ASTM C949-80(1995)e1
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Porosity in Vitreous Whitewares by Dye Penetration
Standard Test Method for Porosity in Vitreous Whitewares by Dye Penetration
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1.1 This test method covers procedures for detecting pores, cracks, or other voids that may be present in otherwise impermeable whiteware ceramics, or as porosity in under-fired ware.
Note 1--This test method was partially derived from ANSI C29.1.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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e1
Designation: C 949 – 80 (Reapproved 1995)
AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS
100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
Reprinted from the Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Copyright ASTM
Standard Test Method for
Porosity in Vitreous Whitewares by Dye Penetration
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 949; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
e NOTE—Section 13 was added editorially in May 1995.
1. Scope commercial quality of the item being tested.
1.1 This test method covers procedures for detecting pores,
6. Apparatus
cracks, or other voids that may be present in otherwise
6.1 Vessel, capable of applying and holding a pressure of
impermeable whiteware ceramics, or as porosity in underfired
10 000 psi (68.9 MPa).
ware.
6.1.1 Fig. 1 illustrates a satisfactory device.
NOTE 1—This test method was partially derived from ANSI C29.1.
NOTE 2—Fig. 1 does not represent the only possible design or configu-
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
ration. It is representative of a device that has been successfully used.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
6.1.2 Fig. 2 illustrates an actual device and typical ex-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
amples.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
6.1.3 Fig. 3 illustrates an assembled device, including fix-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use
ture, under pressure.
2. Referenced Documents
7. Testing Solution
2.1 ASTM Standards:
7.1 Use a solution consisting of1gof basic fuchsine dye
C 242 Terminology of Ceramic Whitewares and Related
dissolved in 1 L of 50 % alcohol.
Products
2.2 ANSI Standard: NOTE 3—The alcohol used should not react with the dye to cause
fading.
C 29.1 Test Methods for Electrical Power Insulators
8. Preparation of Test Specimens
3. Terminology
8.1 Use freshly broken fragments, approximately ⁄4 in. (6
3.1 Definitions:
mm) in the smallest dimension, up to ⁄4 in. (19 mm) in the
3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method, refer
largest dimension, of the whiteware ceramic. At least 75 % of
to Terminology C 242.
the surface shall be free of glaze or other surface treatment.
4. Summary of Test Method
9. Procedure
4.1 Randomly selected unglazed fragments of vitreous
9.1 Immerse the test specimens in the testing solution within
whiteware products are immersed in a fuchsine dye solution, at
the pressure chamber, and
one or more pressures for prescribed times. After drying, the
9.2 Apply a minimum pressure of 4000 psi (27.6 MPa) for
specimens are broken and inspected for the extent of dye
not less than 5 h, or
penetration i
...
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