ASTM D7590-22
(Guide)Standard Guide for Measurement of Remaining Primary Antioxidant Content In In-Service Industrial Lubricating Oils by Linear Sweep Voltammetry
Standard Guide for Measurement of Remaining Primary Antioxidant Content In In-Service Industrial Lubricating Oils by Linear Sweep Voltammetry
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
6.1 The quantitative determination of remaining antioxidants for in-service industrial oils by measuring the amount of these additives that have been added to the oil as protection against oxidation. Industrial lubricants, such as turbine oils, compressor oils, gear oils, hydraulic oils, bearing lubricants and greases can be formulated with a wide variety of antioxidants types such as phenols and amines (as primary antioxidants), which are working synergistically and therefore all important to be monitored individually. For in-service oils, the LSV determines and compares the amount of original primary antioxidants remaining after oxidation have reduced its initial concentration.
6.2 This guide covers procedures for primary antioxidants such as amines and phenols, as described by Test Method D6971 and D6810.
6.3 LSV is not designed or intended to detect all of the antioxidant intermediates formed during the thermal and oxidative stressing of the oils, which are recognized as having some contribution to the remaining useful life of the used or in-service oil. In order to measure the overall stability of an oil (including contribution of intermediates present), and before making final judgment on the remaining useful life of the used oil (which might result in the replacement of the oil reservoir), it is advised to perform additional analytical techniques (in accordance with Practice D4378 and Practice D6224).
6.4 This guide is applicable to a wide range of industrial oils, both mineral or synthetic based, which can contain rust and oxidation inhibitors, antiwear additives such as zinc dialkyl dithiophosphates on gear oils, circulating oils, transmission oils and other industrial lubricating oils.
6.5 The test is also suitable for manufacturing control and specification acceptance.
6.6 When a voltammetric analysis is obtained for a industrial lubricant inhibited with at least one type of antioxidant, there is an increase in the current of the produced v...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the voltammetric analysis for qualitative measurements of primary antioxidants in new or in-service type industrial lubricants detectable in concentrations as low as 0.0075 % by mass up to concentrations found in new oils by measuring the amount of current flow at a specified voltage in the produced voltammogram.
1.2 This guide can be used as a resource for a condition monitoring program to track the oxidative health of a range of industrial lubricants which contain primary antioxidants. In order to avoid excessive degradation of the base-oil, these primary antioxidants play a major role to protect the lubricants against thermal-oxidative degradation. This guide can help users with interpretation and troubleshooting results obtained using linear sweep voltammetry (LSV).
1.3 When used as part of oil condition monitoring practices, it is important to apply trend analysis to monitor the antioxidant depletion rate relative to a baseline sample rather than use voltammetry for an absolute measurement of the antioxidant concentration. The trending pattern provides a proactive means to identify the level of oil degradation or abnormal changes in the condition of the in-service lubricant.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical B...
General Information
Buy Standard
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D7590 − 22
Standard Guide for
Measurement of Remaining Primary Antioxidant Content In
In-Service Industrial Lubricating Oils by Linear Sweep
1
Voltammetry
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7590; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Under normal thermal and oxidative working conditions, which degrade the chemical composition
of the oil’s basestock and gradually deplete the oil’s additive package, good oil condition monitoring
procedures are necessary to determine and planning corrective actions before the oil properties
changes have passed their warning limits.Antioxidant monitoring practices are a vital part of modern
oil condition monitoring practices to achieve lubrication excellence. This guide addresses the correct
guidelines for voltammetric data interpretation.
1. Scope* 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1.1 This guide covers the voltammetric analysis for quali-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
tative measurements of primary antioxidants in new or in-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
service type industrial lubricants detectable in concentrations
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
as low as 0.0075 % by mass up to concentrations found in new
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
oils by measuring the amount of current flow at a specified
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
voltage in the produced voltammogram.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
1.2 This guide can be used as a resource for a condition
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
monitoring program to track the oxidative health of a range of
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
industrial lubricants which contain primary antioxidants. In
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
order to avoid excessive degradation of the base-oil, these
primary antioxidants play a major role to protect the lubricants
2. Referenced Documents
against thermal-oxidative degradation. This guide can help
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
users with interpretation and troubleshooting results obtained
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
using linear sweep voltammetry (LSV).
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
1.3 When used as part of oil condition monitoring practices,
Petroleum Products
it is important to apply trend analysis to monitor the antioxi-
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid
dant depletion rate relative to a baseline sample rather than use
Fuels, and Lubricants
voltammetry for an absolute measurement of the antioxidant
D4378 Practice for In-Service Monitoring of Mineral Tur-
concentration.The trending pattern provides a proactive means
bine Oils for Steam, Gas, and Combined Cycle Turbines
to identify the level of oil degradation or abnormal changes in
D6224 PracticeforIn-ServiceMonitoringofLubricatingOil
the condition of the in-service lubricant.
for Auxiliary Power Plant Equipment
D6304 Test Method for Determination of Water in Petro-
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
leum Products, Lubricating Oils, and Additives by Cou-
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
lometric Karl Fischer Titration
standard.
D6810 Test Method for Measurement of Hindered Phenolic
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum
Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcom-
2
mittee D02.09.0C on Oxidation of Turbine Oils. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Nov. 15, 2022. Published December 2022. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 2009. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as D7590 – 09 (2014). Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
DOI: 10.1520/D7590-22. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7590 − 22
Antioxidant Content in Non-Zinc Turbine Oils by Linear the operating cycle of the lub
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D7590 − 09 (Reapproved 2014) D7590 − 22
Standard Guide for
Measurement of Remaining Primary Antioxidant Content In
In-Service Industrial Lubricating Oils by Linear Sweep
1
Voltammetry
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7590; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Under normal thermal and oxidative working conditions, which degrade the chemical composition
of the oil’s basestock and gradually deplete the oil’s additive package, good oil condition monitoring
procedures are necessary to determine and planning corrective actions before the oil properties
changes have passed their warning limits. Antioxidant monitoring practices are a vital part of modern
oil condition monitoring practices to achieve lubrication excellence. This guide addresses the correct
guidelines for voltammetric data interpretation.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This guide covers the voltammetric analysis for qualitative measurements of primary antioxidants in new or in-service type
industrial lubricants detectable in concentrations as low as 0.0075 0.0075 % by mass percent up to concentrations found in new
oils by measuring the amount of current flow at a specified voltage in the produced voltammogram.
1.2 This guide can be used as a resource for a condition monitoring program to track the oxidative health of a range of industrial
lubricants which contain primary antioxidants. In order to avoid excessive degradation of the base-oil, these primary antioxidants
play a major role to protect the lubricants against thermal-oxidative degradation. This guide can help users with interpretation and
troubleshooting results obtained using linear sweep voltammetry (LSV).
1.3 When used as part of oil condition monitoring practices, it is important to apply trend analysis to monitor the antioxidant
depletion rate relative to a baseline sample rather than use voltammetry for an absolute measurement of the antioxidant
concentration. The trending pattern provides a proactive means to identify the level of oil degradation or abnormal changes in the
condition of the in-service lubricant.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.09.0C on Oxidation of Turbine Oils.
Current edition approved May 1, 2014Nov. 15, 2022. Published July 2014December 2022. Originally approved in 2009. Last previous edition approved in 20092014 as
ε1
D7590 – 09 (2014). . DOI: 10.1520/D7590-09R14.10.1520/D7590-22.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7590 − 22
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
D4378 Practice for In-Service Monitoring of Mineral Turbine Oils for Steam, Gas, and Combined Cycle Turbines
D6224 Practice for In-Service Monitoring of Lubricating Oil for Auxiliary Power Plant Equipment
D6304 Test Method for Determination of Water in Petroleum Products, Lubricating Oils, and Additives by Coulometric Karl
Fischer Titration
D6810 Test Method for Measurement of Hindered Phenolic Antioxidant Content in Non-Zinc Turbine Oils by Linear Sweep
Voltammetry
D6971 Test Method for Measurement of Hi
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.