Standard Test Method for Density, Relative Density, or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Products by Hydrometer Method

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Accurate determination of the density, relative density (specific gravity), or API gravity of petroleum and its products is necessary for the conversion of measured volumes to volumes or masses, or both, at the standard reference temperatures of 15 °C or 60 °F during custody transfer.  
5.2 This procedure is most suitable for determining the density, relative density (specific gravity), or API gravity of low viscosity transparent liquids. This procedure can also be used for viscous liquids by allowing sufficient time for the hydrometer to reach temperature equilibrium, and for opaque liquids by employing a suitable meniscus correction. Additionally for both transparent and opaque fluids the readings shall be corrected for the thermal glass expansion effect and alternative calibration temperature effects before correcting to the reference temperature.  
5.3 When used in connection with bulk oil measurements, volume correction errors are minimized by observing the hydrometer reading at a temperature close to that of the bulk oil temperature.  
5.4 Density, relative density, or API gravity is a factor governing the quality and pricing of crude petroleum. However, this property of petroleum is an uncertain indication of its quality unless correlated with other properties.  
5.5 Density is an important quality indicator for automotive, aviation and marine fuels, where it affects storage, handling and combustion.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the laboratory determination using a glass hydrometer in conjunction with a series of calculations, of the density, relative density, or API gravity of crude petroleum, petroleum products, or mixtures of petroleum and nonpetroleum products normally handled as liquids, and having a Reid vapor pressure of 101.325 kPa (14.696 psi) or less. Values are determined at existing temperatures and corrected to 15 °C or 60 °F by means of a series of calculations and international standard tables.  
1.2 The initial hydrometer readings obtained are uncorrected hydrometer readings and not density measurements. Readings are measured on a hydrometer at either the reference temperature or at another convenient temperature, and readings are corrected for the meniscus effect, the thermal glass expansion effect, alternative calibration temperature effects and to the reference temperature by means of the Petroleum Measurement Tables; values obtained at other than the reference temperature being hydrometer readings and not density measurements.  
1.3 Readings determined as density, relative density, or API gravity can be converted to equivalent values in the other units or alternative reference temperatures by means of Interconversion Procedures (API MPMS Chapter 11.5), or Adjunct to D1250 Guide for Petroleum Measurement Tables (API MPMS Chapter 11.1), or both, or tables, as applicable.  
1.4 The initial hydrometer readings determined in the laboratory shall be recorded before performing any calculations. The calculations required in Section 10 shall be applied to the initial hydrometer reading with observations and results reported as required by Section 11 prior to use in a subsequent calculation procedure (ticket calculation, meter factor calculation, or base prover volume determination).  
1.5 Annex A1 contains a procedure for verifying or certifying the equipment for this test method.  
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.  
1.6.1 Exception—The values given in parentheses are provided for information only.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in th...

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ASTM D1298-12b(2017) - Standard Test Method for Density, Relative Density, or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Products by Hydrometer Method
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D1298 − 12b (Reapproved 2017)
Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards (MPMS), Chapter 9.1
Standard Test Method for
Density, Relative Density, or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum
1
and Liquid Petroleum Products by Hydrometer Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1298; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope initial hydrometer reading with observations and results re-
ported as required by Section 11 prior to use in a subsequent
1.1 This test method covers the laboratory determination
calculation procedure (ticket calculation, meter factor
using a glass hydrometer in conjunction with a series of
calculation, or base prover volume determination).
calculations, of the density, relative density, or API gravity of
crude petroleum, petroleum products, or mixtures of petroleum 1.5 Annex A1 contains a procedure for verifying or certify-
and nonpetroleum products normally handled as liquids, and ing the equipment for this test method.
having a Reid vapor pressure of 101.325 kPa (14.696 psi) or
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
less. Values are determined at existing temperatures and
standard.
corrected to 15 °C or 60 °F by means of a series of calculations
1.6.1 Exception—The values given in parentheses are pro-
and international standard tables.
vided for information only.
1.2 The initial hydrometer readings obtained are uncor-
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
rected hydrometer readings and not density measurements.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Readings are measured on a hydrometer at either the reference
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
temperature or at another convenient temperature, and readings
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
are corrected for the meniscus effect, the thermal glass expan-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
sion effect, alternative calibration temperature effects and to the
1.8 This international standard was developed in accor-
reference temperature by means of the Petroleum Measurement
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
Tables; values obtained at other than the reference temperature
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
being hydrometer readings and not density measurements.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
1.3 Readings determined as density, relative density, or API
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
gravity can be converted to equivalent values in the other units
or alternative reference temperatures by means of Interconver-
2. Referenced Documents
sion Procedures (API MPMS Chapter 11.5), or Adjunct to
2
D1250 Guide for Petroleum Measurement Tables (API MPMS
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Chapter 11.1), or both, or tables, as applicable.
D1250 Guide for Use of the Petroleum Measurement Tables
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
1.4 The initial hydrometer readings determined in the labo-
Petroleum Products
ratory shall be recorded before performing any calculations.
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
The calculations required in Section 10 shall be applied to the
Petroleum Products
D5854 Practice for Mixing and Handling of Liquid Samples
of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and the API Committee on
Petroleum Measurement, and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.02 E100 Specification for ASTM Hydrometers
/COMQ, the joint ASTM-API Committee on Hydrocarbon Measurement for
Custody Transfer (Joint ASTM-API). This test method has been approved by the
sponsoring committees and accepted by the Cooperating Societies in accordance
2
with established procedures. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved July 15, 2017. Published July 2017. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1953. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D1298 – 12b. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/D1298-12BR17. the ASTM website.
© Jointly copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 194
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D1298 − 12b D1298 − 12b (Reapproved 2017)
Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards (MPMS), Chapter 9.1
Standard Test Method for
Density, Relative Density, or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum
1
and Liquid Petroleum Products by Hydrometer Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1298; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope*Scope
1.1 This test method covers the laboratory determination using a glass hydrometer in conjunction with a series of calculations,
of the density, relative density, or API gravity of crude petroleum, petroleum products, or mixtures of petroleum and nonpetroleum
products normally handled as liquids, and having a Reid vapor pressure of 101.325 kPa (14.696 psi) 101.325 kPa (14.696 psi) or
less. Values are determined at existing temperatures and corrected to 15°C15 °C or 60°F60 °F by means of a series of calculations
and international standard tables.
1.2 The initial hydrometer readings obtained are uncorrected hydrometer readings and not density measurements. Readings are
measured on a hydrometer at either the reference temperature or at another convenient temperature, and readings are corrected for
the meniscus effect, the thermal glass expansion effect, alternatealternative calibration temperature effects and to the reference
temperature by means of the Petroleum Measurement Tables; values obtained at other than the reference temperature being
hydrometer readings and not density measurements.
1.3 Readings determined as density, relative density, or API gravity can be converted to equivalent values in the other units or
alternatealternative reference temperatures by means of Interconversion Procedures (API MPMS Chapter 11.5), or Adjunct to
D1250 Guide for Petroleum Measurement Tables (API MPMS Chapter 11.1), or both, or tables, as applicable.
1.4 The initial hydrometer readings determined in the laboratory shall be recorded before performing any calculations. The
calculations required in Section 10 shall be applied to the initial hydrometer reading with observations and results reported as
required by Section 11 prior to use in a subsequent calculation procedure (ticket calculation, meter factor calculation, or base
prover volume determination).
1.5 Annex A1 contains a procedure for verifying or certifying the equipment for this test method.
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information
only.
1.6.1 Exception—The values given in parentheses are provided for information only.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1250 Guide for Use of the Petroleum Measurement Tables
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and the API Committee on Petroleum
Measurement, and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.02 /COMQ, the joint ASTM-API Committee on Hydrocarbon Measurement for Custody Transfer (Joint
ASTM-API). This test method has been approved by the sponsoring committees and accepted by the Cooperating Societies in accordance with established procedures.
Current edition approved June 1, 2012July 15, 2017. Published October 2012July 2017. Originally approved in 1953. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as
D1298D1298 – 12b.–12a. DOI: 10.1520/D1298-12B.10.1520/D1298-12BR17.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM websit
...

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