ASTM D4161-01(2010)
(Specification)Standard Specification for "Fiberglass" (Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Thermosetting-Resin) Pipe Joints Using Flexible Elastomeric Seals
Standard Specification for "Fiberglass" (Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Thermosetting-Resin) Pipe Joints Using Flexible Elastomeric Seals
ABSTRACT
This specification covers axially unrestrained bell-and-spigot gasket joints including couplings required for machine-made "fiberglass" (glass-fiber-reinforced thermosetting-resin) pipe systems, 8 in. (200 mm) through 144 in. (3700 mm), using flexible elastomeric seals to obtain soundness. The pipe systems may be pressure or nonpressure systems for water or for chemicals or gases that are not deleterious to the materials specified in this specification. The gasket shall be a continuous elastomeric ring of circular or other geometric cross section and shall meet the prescribed specifications. The gasket shall be subject to vacuum or external pressure test and shear loading test.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers axially unrestrained bell-and-spigot gasket joints including couplings required for machine-made “fiberglass” (glass-fiber-reinforced thermosetting-resin) pipe systems, 8 in. (200 mm) through 144 in. (3700 mm), using flexible elastomeric seals to obtain soundness. The pipe systems may be pressure (typically up to 250 psi) or nonpressure systems for water or for chemicals or gases that are not deleterious to the materials specified in this specification. This specification covers materials, dimensions, test requirements, and methods of test.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information purposes only.
Note 1—There is a similar but technically different ISO Standard (ISO 8639).
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation:D4161 −01(Reapproved 2010) An American National Standard
Standard Specification for
“Fiberglass” (Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Thermosetting-Resin)
1,2
Pipe Joints Using Flexible Elastomeric Seals
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4161; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
1.1 This specification covers axially unrestrained bell-and-
3.1.1 General—Definitions and abbreviations are in accor-
spigot gasket joints including couplings required for machine-
dance with Terminology D883 or Terminology F412, and
made “fiberglass” (glass-fiber-reinforced thermosetting-resin)
Terminology D1600 unless otherwise indicated.
pipesystems,8in.(200mm)through144in.(3700mm),using
flexible elastomeric seals to obtain soundness. The pipe sys-
tems may be pressure (typically up to 250 psi) or nonpressure 4. Types of Joints
systems for water or for chemicals or gases that are not
4.1 This specification covers two types of axially unre-
deleterious to the materials specified in this specification. This
strained joints based on effecting soundness of the joint
specification covers materials, dimensions, test requirements,
through compression of an elastomeric seal or ring:
and methods of test.
4.1.1 Bell-and-spigot or coupling joint with the gasket
placed in the bell in circumferential compression. An elasto-
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
meric gasket joint design featuring a continuous elastomeric
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided
ring gasket placed in an annular space provided in the bell or
for information purposes only.
socketofthepipeorfitting.Thespigotendofthepipeorfitting
NOTE 1—There is a similar but technically different ISO Standard (ISO
is forced into the bell, thereby compressing the gasket radially
8639).
to form a positive seal.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4.1.2 Bell-and-spigot or coupling joint with the gasket
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
placedonthespigotincircumferentialtension:Apushonjoint
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
designfeaturingacontinuouselastomericringgasketplacedin
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
an annular space provided on the spigot end of the pipe or
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
fitting. The spigot is forced into the bell of the pipe or fitting,
therebycompressingthegasketradiallytoformapositiveseal.
2. Referenced Documents
NOTE 2—A coupling joint of these types is a loose double-bell sleeve
2.1 ASTM Standards:
used to connect pipes which have spigots at both ends (see Fig. 1). All
D883Terminology Relating to Plastics references to bells in this specification are applicable to the sleeve
coupling as well as to the integral bell of a bell-and-spigot gasket joint.
D1600TerminologyforAbbreviatedTermsRelatingtoPlas-
tics
5. Materials and Manufacture
F412Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping Systems
F477Specification for Elastomeric Seals (Gaskets) for Join-
5.1 The gasket shall be a continuous elastomeric ring of
ing Plastic Pipe
circular or other geometric cross section and shall meet the
requirements of Specification F477, unless otherwise specified
in this specification. When a splice is used in the manufacture
of the gasket, no more than two splices shall be made in any
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on
Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.23 on Reinforced one gasket.
Plastic Piping Systems and Chemical Equipment.
5.1.1 The chemical composition of the gasket shall be
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2010. Published October 2010. Originally
compatible with the type of environment to which it will be
approved in 1982. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D4161–01(2005).
subjected. Selection of the gasket composition shall be in
DOI: 10.1520/D4161-01R10.
An ISO equivalency statement was added.
accordance with a purchaser and seller agreement.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
NOTE 3—Consult the gasket manufacturer for advice as to the suitabil-
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on ity of specific rubber compounds for the intended service and joint
the ASTM website. configurations. Items such as cold set when the joint is deflected under
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D4161−01 (2010)
furnished. For a rectangular gasket groove, the cross-sectional
area of annular space shall be calculated for minimum bell
inside diameter, maximum spigot outside diameter, minimum
width of groove at surface of spigot, and minimum depth of
groove. The volume of the annular space shall be calculated at
thecenterlineofthegrooveandconsideringthecentroidofthe
cross-sectional area to be at the midpoint between the surface
of the groove on which the gasket is seated and the surface of
the bell, if the groove is on the spigot, or the surface of the
spigot, if the groove is in the bell.
6.3.1.2 When the design volume of the gasket is less than
75% of the volume of the annular space in which the gasket is
confined,thedimensionsandtolerancesofthegasket,bell,and
spigot shall be such that, when the outer surface of the spigot
and the inner surface of the bell come into contact at some
point in their periphery, the deformation in the gasket shall not
FIG. 1 Typical Coupling Joint Detail
exceed40%atthepointofcontactnorbelessthan15%atany
point.Ifthedesignvolumeofthegasketis75%ormoreofthe
low-temperature conditions and maximum and minimum stretch in the volume of the annular space, the deformation of the gasket, as
gasket may be dependent upon the specific chemical compounds used.
prescribedabove,shallnotexceed50%norbelessthan15%.
The cross-sectional area of annular space shall be calculated
5.2 Materials in the bell and spigot of the joint shall meet
the requirements of the applicableASTM specification for the for average bell diameter, average spigot diameter, average
width of groove at surface of spigot, and average depth of
pipe or fitting of which the joint is a part.
groove. The volume of the annular space shall be calculated at
6. Requirements
thecenterlineofthegrooveandconsideringthecentroidofthe
cross-sectional area to be at the midpoint between the surface
6.1 Joint Surfaces—All surfaces of the joint upon or against
of the groove on which the gasket is seated and the surface of
which the gasket may bear shall be smooth and free of cracks,
the bell, if the groove is on the spigot, or the surface of the
fractures,orotherimperfectionsthatwouldadverselyaffectthe
spigot, if the groove is in the bell.
performance of the joint.
6.2 Joint Geometry—The design of the joint shall include a NOTE 4—It is recognized that a relationship exists between the
water-tightness of a joint, the gasket deformation, and the ratio of gasket
means to retain the gasket and prevent it from being uninten-
volume to space volume. For high-pressure applications, it may be
tionallydisplaced,eitherduringassemblyofthejointorduring
necessary to provide a very high-volume ratio to obtain a sound joint.
operation of the completed pipe system.
Some manufacturers also have developed satisfactory joints with very
little gasket deformation, but meet the requirements of Section 6 by
6.3 Dimensions and Tolerances—The provisions of 6.3.1.1
utilizing a very high-volume ratio.
apply only to a joining system utilizing a gasket of circular
6.3.1.3 When determining the maximum percent deforma-
cross section retained in a rectangular groove. Manufacturers
tion of the gasket, the minimum depth of groove and the
maysubmittothepurchaserdetaileddesignsforjointsutilizing
stretched gasket diameter shall be used and calculations made
gaskets or grooves, or both, of other geometric shape or for
at the centerline of the groove. When determining the mini-
joints not meeting the criteria of 6.3.1. Joints not meeting the
requirements of this section shall meet the test requirements of mum percent deformation of the gasket, the maximum bell
diameter,theminimumspigotdiameter,themaximumdepthof
Section 7; such joints shall be acceptable, provided the design
isapprovedbythepurchaserpriortomanufactureandprovided groove, and the stretched gasket diameter shall be used and
calculations made at the centerline of the groove. For gasket
thetestpipecomplieswiththespecifiedtestrequirements.Test
results may be extended to other diameters with the same joint deformation calculations, if the gasket is placed on the spigot
in circumferential tension, the stretched gasket diameter shall
configuration, gasket shape and gasket composition provided
substantially similar gasket compressions and gasket hardness be determined as being the design diameter of the gasket
divided by the square root of (1 + x) where x equals the design
are maintained. Gasket dimensions may be increas
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