. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/E3050-21. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E3050−21
3.1.1 denaturants, n—materials added to ethanol to make it 4.2.6 Small amounts of the same or similar hydrocarbons
unsuitable for beverage use under a formula approved by a absorbed by the denatured fuel ethanol as it moves through the
regulatory agency to pre
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E3050 − 16 E3050 − 21
Standard Specification for
1
Denatured Ethanol for Use as Cooking and Appliance Fuel
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E3050; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This specification covers denatured ethanol intended to be used as a cooking or appliance fuel, or both.
1.1.1 This product is intentionally denatured as an additional deterrent to consumption and to avoid beverage alcohol use.
1.1.2 This specification allows for various denaturants to be used for the intended purpose of cooking or appliance fuel.
Jurisdictions may vary in their regulatory requirement for the allowable or prohibited types of denaturants, chemical composition
of the denaturant or concentration of denaturant needed to denature the ethanol.
1.2 Nothing in this specification shall preclude observance of federal, state, or local regulations.
1.3 Nothing in this specification shall preclude observance of federal, state, or local regulations.Denatured ethanol has many
regulatory limitations that cover the production, trading, transporting, distributing, wholesale and retail sale, and use of denatured
ethanol; this specification does not purport to address the regulatory compliance aspects of these activities.
1.2.1 Denatured ethanol has many regulatory limitations that cover the production, trading, transporting, distributing, wholesale
and retail sale, and use of denatured ethanol; this specification does not purport to address the regulatory compliance aspects of
these activities.
1.3 The addition of a denatonium benzoate is required in addition to any other denaturants that are added.
1.3.1 The denatonium benzoate is added as an additional deterrent to consumption. The denatonium benzoate must be added in
an amount that meets the minimum and maximum requirements listed in Table 1.
1.4 The addition of a colored dye is also required. The colored dye must be added in a concentration sufficient to enable the visual
detection of the color in the fuel but in an amount less than the maximumapplication and intent of this product is for household
cooking fuel and not for on-road motor fuel use (see D4806listed in ).Table 1.
1.4.1 The colored dye is added to visually indicate that the product is not potable.
1.5 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
standard.
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E48 on Bioenergy and Industrial Chemicals from Biomass and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee E48.A0 on Product Specifications.
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2016Dec. 1, 2021. Published February 2016January 2022. Originally approved in 2016. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as
E3050 – 16. DOI: 10.1520/E3050-16.10.1520/E3050-21.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E3050 − 21
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure
D381 Test Method for Gum Content in Fuels by Jet Evaporation
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D4306 Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers for Tests Affected by Trace Contamination
D4806 Specification for Denatured Fuel Ethanol for Blending with Gasolines for Use as Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
D4815 Test Method for Determination of MTBE, ETBE, TAME, DIPE, tertiary-Amyl Alcohol and C to C Alcohol
...

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ASTM E3050-22(Specification)
Standard Specification for Denatured Ethanol for Use as Cooking and Appliance Fuel

ABSTRACT
This specification provides requirements and corresponding test methods for denatured ethanol intended to be used as a cooking or appliance fuel, or both. The addition of a denatonium benzoate and a colored dye is required. The minimum and maximum requirements for the amount in which denatonium benzoate must be added are specified. The hydrocarbons approved for use under this specification are gasoline, unleaded gasoline, natural gasoline, heptane, or rubber hydrocarbon solvent.
Also addressed in this specification are workmanship, sampling, sontainers, and sample handling. The test methods cover ethanol, water, and higher alcohols as well as acidity and solvent-washed gum content.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers denatured ethanol intended to be used as a cooking or appliance fuel, or both.  
1.1.1 This product is intentionally denatured as an additional deterrent to consumption and to avoid beverage alcohol use.  
1.1.2 This specification allows for various denaturants to be used for the intended purpose of cooking or appliance fuel. Jurisdictions may vary in their regulatory requirement for the allowable or prohibited types of denaturants, chemical composition of the denaturant or concentration of denaturant needed to denature the ethanol.  
1.2 Nothing in this specification shall preclude observance of federal, state, or local regulations.  
1.3 Denatured ethanol has many regulatory limitations that cover the production, trading, transporting, distributing, wholesale and retail sale, and use of denatured ethanol; this specification does not purport to address the regulatory compliance aspects of these activities.  
1.4 The application and intent of this product is for household cooking fuel and not for on-road motor fuel use (see D4806).  
1.5 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D7398-23(Test Method)
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The boiling range distribution of FAMES provides an insight into the composition of product related to the transesterification process. This gas chromatographic determination of boiling range can be used to replace conventional distillation methods for product specification testing with the mutual agreement of interested parties.  
5.2 Biodiesel (FAMES) exhibits a boiling point rather than a distillation curve. The fatty acid chains in the raw oils and fats from which biodiesel is produced are mainly comprised of straight chain hydrocarbons with 16 to 18 carbons that have similar boiling temperatures. The atmospheric boiling point of biodiesel generally ranges from 330 °C to 357 °C. The Specification D6751 value of 360 °C max at 90 % off by Test Method D1160 was incorporated as a precaution to ensure the fuel has not been adulterated with high boiling contaminants.
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of the boiling range distribution of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME). This test method is applicable to FAMES (biodiesel, B100) having an initial boiling point greater than 100 °C and a final boiling point less than 615 °C at atmospheric pressure as measured by this test method.  
1.2 The test method can also be applicable to blends of diesel and biodiesel (B1 through B100), however precision for these samples types has not been evaluated.  
1.3 The test method is not applicable for analysis of petroleum containing low molecular weight components (for example naphthas, reformates, gasolines, crude oils).  
1.4 Boiling range distributions obtained by this test method are not equivalent to results from low efficiency distillation such as those obtained with Test Method D86 or D1160, especially the initial and final boiling points.  
1.5 This test method uses the principles of simulated distillation methodology. See Test Methods D2887, D6352, and D7213.  
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Some acids can be present in aviation turbine fuels due either to the acid treatment during the refining process or to naturally occurring organic acids. Significant acid contamination is not likely to be present because of the many check tests made during the various stages of refining. However, trace amounts of acid can be present and are undesirable because of the consequent tendencies of the fuel to corrode metals that it contacts or to impair the water separation characteristics of the aviation turbine fuel.  
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SCOPE
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1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.  
1.3.1 Exception—The values given in parentheses are provided for information only.  
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5.1 This guide is intended for the developers or sponsors of new aviation gasolines or additives to describe the data requirements necessary to support the development of specifications for these new products by ASTM members. The ultimate goal of the data generated in accordance with this guide is to provide an understanding of the performance of the new fuel or additive within the property constraints and compositional bounds of the proposed specification criteria.  
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1.1 This guide provides procedures to develop data for use in research reports for new aviation gasolines or new aviation gasoline additives.  
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1.3 These research reports are intended to support the development and issuance of new specifications or specification revisions for these products. Guidance to develop ASTM International standard specifications for aviation gasoline is provided in Subcommittee J on Aviation Fuels Operating Procedures, Annex A6, “Guidelines for the Development and Acceptance of a New Aviation Fuel Specification for Spark-Ignition Reciprocating Engines.”  
1.4 The procedures, tests, selection of materials, engines, and aircraft detailed in this guide are based on industry expertise to give appropriate data for review. Because of the diversity of aviation hardware and potential variation in fuel/additive formulations, not every aspect may be encompassed and further work may be required. Therefore, additional data beyond that described in this guide may be requested by the ASTM task force, Subcommittee J, or Committee D02 upon review of the specific composition, performance, or other characteristics of the candidate fuel or additive.  
1.5 While it is beyond the scope of this guide, investigation of the future health and environmental impacts of the new aviation gasoline or new aviation gasoline additive and the requirements of environmental agencies is recommended.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The analysis of trace oxygenates in automotive spark-ignition engine fuel has become routine in certain areas to ensure compliance whenever oxygenated fuels are used. In addition, test methods to measure trace levels of oxygenates in automotive spark-ignition fuel are necessary to assess product quality.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The combustion quality of aviation turbine fuel has traditionally been controlled in specifications by such tests as smoke point (see Test Method D1322), smoke volatility index, aromatic content of luminometer number (see Test Method D1740). Evidence is accumulating that a better control of the quality may be obtained by limiting the minimum hydrogen content of the fuel.  
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ASTM D7484-23a(Test Method)
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
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5.2 The design of the engine used in this test method is representative of many, but not all, modern diesel engines. This factor, along with the accelerated operating conditions, shall be considered when extrapolating test results.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method, commonly referred to as the Cummins ISB Test, covers the utilization of a modern, 5.9 L, diesel engine equipped with exhaust gas recirculation and is used to evaluate oil performance with regard to valve-train wear.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.2.1 Exceptions—SI units are provided for all parameters except where there is no direct equivalent such as the units for screw threads, National Pipe Threads/diameters, tubing size, or where there is a sole source of supply equipment specification.  
1.2.2 See also A7.1 for clarification; it does not supersede 1.2 and 1.2.1.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Annex A1 for general safety precautions.  
1.4 Table of Contents:    
Section  
Scope  
1  
Referenced Documents  
2  
Terminology  
3  
Summary of Test Method  
4  
Significance and Use  
5  
Apparatus  
6  
Engine Fluids and Cleaning Solvents  
7  
Preparation of Apparatus  
8  
Engine/Stand Calibration and Non-Reference Oil Tests  
9  
Test Procedure  
10  
Calculations, Ratings, and Test Validity  
11  
Report  
12  
Precision and Bias  
13  
Annexes  
Safety Precautions  
Annex A1  
Intake Air Aftercooler  
Annex A2  
The Cummins ISB Engine Build Parts Kit  
Annex A3  
Sensor Locations and Special Hardware  
Annex A4  
External Oil System  
Annex A5  
Cummins Service Publications  
Annex A6  
Specified Units and Formats  
Annex A7  
Oil Analyses  
Annex A8  
Alternate Fuel Approval Process  
Annex A9  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D5001-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Measurement of Lubricity of Aviation Turbine Fuels by the Ball-on-Cylinder Lubricity Evaluator (BOCLE)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Wear due to excessive friction resulting in shortened life of engine components such as fuel pumps and fuel controls has sometimes been ascribed to lack of lubricity in an aviation fuel.  
5.2 The relationship of test results to aviation fuel system component distress due to wear has been demonstrated for some fuel/hardware combinations where boundary lubrication is a factor in the operation of the component.  
5.3 The wear scar generated in the ball-on-cylinder lubricity evaluator (BOCLE) test is sensitive to contamination of the fluids and test materials, the presence of oxygen and water in the atmosphere, and the temperature of the test. Lubricity measurements are also sensitive to trace materials acquired during sampling and storage. Containers specified in Practice D4306 shall be used.  
5.4 The BOCLE test method may not directly reflect operating conditions of engine hardware. For example, some fuels that contain a high content of certain sulfur compounds can give anomalous test results.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers assessment of the wear aspects of the boundary lubrication properties of aviation turbine fuels on rubbing steel surfaces.  
1.1.1 This test method incorporates two procedures, one using a semi-automated instrument and the second a fully automated instrument. Either of the two instruments may be used to carry out the test.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D8252-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Vanadium and Nickel in Crude and Residual Oil by X-ray Spectrometry

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides a rapid and precise elemental measurement with simple sample preparation. Typical analysis times are approximately 4 min to 5 min per sample with a preparation time of approximately 1 min to 3 min per sample.  
5.2 The quality of crude oil is related to the amount of sulfur present. Knowledge of the vanadium and nickel concentration is necessary for processing purposes as well as contractual agreements.  
5.3 The presence of vanadium and nickel presents significant risks for contamination of the cracking catalysts in the refining process.  
5.4 This test method provides a means of determining whether the vanadium and nickel content of crude meets the operational limits of the refinery and whether the metal content will have a deleterious effect on the refining process or when used as a fuel.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the quantitative determination of total vanadium and nickel in crude and residual oil in the concentration ranges shown in Table 1 using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry.  
1.2 Sulfur is measured for analytical purposes only for the compensation of X-ray absorption matrix effects affecting the vanadium and nickel X-rays. For measurement of sulfur by standard test method use Test Methods D4294, D2622 or other suitable standard test method for sulfur in crude and residual oils.  
1.3 This test method is limited to the use of X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometers employing an X-ray tube for excitation in conjunction with wavelength dispersive detection system or energy dispersive high resolution semiconductor detector with the ability to separate signals of adjacent and near-adjacent elements.  
1.4 This test method uses inter-element correction factors calculated from XRF theory, the fundamental parameters (FP) approach, or best fit regression.  
1.5 Samples containing higher concentrations than shown in Table 1 must be diluted to bring the elemental concentration of the diluted material within the scope of this test method.  
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6.1 The preferred concentrations units are mg/kg for vanadium and nickel.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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