ASTM D5188-13
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Vapor-Liquid Ratio Temperature Determination of Fuels (Evacuated Chamber Method)
Standard Test Method for Vapor-Liquid Ratio Temperature Determination of Fuels (Evacuated Chamber Method)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The tendency of a fuel to vaporize in automotive engine fuel systems is indicated by the vapor-liquid ratio of the fuel.
5.2 Automotive fuel specifications generally include T (V/L = 20) limits to ensure products of suitable volatility performance. For high ambient temperatures, a fuel with a high value of T (V/L = 20), indicating a fuel with a low tendency to vaporize, is generally specified; conversely for low ambient temperatures, a fuel with a low value of T (V/L = 20) is specified.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the temperature at which the vapor formed from a selected volume of volatile petroleum product saturated with air at 0 °C to 1 °C (32 °F to 34 °F) produces a pressure of one atmosphere in an evacuated chamber of fixed volume. This test method is applicable to samples for which the determined temperature is between 36 °C and 80 °C (97 °F and 176 °F) and the vapor-liquid ratio is between 8 to 1 and 75 to 1. Note 1—When the vapor-liquid ratio is 20:1, the result is intended to be comparable to the results determined by Test Method D2533. Note 2—This test method may also be applicable at pressures other than one atmosphere, but the stated precision may not apply.
1.2 This test method is applicable to both gasoline and gasoline-oxygenate blends.
1.2.1 Some gasoline-oxygenate blends may show a haze when cooled to 0 °C to 1 °C. If a haze is observed in 12.5, it shall be indicated in the reporting of results. The precision and bias statements for hazy samples have not been determined (see Note 10).
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warnings, see 7.2 and 8.1.1.
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Designation: D5188 − 13
StandardTest Method for
Vapor-Liquid Ratio Temperature Determination of Fuels
1
(Evacuated Chamber Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5188; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* D2533 Test Method for Vapor-Liquid Ratio of Spark-
3
Ignition Engine Fuels (Withdrawn 2008)
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the tem-
D2892 Test Method for Distillation of Crude Petroleum
perature at which the vapor formed from a selected volume of
(15-Theoretical Plate Column)
volatile petroleum product saturated with air at 0 °C to 1 °C
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
(32 °F to 34 °F) produces a pressure of one atmosphere in an
Petroleum Products
evacuated chamber of fixed volume. This test method is
D6299 Practice for Applying Statistical Quality Assurance
applicable to samples for which the determined temperature is
and Control Charting Techniques to Evaluate Analytical
between 36 °C and 80 °C (97 °F and 176 °F) and the vapor-
Measurement System Performance
liquid ratio is between 8 to 1 and 75 to 1.
NOTE 1—When the vapor-liquid ratio is 20:1, the result is intended to
3. Terminology
be comparable to the results determined by Test Method D2533.
NOTE 2—This test method may also be applicable at pressures other
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
than one atmosphere, but the stated precision may not apply.
3.1.1 T ,n—the equilibrium temperature at which
(V/L = 20)
1.2 This test method is applicable to both gasoline and
the partial pressure of a sample under test conditions is equal
gasoline-oxygenate blends.
to 101.3 kPa (14.69 psia) and the vapor-liquid ratio is 20.
1.2.1 Some gasoline-oxygenate blends may show a haze
3.1.2 vapor-liquid ratio of a fuel, n—the ratio at a specified
when cooled to 0 °C to 1 °C. If a haze is observed in 12.5,it
temperatureandpressureofthevolumeofvaporinequilibrium
shall be indicated in the reporting of results. The precision and
with liquid to the volume of sample charged, as a liquid, at
bias statements for hazy samples have not been determined
0 °C (32 °F).
(see Note 10).
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as 4. Summary of Test Method
standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for
4.1 A known volume of chilled, air-saturated sample is
information only.
introduced into an evacuated, thermostatically controlled test
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
chamberofknownvolume.Thesamplevolumeiscalculatedto
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
give the desired vapor-liquid ratio for the chamber volume in
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
use. After injection, the chamber temperature is adjusted until
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
a stable chamber pressure of 101.3 kPa (14.69 psia) is
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific
achieved.
warnings, see 7.2 and 8.1.1.
5. Significance and Use
2. Referenced Documents
5.1 The tendency of a fuel to vaporize in automotive engine
2
2.1 ASTM Standards: fuel systems is indicated by the vapor-liquid ratio of the fuel.
5.2 Automotive fuel specifications generally include T
(V/
L = 20) limits to ensure products of suitable volatility perfor-
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
mance.Forhighambienttemperatures,afuelwithahighvalue
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
of T , indicating a fuel with a low tendency to vaporize,
Subcommittee D02.08 on Volatility. (V/L = 20)
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2013. Published December 2013. Originally
is generally specified; conversely for low ambient
approved in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D5188–10a. DOI:
temperatures, a fuel with a low value of T is specified.
(V/L = 20)
10.1520/D5188-13.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
the ASTM website. www.astm.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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D5188 − 13
6. Apparatus 7. Reagents and Materials
7.1 Purity of Reagents—Unless otherwise indicated, all
6.1
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D5188 − 10a D5188 − 13
Standard Test Method for
Vapor-Liquid Ratio Temperature Determination of Fuels
1
(Evacuated Chamber Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5188; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the temperature at which the vapor formed from a selected volume of volatile
petroleum product saturated with air at 00 °C to 1°C (321 °C (32 °F to 34°F)34 °F) produces a pressure of one atmosphere in an
evacuated chamber of fixed volume. This test method is applicable to samples for which the determined temperature is between
3636 °C and 80°C (9780 °C (97 °F and 176°F)176 °F) and the vapor-liquid ratio is between 8 to 1 and 75 to 1.
NOTE 1—When the vapor-liquid ratio is 20:1, the result is intended to be comparable to the results determined by Test Method D2533.
NOTE 2—This test method may also be applicable at pressures other than one atmosphere, but the stated precision may not apply.
1.2 This test method is applicable to both gasoline and gasoline-oxygenate blends.
1.2.1 Some gasoline-oxygenate blends may show a haze when cooled to 00 °C to 1°C.1 °C. If a haze is observed in 12.5, it shall
be indicated in the reporting of results. The precision and bias statements for hazy samples have not been determined (see Note
10).
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information
only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. For specific warnings, see 7.2 and 8.1.1.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3
D2533 Test Method for Vapor-Liquid Ratio of Spark-Ignition Engine Fuels (Withdrawn 2008)
D2892 Test Method for Distillation of Crude Petroleum (15-Theoretical Plate Column)
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D6299 Practice for Applying Statistical Quality Assurance and Control Charting Techniques to Evaluate Analytical Measure-
ment System Performance
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 T , n—the equilibrium temperature at which the partial pressure of a sample under test conditions is equal to 101.3
(V/L = 20)
kPa (14.69 psia) and the vapor-liquid ratio is 20.
3.1.2 vapor-liquid ratio of a fuel, n—the ratio at a specified temperature and pressure of the volume of vapor in equilibrium with
liquid to the volume of sample charged, as a liquid, at 0°C (32°F).0 °C (32 °F).
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 A known volume of chilled, air-saturated sample is introduced into an evacuated, thermostatically controlled test chamber
of known volume. The sample volume is calculated to give the desired vapor-liquid ratio for the chamber volume in use. After
injection, the chamber temperature is adjusted until a stable chamber pressure of 101.3 kPa (14.69 psia) is achieved.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D02.08 on Volatility.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2010Dec. 1, 2013. Published November 2010December 2013. Originally approved in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as
D5188–10.–10a. DOI: 10.1520/D5188-10A.10.1520/D5188-13.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D5188 − 13
5. Significance and Use
5.1 The tendency of a fuel to vaporize in automotive engine fuel systems is indicated by the vapor-liquid ratio of the fuel.
5.2 Automotive fuel specifications generally include T
...
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