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ASTM F3026-14

(Guide)

Standard Guide for Helicopter Inland Search and Rescue (SAR) Crew Chief

Standard Guide for Helicopter Inland Search and Rescue (SAR) Crew Chief

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide establishes the minimum standard for training a Helicopter SAR Crew Chief with focus on the general knowledge and skills needed to function within a helicopter in support of an inland search and rescue operation. A person trained to this guide is a Helicopter SAR Crew Chief.  
4.1.1 Every person who is identified as a Helicopter SAR Crew Chief shall have met the requirements of this guide.  
4.1.2 This guide is to be used by individuals and authorities having jurisdiction (AHJ) that wish to identify the minimum training standards for a Helicopter SAR Crew Chief.  
4.1.3 This guide is only the first level of training for a Helicopter SAR Crew Chief and as such, only establishes the minimum knowledge and skills required for a person to perform during helicopter operations.  
4.1.4 This guide by itself is not a training document. It is only an outline of the topics required for training or evaluating a Helicopter SAR Crew Chief, but it can be used to develop a training document or program.  
4.1.5 This guide does not stand alone and must be used with the referenced documents to provide the specific information needed by a Helicopter SAR Crew Chief.  
4.1.6 Though this guide establishes the minimum standards, it does not imply that a Helicopter SAR Crew Chief is “in training,” “on probation,” or in any other similar AHJ member status. It is up to the AHJ to determine the requirements and qualifications for member ratings.  
4.1.7 A Helicopter SAR Crew Chief shall be trained in the normal operational response areas. Examples include but are not limited to the following regions: mountainous, desert, wilderness and over inland bodies of water.  
4.1.8 The knowledge, skills, and abilities presented in the following sections are not presented in any particular order and do not represent any specific training sequence.  
4.1.9 A Helicopter SAR Crew Chief shall meet the minimum SAR requirements for their environments while working as a crewmember with a...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide establishes the minimum training standard for a Helicopter Inland Search and Rescue (SAR) Crew Chief (hereafter known as Helicopter SAR Crew Chief) with focus on the general and crew chief specific knowledge, skills, and abilities needed to function as a member of the helicopter crew in support of an inland search and rescue operation.  
1.2 This guide is focused on inland, non-oceanic areas of operation, including flood and swiftwater rescue operations.  
1.3 This guide is focused on persons functioning as a Helicopter SAR Crew Chief with helicopters only; no fixed-winged operations are included.  
1.4 The training discussed in this guide will supplement and enhance the Helicopter SAR Crew Chief’s existing training, knowledge, skills, and abilities.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Apr-2014
ICS
13.200 - Accident and disaster control
Technical Committee
F32 - Search and Rescue
Drafting Committee
F32.03 - Personnel, Training and Education
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM F3026-14(2019) - Standard Guide for Helicopter Inland Search and Rescue (SAR) Crew Chief
Effective Date
01-Apr-2019
Referred By
ASTM F1993-16(2022) - Standard Classification System of Human Land Search and Rescue Resources
Effective Date
01-May-2014

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ASTM F3026-14 - Standard Guide for Helicopter Inland Search and Rescue (SAR) Crew ChiefASTM F3026-14 - Standard Guide for Helicopter Inland Search and Rescue (SAR) Crew Chief
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ASTM F3026-14 - Standard Guide for Helicopter Inland Search and Rescue (SAR) Crew Chief
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: F3026 − 14
Standard Guide for
1
Helicopter Inland Search and Rescue (SAR) Crew Chief
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F3026; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.1.2 AHJ—Authority Having Jurisdiction
1.1 This guide establishes the minimum training standard 3.1.3 ANVIS—Aviator’s Night Vision Imaging System
for a Helicopter Inland Search and Rescue (SAR) Crew Chief
3.1.4 ASTM—American Society for Testing and Materials
(hereafter known as Helicopter SAR Crew Chief) with focus
3.1.5 CRM—Crew Resource Management
on the general and crew chief specific knowledge, skills, and
3.1.6 FLIR—Forward Looking Infra-Red
abilities needed to function as a member of the helicopter crew
in support of an inland search and rescue operation.
3.1.7 HEC—Human External Cargo
1.2 This guide is focused on inland, non-oceanic areas of
3.1.8 HEED—Helicopter Emergency Egress Device
operation, including flood and swiftwater rescue operations.
3.1.9 HELP—Heat Escape Lessening Posture
1.3 This guide is focused on persons functioning as a
3.1.10 HS—HeliSpot
Helicopter SAR Crew Chief with helicopters only; no fixed-
3.1.11 HUET—Helicopter Underwater Egress
winged operations are included.
3.1.12 LZ—Landing Zone
1.4 The training discussed in this guide will supplement and
enhance the Helicopter SAR Crew Chief’s existing training,
3.1.13 PCDS—Personnel Carrying Device System
knowledge, skills, and abilities.
3.1.14 PFD—Personal Flotation Device
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1.15 PPE—Personal Protective Equipment
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1.16 SAR—Search and Rescue
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.2.1 altitude, n—the height expressed in units of distance
aboveareferenceplane,usuallyabovemeansealevelorabove
2. Referenced Documents
ground level.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.2.2 authority having jurisdiction (AHJ), n—an
F1591 Practice for Visual Signals Between Persons on the
organization, office, or individual responsible for enforcing the
Ground and in Aircraft During Ground Emergencies
requirements of a code or standard, or for approving
F1633 Guide for Techniques in Land Search
equipment, materials, and installation or procedure.
F1739 Guide for Performance of a Water Rescuer—Level I
F1846 Practice for Symbols and Markings for Use With 3.2.3 crewmember, n—an individual assigned a duty during
3
Land Search Maps
flight other than the pilot, engineer, and flight navigator.
F2209 Guide for Training of Level I Land Search Team
3.2.4 crew resource management (CRM), n—a method for
Member
addressing the challenge of optimizing the human/machine
interface and accompanying interpersonal activities to include
3. Terminology
activities which may include team building, information
3.1 Acronyms:
sharing, problem solving, decision making, and maintaining
3.1.1 AGL—Above Ground Level
situational awareness. CRM is the use of all available
resources, information, equipment, and people to achieve safe
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F32 on Search and
4
and efficient flight operations.
Rescue and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F32.03 on Personnel,
Training and Education.
Current edition approved May 1, 2014. Published July 2014. DOI: 10.1520/
F3026-14.
2 3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Aviation Training Glossary, https://www.iat.gov/Training/pages/online.asp;
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM 14CFR1.1: FAA Definitions.
4
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Federal Aviation Administration, https://www.faa.gov; Section II.8.5 Crew
the ASTM website. Resource Management.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F3026 − 14
3.2.5 emergency, n—(a) life-threatening—a situation or oc- 3.2.19 short haul, n—to transport one or more persons
currence of a serious nature, developing suddenly and unex- suspended on a fixed line beneath a helicopter. The intent is to
pectedly and demanding immediate action to prevent loss of transportpersonsashortdistance(short-haul),normallyfroma
6
life. (b) operational—an unforeseen combination of circum- limited or inaccessible location to a safe la
...

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4.1 Classification of human land search and rescue resources is based upon the training of the personnel and their ability to perform specific tasks.  
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1.1 This classification is intended to identify the common functional units and single resources used in search and rescue operations; to aid search and rescue (SAR) managers and Authorities Having Jurisdiction (AHJs) in assembling or ordering resources for search, rescue, or search and rescue incidents; and to aid in identifying the tasks for which crews have been trained.  
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4.1 An area search dog crew or team is required to have, at a minimum, the knowledge, skills, and abilities outlined within this document.  
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1.1 This guide defines the knowledge, skills, and abilities required for a dog crew or team to perform an area search.  
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1.2.1 Additional training shall be required for area search dog crews or teams that search in mountainous terrain, alpine environments, or underground.  
1.3 This guide does not include the knowledge, skills, and abilities required to search in partially or fully collapsed structures, confined spaces, or on bodies of water, inland or oceanic.  
1.4 Area search dog crews or teams trained to meet the requirements of this guide may operate in urban and disaster areas that may be isolated or have lost their infrastructure.  
1.5 Area search dog crews or teams must work under qualified supervision deemed appropriate by the AHJ.  
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This classification aids search and rescue managers in ordering resources for search and rescue incidents and to aid dog handlers in communicating the types of tasks for which they and their dogs have trained. This classification is intended as a supplement to the resource typing specifications of the Incident Command System and specifically as a means of typing search and rescue dog resources and is suitable for classifying dog resources for a wide variety of emergency management purposes including both search and rescue and law enforcement incidents. This classification does not attempt to put forth standards of performance or training for dogs or their handlers. Search and rescue dog under this classification is either Type I or Type II, based upon whether or not the dog can effectively discriminate between the human scent of different individuals. Kind classifications of SAR dog resources are based upon the specific tasks for which dogs are deployed and include: Kind A, area search dog; Kind B, avalanche search dog; Kind C, cadaver search dog; Kind D, disaster/collapsed structure search dog; Kind E, evidence search dog; Kind F, railing search dog; Kind G, tracking search dog; and Kind H, water search.
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1.1 This classification system defines canine search resources in terms of their training and capabilities.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide establishes the minimum standard for training Land Search and Rescue Strike Team/Task Force Leaders as it relates to their general, field, and search and rescue specific knowledge, skills, and abilities.  
4.2 This guide is to be used by individuals and AHJs that wish to identify the minimum training required for a Land Search and Rescue Strike Team/Task Force Leader.  
4.3 Every person who is identified as a Land Search and Rescue Strike Team/Task Force Leader shall have met the requirements in this guide.  
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4.5 This guide by itself is not a training document. It is an outline of the topics required for training or evaluating a Land Search and Rescue Strike Team/Task Force Leader. It can, however, be used to develop, or as part of, a training document or program.  
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4.7 This guide can be used to evaluate a document to determine if its content includes the topics necessary for training a Land Search and Rescue Strike Team/Task Force Leader. Likewise, this guide may be used to evaluate an existing training program to see if it meets the requirements in this guide.  
4.8 The knowledge, skills, and abilities presented in the following sections are not in any particular order, and do not represent a training sequence.  
4.9 The AHJ will determine the evaluation process to assess a person’s knowledge. This may be by written exam, oral exam, demonstration, or other means specified by the AHJ.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide establishes the minimum training for Land SAR Strike Team/Task Force Leaders as it relates to their general, field, and search and rescue specific knowledge, skills, and abilities.  
1.2 A Land SAR Strike Team Leader/Task Force Leader is responsible for direct supervision, general leadership, wellness, and safety of multiple SAR teams and resources operating on all land and water environments, including intertidal areas, but not oceans or swiftwater.  
1.3 Type I-IV teams which may utilize personnel trained to this guide are Kind A (wilderness), Kind B (urban), and Kind C (mountainous/alpine), Kind D (disaster/collapse), Kind E (inland water), Kind G (cave), Kind H (mine), Kind I (avalanche), Kind J (evidence/cadaver), Kind K (aircraft), and/or Kind L (unclassified). See Classification F1993.  
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1.5 Further training may be required depending on the regulations or policies of the Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ).  
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Standard Guide for Swiftwater/Flood Search and Rescue Operations

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
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4.2 Every person, agency, and organization that responds to, or participates in, swiftwater/flood SAR operations should operate within the framework established by this guide.  
4.3 This guide and the framework it establishes should be used in conjunction with established and authorized guidelines and procedures mandated by an AHJ.  
4.4 The AHJ shall determine which personnel, agencies, and/or organizations are qualified and authorized to participate in swiftwater/flood SAR operations.  
4.5 This guide is to be used by individuals and AHJ that wish to perform swiftwater/flood SAR operations as part of the NIMS/ICS.  
4.6 This guide does not stand alone and must be used with the referenced documents to safely and effectively perform swiftwater/flood SAR operations.  
4.7 The AHJ will determine the evaluation process to assess the extent to which the requirements of this standard are met.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This guide establishes a framework within which swiftwater/flood Search and Rescue (SAR) operations shall be conducted as part of the National Incident Management System (NIMS)/Incident Command System (ICS).  
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1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM F3145-15(2022)(Guide)
Standard Guide for Swiftwater/Flood Rescue Technician Basic

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide establishes the minimum requirements for training SWFT-Basic personnel. A person trained to this guide is considered to be a SWFT-Basic.  
4.2 Every person who is identified as a SWFT-Basic shall have met the requirements or equivalent of this guide.  
4.3 This guide is to be used by the individuals and Authorities Having Jurisdiction (AHJs) that wish to identify the minimum training required for SWFT-Basic. No advanced skills are included or implied.  
4.4 This guide was developed specifically for use in the United States, but may be used in other countries as needed.  
4.5 This guide should be used in conjunction with established and authorized guidelines and procedures mandated by the AHJ.  
4.6 Nothing in this guide precludes an AHJ from adding additional requirements for its own members.  
4.7 The AHJ shall determine that personnel, agencies, and organizations are qualified and authorized to participate in swiftwater/flood search and rescue operations.  
4.8 The AHJ shall determine the evaluation process used to assess the extent to which the requirements of this guide are met.  
4.9 Swiftwater personnel should only perform activities in the swiftwater environment after a thorough risk assessment and appropriate risk mitigation efforts (such as the use of personal protective equipment (PPE), restricting efforts to shore-based techniques, or delaying a recovery until more favorable water conditions exist) have been performed. At the very least, personnel should follow the appropriate national, federal, state, tribal, provincial, and local safety standards as they apply to activities in swiftwater environments. SWFT-Basic personnel should be supervised by a Swiftwater/Flood Rescue Technician-Intermediate (SWFT-Intermediate) or Swiftwater/Flood Rescue Technician-Advanced (SWFT-Advanced) for in-water rescue operations. Shore-based rescue does not necessarily require SWFT-Intermediate or SWFT-Advanced supervision, but any rescue requires appro...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide establishes the areas of expertise that Search and Rescue (SAR) Swiftwater/Flood Rescue Technician Basic (SWFT-Basic) personnel shall demonstrate in order to perform in, on, or around a swiftwater environment.  
1.1.1 Specifically, this guide defines the recommended training required to prepare SWFT-Basic personnel, or equivalent, for responding to or conducting shore-based swiftwater and flood rescue operations.  
1.1.2 This guide establishes the general areas of expertise that SWFT-Basic personnel shall demonstrate. This guide does not cover specialized types of swiftwater/flood SAR, such as helicopter and boat-based rescues.  
1.1.3 This guide also establishes the minimum training requirements.  
1.2 This is the entry-level position for swiftwater/flood responders.  
1.3 SWFT-Basic personnel shall be able to recognize, reduce, eliminate, or mitigate, within the scope of their training, the hazards and risks in a swiftwater or flood situation or environment and be able to request appropriate additional resources.  
1.4 This guide identifies types of rescues, tactics, and systems that are typically used by SWFT-Basic personnel, such as shore-based rescues using talking, reaching, throwing, and wading methods.  
1.5 SWFT-Basic personnel who have met the minimum qualifications and experience within this guide are capable of performing shore-based rescues and assisting with in-water rescues from the shore under qualified supervision.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM F3144-15(2022)(Guide)
Standard Guide for Evaluating Trailing Search Dog Crews or Teams

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 A trailing search dog crew or team is required to have, at a minimum, the knowledge, skills, and abilities outlined within this guide.  
4.1.1 A trailing search dog crew or team that meets the requirements of this guide is a Trailing Canine Search Resource, as defined in Classification F1848.  
4.2 Trailing search dogs that meet the requirements of this guide shall be tested by the AHJ using an aged trail of 6 to 12 h or as determined by the AHJ. Ages for competency trails shall take into consideration a minimum age, which should approximate the average response time for search dog crews.  
4.3 This guide only establishes the minimum knowledge, skills, and abilities required for a trailing search dog crew or team to perform trail searches. No other skills are included or implied.  
4.4 This guide is an outline of the topics required for training or evaluating a trailing search dog team or crew, and may be used to assist in the development of a training document or program.  
4.5 This guide can be used to evaluate a document to determine if its content includes the topics necessary for training trailing search dog crews or teams. Likewise, this guide can be used to evaluate an existing training program to see if it meets the requirements in this guide.  
4.6 The knowledge, skills, and abilities presented in this guide are not in any particular order and do not represent a training sequence.  
4.7 Though this guide establishes minimum training requirements, it does not imply that a trailing search dog team or crew is a “trainee,” “probationary,” or other similarly termed part of an organization.  
4.7.1 The AHJ is responsible for determining the requirements and qualifications for its member ratings.  
4.8 A trailing search dog crew or team shall document training by completion of a position task book, compliant with Guide F3068, or by field demonstration under qualified supervision. Where proficiency in a skill or ability must be demonstrated, unless oth...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide defines the knowledge, skills, and abilities required for a dog crew or team to perform a trailing search.  
1.2 Trailing search dog crews or teams perform searches on the surface of the land, including open urban or wilderness areas, as well as mountainous terrain and alpine environments.  
1.2.1 Additional training shall be required for trailing search dog crews or teams that search in mountainous terrain, alpine environments, and in caves, mines, and tunnels.  
1.3 This guide does not include the knowledge, skills, and abilities required to search in partially or fully collapsed structures, confined spaces, or on bodies of water, inland or oceanic.  
1.4 Trailing search dog crews or teams trained to meet the requirements of this guide may operate in urban and disaster areas that may be isolated or have lost their infrastructure.  
1.5 Trailing search dog crews or teams must work under qualified supervision deemed appropriate by the AHJ.  
1.6 Search dog crews or teams are eligible to be members of Type I and II SAR crews or teams of the following Kinds, as defined in Classification F1993:  
1.6.1 Kind A (Wilderness);  
1.6.2 Kind B (Urban);  
1.6.3 Kind C (Mountainous);  
1.6.4 Kind G (Cave);  
1.6.5 Kind H (Mine);  
1.6.6 Kind I (Avalanche);  
1.6.7 Kind K (Aircraft); and  
1.6.8 Kind L (Unclassified).  
1.7 Further training may be required before a trailing search dog crew or team can fully participate on a particular Type and Kind of team or crew, based on specific local needs, regulations, or policies.  
1.8 This guide does not provide a theoretical basis for how a trailing search dog crew or team functions.  
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory l...

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