ASTM D7641-10(2014)e1

Standard Guide for Textile Fibers

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide is intended for use as a reference to improve the understanding of the relationship between commercial name, fiber identification and geographical regions of fiber origins that make up the composition of textile products.  
4.2 This guide is intended to be used as a source of information only.  
4.2.1 Detailed analysis, to verify specific data related to the composition of a particular fiber, may be necessary.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide lists fibers used to manufacture textile products.  
1.2 Specific groups of fibers are identified using tables of standard classification.  
1.2.1 Animal fibers are identified by commercial name, biological name, end use, and geographic source.  
1.2.2 Vegetable fibers are identified by commercial name, botanical name, staple length or description, and geographic source.  
1.2.3 Mineral fibers are identified by commercial name, mineralogical name, chemical description, and geographic source.  
1.2.4 Manufactured fibers are identified by commercial name, generic name, and major component.  
1.3 Major fiber types used for textile purposes are further classified.  
1.3.1 Manufactured fibers are identified as having either an organic base or inorganic base.  
1.3.2 Natural fibers are identified as having a cellulosic, protein, or mineral base.  
1.4 A glossary of generic names and definitions for manufactured fibers is included as additional information.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Jun-2014
• ICS: 59.060.01 - Textile fibres in general
• Technical Committee: D13 - Textiles
• Drafting Committee: D13.92 - Terminology

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
´1
Designation: D7641 − 10 (Reapproved 2014)
Standard Guide for
Textile Fibers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7641; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
ε NOTE—Editorial changes were made to Annex A1 in August 2014.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This guide lists fibers used to manufacture textile
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
products.
2.2 ISO Standards:
1.2 Specific groups of fibers are identified using tables of
ISO 2076:1999 (E) Textiles–Man-made Fibers–Generic
standard classification.
Names
1.2.1 Animal fibers are identified by commercial name,
2.3 Other Documents:
biological name, end use, and geographic source.
Code of Federal Regulations, Title 16, Section 303.7
1.2.2 Vegetable fibers are identified by commercial name,
botanical name, staple length or description, and geographic
3. Terminology
source.
3.1 For definitions of textile terms used in the guide see
1.2.3 Mineral fibers are identified by commercial name,
Terminology D123.
mineralogical name, chemical description, and geographic
4. Significance and Use
source.
1.2.4 Manufactured fibers are identified by commercial
4.1 This guide is intended for use as a reference to improve
name, generic name, and major component.
the understanding of the relationship between commercial
name, fiber identification and geographical regions of fiber
1.3 Major fiber types used for textile purposes are further
origins that make up the composition of textile products.
classified.
1.3.1 Manufactured fibers are identified as having either an 4.2 This guide is intended to be used as a source of
organic base or inorganic base.
information only.
1.3.2 Natural fibers are identified as having a cellulosic, 4.2.1 Detailed analysis, to verify specific data related to the
protein, or mineral base.
composition of a particular fiber, may be necessary.
1.4 A glossary of generic names and definitions for manu-
5. Animal (Protein Base) Fibers
factured fibers is included as additional information.
5.1 See Table 1.
1 2
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textiles and For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.92 on Terminology. contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Current edition approved July 1, 2014. Published August 2015. DOI: 10.1520/ Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
D7641-10R14E01. the ASTM website.
TABLE 1 Animal (Protein-Base) Fibers
A
Commercial and Biological Name Use Geographical Regions
ALPACA WOOL Llama glama textiles South America, North America
American ring tail Bassariscusbacus astutus soft brushes North America
Angora See Rabbit, Angora, Mohair
Badger Meles meles soft brushes Asia, Europe
Camelus dromedarius textiles, soft Asia
h
Camelus bactrianus textiles, coarse Asia
CAMEL HAIR
“Camel hair” See Squirrel soft brushes Asia, North America
CASHMERE HAIR Caprahircus sp (Goat) textiles Asia
Cattle hair Bos taurus upholstery Asia, Europe
“Civet,” “Black Sable” See Spotted Skunk
“Fitch” Mephitis mephitis et al (Skunk) soft brushes North America
Fox Vulpes fulva stuffing North America, Europe
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
´1
D7641 − 10 (2014)
TABLE 1 Continued
A
Commercial and Biological Name Use Geographical Regions
Genet Genetta soft brushes Africa, Asia, Europe
Goat hair Capra sp soft brushes Asia
Hog bristle Sus scrofa paint brushes Asia, North America
Horse hair, body Equus caballus upholstery, felts Asia, Europe, North America, South America
Horse hair, mane and tail Equus caballus upholstery Asia, Europe
Kolinksy See Sable, red
LLAMA WOOL Llama glama textiles South America
Mink See Sable, red
MOHAIR Caprahircus (Angora goat) textiles Asia, Africa, North America
Muskrat, Northern Ondatra zibethicus textiles North America, Russia
Muskrat, Southern Ondatra rivalicia textiles North America
Ox hair, ear Bos taurus soft brushes Asia, Europe, North America
Pony Equus caballus soft brushes, felts Asia
RABBIT, COMMON Oryctolagus cuniculus fur felt Australia, Europe, Asia, North America
RABBIT, ANGORA Oryctolagus cuniculus textiles Europe, North America
Sable, red Mustela sibirica (Kolinksy, China Mink, Jap Mink) soft brushes, stuffing Asia
SHEEP WOOL Ovis aries et al. textiles all continents
Skunk See “Fitch”
Skunk, Spotted Spilogale sp soft brushes North America
Squirrel Sciurus vulgaris et al. soft brushes Asia, North America
SILK Bombyx mori textiles Asia, Europe
SILK, TUSSAH Antheraea paphia et al. textiles Asia
VICUNA WOOL Llama vicugna textiles South America
A
The most common names are in capital letters; biological names are in italics.
6. Vegetable Fibers
6.1 See Tables 2-4.
TABLE 2 Vegetable Fibers: Seed and Fruit-Hair
NOTE 1—The physical origins and the botanical classifications in Tables 2-4 were reviewed by the U.S. Department of Agriculture.
A
Commercial and Botanical Name Staple Length, in. Geographical Regions
Akund Calotropis gigantes Asia
Gossypium, various sp
COTTON Gossypium sp
3 7
1. American Upland Gossypium hirsutum ⁄4 to 1 ⁄16 all continents
2. Asiatic cultivated
a. Chinese Gossypium arboreum ⁄8 to 1 China
b. Indian Gossypium arboreum ⁄8 to 1 India
Gossypium herbaceum
c. Levantine Gossypium herbaceum ⁄2 to 1 Asia
3. Extra-long staple barbadenses:
1 5
a. Egyptian Gossypium barbadense 1 ⁄8 to 1 ⁄8 Egypt, Sudan, Peru
3 1
b. American Egyptian Gossypium barbadense 1 ⁄8 to 1 ⁄2 United States
c. Sea Island Gossypium barbadense 1 ⁄2 to 2 West Indies
4. Medium staple, semi-rough bar-
badenses:
1 1
a. Tanguis Gossypium barbadense 1 ⁄8 to 1 ⁄4 Peru
1 1
b. Ishan Gossypium barbadense 1 ⁄8 to 1 ⁄4 West Africa
1 1
c. Ashmouni (uppers) Gossypium barbadense 1 ⁄16 to 1 ⁄8 Egypt
5. Short staple, rough barbadenses:
a. Iquitos Gossypium barbadense 1to1 ⁄16 Peru
15 1
b. Lengupa Gossypium barbadense ⁄16 to 1 ⁄16 Colombia
6. Perennial tree cottons:
1 3
a. West Indian Gossypium hirsutum var Marie-Galante 1 ⁄8 to 1 ⁄8 West Indies
1 3
b. Sertao and Serido Gossypium hirsutum var Marie-Galante 1 ⁄8 to 1 ⁄8 Brazil
3 1
KAPOK Ceiba pentandra ⁄4 to ⁄4 Tropics
3 1
Milkweed Floss Asclepias various sp ⁄4 to ⁄4 North America
Ozone fiber Asclepias sp incarnata United States
Pochote Ceiba aesculifolia Mexico
Samchu Chorisia species South America
A
Preferred or most common names are in capital letters; botanical names are in italics. The abbreviation sp is for the word “species,” the subdivisions of a genus.
´1
D7641 − 10 (2014)
TABLE 3 Vegetable Fibers: Bast and Leaf
A
Commercial and Botanical Name Description Geographical Regions
ABACA Musa textilis Neé hard leaf fiber Philippine Islands, Central America, Borneo,
Sumatra
Abutilon avcennae Gaertn See Abutilon theophrasti Medic medii
Abutilon longicuspe Zada buack coarse bast fiber
Abutilon periplocifolium Maholtine coarse bast fiber
Abutilon theophrasti Sweet Medic medii CHINESE JUTE coarse bast fiber China
Aechmae magdalenae André Pita floja fine leaf fiber Central and South America
AFRICAN SISAL Agave sisalana, Perrine & Engelm hard leaf fiber
Agave cantala Roxb CANTALA hard leaf fiber East Indies, Philippine Islands
Agave cocui Trel Dispopo coarse leaf fiber
Agave hexapetala Jacq Cocuiza coarse leaf fiber
Agave deweyana Trel Zapupe larga hard leaf fiber Mexico
Agave falcata Engelm Guapilla hard leaf fiber Mexico
Agave fourcroydes Lem HENEQUEN coarse leaf fiber Mexico, Cuba, Australia
Agave funkiana Koch & Bouché JAUMAVE ISTLE hard leaf fiber Mexico
Agave lespinassei Trel Zapupe fuerte hard leaf fiber Mexico
Agave letonae F. W. Taylor SALVADOR SISAL coarse leaf fiber El Salvador
Agave lophanta var. poselgeri (Salm-Dyck)
Berger TULA ISTLE hard leaf fiber Mexico
Agave pesa-mulae Trel Pata de mula, pie de mula hard leaf fiber Mexico
Agave pseudotequilana Trel Mescal hard leaf fiber Mexico
Agave sisalana Perrine& Engelm SISAL hard leaf fiber Mexico, Brazil, Kenya, Tanganyika, Uganda,
Angola, Mozambique, Haiti, Java, Sumatra
Agave striata Zucc Espandinin hard leaf fiber Mexico
Agave tequilana Weber MESCAL hard leaf fiber Mexico
Agave zapupe Trel ZAPUPE hard leaf fiber Mexico
Ake-ire Urenia lobata Cav bast fiber
Aloes creole
Aloes fiber
See Furcraea gigantea Vent true aloe is not a
Aloes malgache fiber plant
Ambari Hibiscus cannabrius L coarse bast fiber
Ananas comosus L. (Merr) PINEAPPLE FIBER fine leaf fiber West Indies, Philippine Islands
Apocynum sp Kendyr soft bast fiber Russia
Aramina Urena lobata Cav bast fiber
Arghan Aechmea magdalenae André
Asclepias incurnata L Swamp milk weed soft bast fiber United States
Awasthe hemp Hibiscus cannabinus L (not hemp) bast fiber
Bamia Urena lobata Cav
BANANA Musa sapientum L leaf fiber
Banana yucca Yucca mohavensis Sarg
Ban ochra Urena lobata Cav
Bariala Sida micrantha Schrank
Barreta Samuela carnerosana Trel
BEAR GRASS Nolina sp, Yucca sp
Benares hemp Crotalaria juncea L (not hemp)
Benares sunn Crotalaria
B
Billbergia infuscata Infuscata soft leaf fiber South America
Bimli jute
Bimli patam } Hibiscus cannabinus L (not jute)
Boehmeria nivea (L) Gaud RAMIE, China grass soft bast fiber Japan, China, Brazil, United States
Bolo-bolo Urena lobata Cav
Bombay aloe Furcraea gigantea Vent (not true aloe)
Bombay hemp Crotalaria jungea L (not hemp)
Bowstring hemp Sansevieria sp (not hemp)
Brazilian jute Corchorus sp (Hibiscus and Urena are not
jute)
Bromelia magdalenae See Aechmea magdalenae André
Bromelia karatas L Gravata soft leaf fiber Brazil
Bromelia laciniosa Mart & Schult Macambira soft leaf fiber Brazil
Bromelia longissima Aechmea magdalenae André soft leaf fiber Brazil
Bromelia sagenaria Pseudaranus sagenarius (Arruda) Camargo soft leaf fiber Brazil
Broom fiber Cystisus scoparius (L) Link, and/or Spartium
junceum L
Brown hemp Crotalaria juncea L (not hemp)
Cabulla Furcraea cabuya Trel
Cabuya Furcraea cabuya Trel
Cabuya blanca
Cabuya blancho
Cabuya sin espina F. cabuya var. integra Trel
Cadillo
Caesar weed } Urena lobata Cav
Calotropis gigantea Dry & Ait Akund
´1
D7641 − 10 (2014)
TABLE 3 Continued
A
Commercial and Botanical Name Description Geographical Regions
Canamo
Canamo } Spanish word for hemp
Candilla
Candillo } Urena lobata Cav
Canhamo Urena lobata Cav
Cannabis sativa L HEMP soft bast fiber all temperate zones
CANTALA Agave cantala Roxb; differs from maguey in
retting
CAROA, Carua Neoglaziova variegata Mez
Carrapicho Urena lobata Cav
Cebu hemp Musa textilis Née (not hemp)
CEBU MAGUEY Agave cantala Roxb (retted differently from
Cantala)
Cephalonema sp Punga bast fiber Belgian Congo
Chanvre French word for hemp
Chaparral yucca Hesperoyucca whipplei (Torr) Trel
China grass Boehmeria nivea (L) Gaud
CHINESE JUTE Abutilon theophrasti Medic Medii
Chingma Abutilon theophrasti Medic
Chino azul Agave tequilana Weber
Chino bermejo Agave palmaris Trel
Chique-chique Leopoldinia piassaba Wallace& Archer
Chuchao Furcraea andine Trel
Coconada hemp Crotalaria juncea L (not hemp)
Cocuiza Furcraea humboldtiana Trel F hexapetalla,
(Jacq) Urb
Cocuiza mansa Furcraea gigantea Vent
CONGO JUTE Urena lobata Cav (not jute) bast fiber Belgian Congo, Brazil, Argentina, Venezuela,
Cuba
Corchorus capsularis L JUTE (white jute) soft bast fiber Pakistan, India
Corchorus olitorius L TOSSA, DAISEE (jutes) soft bast fiber Pakistan, India
Cousin rouge Urena lobata Cav
Crotalaria juncea L SUNN (not hemp) hard bast fiber India
Cuban jute Urena sp. Malva sp Sida sp (not jute)
Cuban sisal Agave fourcroydes Lem
Culut culutan Urena lobata Cav
Cytisus scuparius (L) Link Broom fiber, Spanish broom soft bast fiber Italy, Spain
Da Hibiscus cannabinus L
DAISEE JUTE Corchorus olitorius L
Davao hemp Musa textiles Nèe (not hemp)
Deccan hemp Hibiscus cannabinus (not hemp)
Dha Hibiscus cannabinus L
Dispopo Agave cocui Trel
Ensete edulis (Gmel) Horan Musa ensete Gmel
Escobilla Sida sp
Espadinum Agave striata Zucc
FIQUE Furcraea macrophylla Baker
Flax Linum usitatissimum L soft bast fiber Argentina, Australia, Belarus, Belgium,
Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Chile,
China, Czech Republic, Egypt,
Estonia, France, Germany, Hungary,
India, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Netherlands, New Zealand,
Poland, Romania, Russia, Ukraine,
United States, Yugoslavia
FORMIO Phormium tenax Forst
French hemp Cannabis sativa L
Furcraea andina Trel Chuchao hard leaf fiber Ecuador
Furcraea cabuya Trel Cabuya hard leaf fiber Central America
Furcraea cubensis Cabulla hard leaf fiber Haiti, Cuba, Venezuela, Dominican Republic
Furcraea geminispina Jacobi Cocuiza hard leaf fiber Venezuela
Furcraea gingantea Vent Piteira, cocuiza mansa hard leaf fiber Mauritius, Venezuela, Brazil, Tropics
Furcraea hexapetala (Jacq) Urb Furcraea cubensis hard leaf fiber Haiti, Cuba, Venezuela, Dominican Republic
Furcraea hemboldtiana Trel Cocuiza hard leaf fiber Venezuela
Furcraea macrophylla Baker FIQUE hard leaf fiber Colombia
Galla Musa ensete-Ensete edulis (Gmel) Horan
Gambo hemp Hibiscus cannabinus L (not hemp)
Gombo hemp Hibiscus cannabinus L (not hemp)
Grand cousin Urena lobata Cav
Grand mahot cousin Urena lobata Cav
Gravata Bromelia Karatus L
Guapilla Agave falcata Engelm
GUAXIMA Urena lobata Cav
Guaxima roxa Urena lobata Cav
Guaxima vermehla Urena lobata Cav
´1
D7641 − 10 (2014)
TABLE 3 Continued
A
Commercial and Botanical Name Description Geographical Regions
Guiazo Urena lobata Cav
HAITIAN SISAL Agave sisalana Perrine & Engelm
Hanf German word for hemp Austria, Bulgaria, Chile, China,
Germany, Hungary, Italy, Poland,
Romania, Russia, Syria, United States,
Yugoslavia
HEMP Cannabis sativa L
HENEQUEN Agave fourcroydes Lem
Hennup Dutch word for hemp
Hesperaloe funifera (Koch) Trel ZAMANDOQUE hard leaf fiber Mexico
Hesperoyucca whipplei (Torr) Trel YUCCA hard leaf fiber United States
Hibiscus cannabinus L KENAF, MESHTA, Ambari, Bimlipatam,
Awasthe, Deccan, Dha, Gambo bast fiber Russia, Persia, India, South America, United
States, Cuba
Hibiscus abelmoschus L Musk hemp soft bast fiber India
Hibiscus esculentus L Ochra soft bast fiber United States
Hibiscus ferax Hook MESHTA soft bast fiber India, Brazil
Hibiscus kitaibelifolius St Hil Juta paulista soft bast fiber Brazil
C
Hibiscus radiatus Papoula de St Francis soft bast fiber Brazil
Hibiscus sabdariffa L ROSELLA soft bast fiber Java, Brazil
Ife hemp
Ifé Sansevieria sp (not hemp)
Indian hemp (United States) Apocynum cannabinum L (not hemp)
Ind
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation: D7641 − 10 D7641 − 10 (Reapproved 2014)
Standard Guide for
Textile Fibers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7641; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
ε NOTE—Editorial changes were made to Annex A1 in August 2014.
1. Scope
1.1 This guide lists fibers used to manufacture textile products.
1.2 Specific groups of fibers are identified using tables of standard classification.
1.2.1 Animal fibers are identified by commercial name, biological name, end use, and geographic source.
1.2.2 Vegetable fibers are identified by commercial name, botanical name, staple length or description, and geographic source.
1.2.3 Mineral fibers are identified by commercial name, mineralogical name, chemical description, and geographic source.
1.2.4 Manufactured fibers are identified by commercial name, generic name, and major component.
1.3 Major fiber types used for textile purposes are further classified.
1.3.1 Manufactured fibers are identified as having either an organic base or inorganic base.
1.3.2 Natural fibers are identified as having a cellulosic, protein, or mineral base.
1.4 A glossary of generic names and definitions for manufactured fibers is included as additional information.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
2.2 ISO Standards:
ISO 2076:1999 (E) Textiles–Man-made Fibers–Generic Names
2.3 Other Documents:
Code of Federal Regulations, Title 16, Section 303.7
3. Terminology
3.1 For definitions of textile terms used in the guide see Terminology D123.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 This guide is intended for use as a reference to improve the understanding of the relationship between commercial name,
fiber identification and geographical regions of fiber origins that make up the composition of textile products.
4.2 This guide is intended to be used as a source of information only.
4.2.1 Detailed analysis, to verify specific data related to the composition of a particular fiber, may be necessary.
5. Animal (Protein Base) Fibers
5.1 See Table 1.
TABLE 1 Animal (Protein-Base) Fibers
A
Commercial and Biological Name Use Geographical Regions
ALPACA WOOL Llama glama textiles South America, North America
American ring tail Bassariscusbacus astutus soft brushes North America
Angora See Rabbit, Angora, Mohair
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textiles and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.92 on Terminology.
Current edition approved June 1, 2010July 1, 2014. Published July 2010August 2015. DOI: 10.1520/D7641-10.10.1520/D7641-10R14E01.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
´1
D7641 − 10 (2014)
TABLE 1 Continued
A
Commercial and Biological Name Use Geographical Regions
Badger Meles meles soft brushes Asia, Europe
Camelus dromedarius textiles, soft Asia
h
Camelus bactrianus textiles, coarse Asia
CAMEL HAIR
“Camel hair” See Squirrel soft brushes Asia, North America
CASHMERE HAIR Caprahircus sp (Goat) textiles Asia
Cattle hair Bos taurus upholstery Asia, Europe
“Civet,” “Black Sable” See Spotted Skunk
“Fitch” Mephitis mephitis et al (Skunk) soft brushes North America
Fox Vulpes fulva stuffing North America, Europe
Genet Genetta soft brushes Africa, Asia, Europe
Goat hair Capra sp soft brushes Asia
Hog bristle Sus scrofa paint brushes Asia, North America
Horse hair, body Equus caballus upholstery, felts Asia, Europe, North America, South America
Horse hair, mane and tail Equus caballus upholstery Asia, Europe
Kolinksy See Sable, red
LLAMA WOOL Llama glama textiles South America
Mink See Sable, red
MOHAIR Caprahircus (Angora goat) textiles Asia, Africa, North America
Muskrat, Northern Ondatra zibethicus textiles North America, Russia
Muskrat, Southern Ondatra rivalicia textiles North America
Ox hair, ear Bos taurus soft brushes Asia, Europe, North America
Pony Equus caballus soft brushes, felts Asia
RABBIT, COMMON Oryctolagus cuniculus fur felt Australia, Europe, Asia, North America
RABBIT, ANGORA Oryctolagus cuniculus textiles Europe, North America
Sable, red Mustela sibirica (Kolinksy, China Mink, Jap Mink) soft brushes, stuffing Asia
SHEEP WOOL Ovis aries et al. textiles all continents
Skunk See “Fitch”
Skunk, Spotted Spilogale sp soft brushes North America
Squirrel Sciurus vulgaris et al. soft brushes Asia, North America
SILK Bombyx mori textiles Asia, Europe
SILK, TUSSAH Antheraea paphia et al. textiles Asia
VICUNA WOOL Llama vicugna textiles South America
A
The most common names are in capital letters; biological names are in italics.
6. Vegetable Fibers
6.1 See Tables 2-4.
TABLE 2 Vegetable Fibers: Seed and Fruit-Hair
NOTE 1—The physical origins and the botanical classifications in Tables 2-4 were reviewed by the U.S. Department of Agriculture.
A
Commercial and Botanical Name Staple Length, in. Geographical Regions
Akund Calotropis gigantes Asia
Gossypium, various sp
COTTON Gossypium sp
3 7
1. American Upland Gossypium hirsutum ⁄4 to 1 ⁄16 all continents
2. Asiatic cultivated
a. Chinese Gossypium arboreum ⁄8 to 1 China
b. Indian Gossypium arboreum ⁄8 to 1 India
Gossypium herbaceum
c. Levantine Gossypium herbaceum ⁄2 to 1 Asia
3. Extra-long staple barbadenses:
1 5
a. Egyptian Gossypium barbadense 1 ⁄8 to 1 ⁄8 Egypt, Sudan, Peru
3 1
b. American Egyptian Gossypium barbadense 1 ⁄8 to 1 ⁄2 United States
c. Sea Island Gossypium barbadense 1 ⁄2 to 2 West Indies
4. Medium staple, semi-rough bar-
badenses:
1 1
a. Tanguis Gossypium barbadense 1 ⁄8 to 1 ⁄4 Peru
1 1
b. Ishan Gossypium barbadense 1 ⁄8 to 1 ⁄4 West Africa
1 1
c. Ashmouni (uppers) Gossypium barbadense 1 ⁄16 to 1 ⁄8 Egypt
5. Short staple, rough barbadenses:
a. Iquitos Gossypium barbadense 1 to 1 ⁄16 Peru
15 1
b. Lengupa Gossypium barbadense ⁄16 to 1 ⁄16 Colombia
6. Perennial tree cottons:
1 3
a. West Indian Gossypium hirsutum var Marie-Galante 1 ⁄8 to 1 ⁄8 West Indies
1 3
b. Sertao and Serido Gossypium hirsutum var Marie-Galante 1 ⁄8 to 1 ⁄8 Brazil
3 1
KAPOK Ceiba pentandra ⁄4 to ⁄4 Tropics
3 1
Milkweed Floss Asclepias various sp ⁄4 to ⁄4 North America
Ozone fiber Asclepias sp incarnata United States
Pochote Ceiba aesculifolia Mexico
Samchu Chorisia species South America
A
Preferred or most common names are in capital letters; botanical names are in italics. The abbreviation sp is for the word “species,” the subdivisions of a genus.
´1
D7641 − 10 (2014)
TABLE 3 Vegetable Fibers: Bast and Leaf
A
Commercial and Botanical Name Description Geographical Regions
ABACA Musa textilis Neé hard leaf fiber Philippine Islands, Central America, Borneo,
Sumatra
Abutilon avcennae Gaertn See Abutilon theophrasti Medic medii
Abutilon longicuspe Zada buack coarse bast fiber
Abutilon periplocifolium Maholtine coarse bast fiber
Abutilon theophrasti Sweet Medic medii CHINESE JUTE coarse bast fiber China
Aechmae magdalenae André Pita floja fine leaf fiber Central and South America
AFRICAN SISAL Agave sisalana, Perrine & Engelm hard leaf fiber
Agave cantala Roxb CANTALA hard leaf fiber East Indies, Philippine Islands
Agave cocui Trel Dispopo coarse leaf fiber
Agave hexapetala Jacq Cocuiza coarse leaf fiber
Agave deweyana Trel Zapupe larga hard leaf fiber Mexico
Agave falcata Engelm Guapilla hard leaf fiber Mexico
Agave fourcroydes Lem HENEQUEN coarse leaf fiber Mexico, Cuba, Australia
Agave funkiana Koch & Bouché JAUMAVE ISTLE hard leaf fiber Mexico
Agave lespinassei Trel Zapupe fuerte hard leaf fiber Mexico
Agave letonae F. W. Taylor SALVADOR SISAL coarse leaf fiber El Salvador
Agave lophanta var. poselgeri (Salm-Dyck)
Berger TULA ISTLE hard leaf fiber Mexico
Agave pesa-mulae Trel Pata de mula, pie de mula hard leaf fiber Mexico
Agave pseudotequilana Trel Mescal hard leaf fiber Mexico
Agave sisalana Perrine& Engelm SISAL hard leaf fiber Mexico, Brazil, Kenya, Tanganyika, Uganda,
Angola, Mozambique, Haiti, Java, Sumatra
Agave striata Zucc Espandinin hard leaf fiber Mexico
Agave tequilana Weber MESCAL hard leaf fiber Mexico
Agave zapupe Trel ZAPUPE hard leaf fiber Mexico
Ake-ire Urenia lobata Cav bast fiber
Aloes creole
Aloes fiber
See Furcraea gigantea Vent true aloe is not a
Aloes malgache fiber plant
Ambari Hibiscus cannabrius L coarse bast fiber
Ananas comosus L. (Merr) PINEAPPLE FIBER fine leaf fiber West Indies, Philippine Islands
Apocynum sp Kendyr soft bast fiber Russia
Aramina Urena lobata Cav bast fiber
Arghan Aechmea magdalenae André
Asclepias incurnata L Swamp milk weed soft bast fiber United States
Awasthe hemp Hibiscus cannabinus L (not hemp) bast fiber
Bamia Urena lobata Cav
BANANA Musa sapientum L leaf fiber
Banana yucca Yucca mohavensis Sarg
Ban ochra Urena lobata Cav
Bariala Sida micrantha Schrank
Barreta Samuela carnerosana Trel
BEAR GRASS Nolina sp, Yucca sp
Benares hemp Crotalaria juncea L (not hemp)
Benares sunn Crotalaria
B
Billbergia infuscata Infuscata soft leaf fiber South America
Bimli jute
Bimli patam } Hibiscus cannabinus L (not jute)
Boehmeria nivea (L) Gaud RAMIE, China grass soft bast fiber Japan, China, Brazil, United States
Bolo-bolo Urena lobata Cav
Bombay aloe Furcraea gigantea Vent (not true aloe)
Bombay hemp Crotalaria jungea L (not hemp)
Bowstring hemp Sansevieria sp (not hemp)
Brazilian jute Corchorus sp (Hibiscus and Urena are not
jute)
Bromelia magdalenae See Aechmea magdalenae André
Bromelia karatas L Gravata soft leaf fiber Brazil
Bromelia laciniosa Mart & Schult Macambira soft leaf fiber Brazil
Bromelia longissima Aechmea magdalenae André soft leaf fiber Brazil
Bromelia sagenaria Pseudaranus sagenarius (Arruda) Camargo soft leaf fiber Brazil
Broom fiber Cystisus scoparius (L) Link, and/or Spartium
junceum L
Brown hemp Crotalaria juncea L (not hemp)
Cabulla Furcraea cabuya Trel
Cabuya Furcraea cabuya Trel
Cabuya blanca
Cabuya blancho
Cabuya sin espina F. cabuya var. integra Trel
Cadillo
Caesar weed } Urena lobata Cav
Calotropis gigantea Dry & Ait Akund
´1
D7641 − 10 (2014)
TABLE 3 Continued
A
Commercial and Botanical Name Description Geographical Regions
Canamo
Canamo } Spanish word for hemp
Candilla
Candillo } Urena lobata Cav
Canhamo Urena lobata Cav
Cannabis sativa L HEMP soft bast fiber all temperate zones
CANTALA Agave cantala Roxb; differs from maguey in
retting
CAROA, Carua Neoglaziova variegata Mez
Carrapicho Urena lobata Cav
Cebu hemp Musa textilis Née (not hemp)
CEBU MAGUEY Agave cantala Roxb (retted differently from
Cantala)
Cephalonema sp Punga bast fiber Belgian Congo
Chanvre French word for hemp
Chaparral yucca Hesperoyucca whipplei (Torr) Trel
China grass Boehmeria nivea (L) Gaud
CHINESE JUTE Abutilon theophrasti Medic Medii
Chingma Abutilon theophrasti Medic
Chino azul Agave tequilana Weber
Chino bermejo Agave palmaris Trel
Chique-chique Leopoldinia piassaba Wallace& Archer
Chuchao Furcraea andine Trel
Coconada hemp Crotalaria juncea L (not hemp)
Cocuiza Furcraea humboldtiana Trel F hexapetalla,
(Jacq) Urb
Cocuiza mansa Furcraea gigantea Vent
CONGO JUTE Urena lobata Cav (not jute) bast fiber Belgian Congo, Brazil, Argentina, Venezuela,
Cuba
Corchorus capsularis L JUTE (white jute) soft bast fiber Pakistan, India
Corchorus olitorius L TOSSA, DAISEE (jutes) soft bast fiber Pakistan, India
Cousin rouge Urena lobata Cav
Crotalaria juncea L SUNN (not hemp) hard bast fiber India
Cuban jute Urena sp. Malva sp Sida sp (not jute)
Cuban sisal Agave fourcroydes Lem
Culut culutan Urena lobata Cav
Cytisus scuparius (L) Link Broom fiber, Spanish broom soft bast fiber Italy, Spain
Da Hibiscus cannabinus L
DAISEE JUTE Corchorus olitorius L
Davao hemp Musa textiles Nèe (not hemp)
Deccan hemp Hibiscus cannabinus (not hemp)
Dha Hibiscus cannabinus L
Dispopo Agave cocui Trel
Ensete edulis (Gmel) Horan Musa ensete Gmel
Escobilla Sida sp
Espadinum Agave striata Zucc
FIQUE Furcraea macrophylla Baker
Flax Linum usitatissimum L soft bast fiber Argentina, Australia, Belarus, Belgium,
Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Chile,
China, Czech Republic, Egypt,
Estonia, France, Germany, Hungary,
India, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Netherlands, New Zealand,
Poland, Romania, Russia, Ukraine,
United States, Yugoslavia
FORMIO Phormium tenax Forst
French hemp Cannabis sativa L
Furcraea andina Trel Chuchao hard leaf fiber Ecuador
Furcraea cabuya Trel Cabuya hard leaf fiber Central America
Furcraea cubensis Cabulla hard leaf fiber Haiti, Cuba, Venezuela, Dominican Republic
Furcraea geminispina Jacobi Cocuiza hard leaf fiber Venezuela
Furcraea gingantea Vent Piteira, cocuiza mansa hard leaf fiber Mauritius, Venezuela, Brazil, Tropics
Furcraea hexapetala (Jacq) Urb Furcraea cubensis hard leaf fiber Haiti, Cuba, Venezuela, Dominican Republic
Furcraea hemboldtiana Trel Cocuiza hard leaf fiber Venezuela
Furcraea macrophylla Baker FIQUE hard leaf fiber Colombia
Galla Musa ensete-Ensete edulis (Gmel) Horan
Gambo hemp Hibiscus cannabinus L (not hemp)
Gombo hemp Hibiscus cannabinus L (not hemp)
Grand cousin Urena lobata Cav
Grand mahot cousin Urena lobata Cav
Gravata Bromelia Karatus L
Guapilla Agave falcata Engelm
GUAXIMA Urena lobata Cav
Guaxima roxa Urena lobata Cav
Guaxima vermehla Urena lobata Cav
´1
D7641 − 10 (2014)
TABLE 3 Continued
A
Commercial and Botanical Name Description Geographical Regions
Guiazo Urena lobata Cav
HAITIAN SISAL Agave sisalana Perrine & Engelm
Hanf German word for hemp Austria, Bulgaria, Chile, China,
Germany, Hungary, Italy, Poland,
Romania, Russia, Syria, United States,
Yugoslavia
HEMP Cannabis sativa L
HENEQUEN Agave fourcroydes Lem
Hennup Dutch word for hemp
Hesperaloe funifera (Koch) Trel ZAMANDOQUE hard leaf fiber Mexico
Hesperoyucca whipplei (Torr) Trel YUCCA hard leaf fiber United States
Hibiscus cannabinus L KENAF, MESHTA, Ambari, Bimlipatam,
Awasthe, Deccan, Dha, Gambo bast fiber Russia, Persia, India, South America, United
States, Cuba
Hibiscus abelmoschus L Musk hemp soft bast fiber India
Hibiscus esculentus L Ochra soft bast fiber United States
Hibiscus ferax Hook ME
...