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ASTM D6763-08

(Guide)

Standard Guide for Testing Exterior Wood Stains and Clear Water Repellents

Standard Guide for Testing Exterior Wood Stains and Clear Water Repellents

ABSTRACT
This guide covers the selection and use of procedures for testing exterior wood stains. This includes both water borne and solvent borne semitransparent and opaque stains. The different conditions that affect coatings are presented in details. The balance of properties must be considered when establishing the requirements and selecting the tests. The different test methods in determining the liquid coating properties are enumerated and discussed. The different methods in determining the coating application and film formation are presented and discussed in details. The different test methods of determining the appearance of dry films are presented. The different test method of determining the dry coating properties are presented in details. The different test methods and practices in performing the chemical analysis of exterior woods are presented in details. Although many of the recommended test methods attempt to simulate conditions under which coatings are applied and used, it is not possible to duplicate accurately all possible conditions. Testing materials, including appropriate controls, under field conditions is recommended for the final evaluation of suitability.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the selection and use of procedures for testing exterior wood stains and clear water repellents. This includes both water borne and solvent borne semitransparent and opaque stains and clear water repellents. The properties that can be examined or, in some cases, the relevant test procedures are listed in 2.1 and 2.2.
Note 1—The term “opaque stain” is defined as a pigmented composition intended for use on wooden surfaces to produce a uniform finish that obscures the grain and color of the wood, but not its surface texture; also called solid color or solid hide.
Note 2—The term “semitransparent” is defined as a pigmented composition intended for use on wooden surfaces to produce a uniform finish that does not fully obscure the grain or the texture of the wood.
Note 3—The term “clear” is defined as a transparent composition intended for use on wooden surfaces to produce a uniform finish that does not obscure the grain or texture of the wood.
1.1.1 Discussion—When applied to woods that differ in color, there is a color difference between stained substrates.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Oct-2008
ICS
79.040 - Wood, sawlogs and sawn timber
Technical Committee
D01 - Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
Drafting Committee
D01.42 - Architectural Coatings
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D6763-02 - Standard Guide for Testing Exterior Wood Stains
Effective Date
01-Nov-2008
Replaced By
ASTM D6763-08(2014) - Standard Guide for Testing Exterior Wood Stains and Clear Water Repellents
Effective Date
15-Sep-2014

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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D6763 − 08
StandardGuide for
1
Testing Exterior Wood Stains and Clear Water Repellents
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6763; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D56 Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Cup Tester
D93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens
1.1 This guide covers the selection and use of procedures
Closed Cup Tester
for testing exterior wood stains and clear water repellents.This
D154 Guide for Testing Varnishes
includes both water borne and solvent borne semitransparent
D185 Test Methods for Coarse Particles in Pigments
and opaque stains and clear water repellents. The properties
D215 Practice for the Chemical Analysis of White Linseed
that can be examined or, in some cases, the relevant test
3
Oil Paints (Withdrawn 2005)
procedures are listed in 2.1 and 2.2.
D344 Test Method for Relative Hiding Power of Paints by
NOTE 1—The term “opaque stain” is defined as a pigmented composi-
the Visual Evaluation of Brushouts
tion intended for use on wooden surfaces to produce a uniform finish that
D358 Specification for Wood to Be Used as Panels in
obscures the grain and color of the wood, but not its surface texture; also
Weathering Tests of Coatings
called solid color or solid hide.
D522 Test Methods for Mandrel Bend Test of Attached
NOTE 2—The term “semitransparent” is defined as a pigmented
composition intended for use on wooden surfaces to produce a uniform
Organic Coatings
finish that does not fully obscure the grain or the texture of the wood.
D523 Test Method for Specular Gloss
NOTE 3—The term “clear” is defined as a transparent composition
D562 Test Method for Consistency of Paints Measuring
intended for use on wooden surfaces to produce a uniform finish that does
KrebsUnit(KU)ViscosityUsingaStormer-TypeViscom-
not obscure the grain or texture of the wood.
eter
1.1.1 Discussion—When applied to woods that differ in
D660 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Checking of
color, there is a color difference between stained substrates.
Exterior Paints
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
D661 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Cracking of
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
Exterior Paints
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
D662 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Erosion of
and are not considered standard.
Exterior Paints
D714 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Blistering of
1.3 This standard may involve hazardous materials,
Paints
operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to
D772 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Flaking (Scal-
address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its
ing) of Exterior Paints
use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to
D869 TestMethodforEvaluatingDegreeofSettlingofPaint
establish appropriate safety and health practices and deter-
D968 Test Methods for Abrasion Resistance of Organic
mine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.
Coatings by Falling Abrasive
2. Referenced Documents D1006 Practice for Conducting Exterior Exposure Tests of
2
Paints on Wood
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1038 Terminology Relating to Veneer and Plywood
D16 TerminologyforPaint,RelatedCoatings,Materials,and
D1210 Test Method for Fineness of Dispersion of Pigment-
Applications
Vehicle Systems by Hegman-Type Gage
D1296 Test Method for Odor of Volatile Solvents and
Diluents
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint and
Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of D1475 Test Method For Density of Liquid Coatings, Inks,
Subcommittee D01.42 on Architectural Coatings.
and Related Products
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2008. Published December 2008. Originally
D1554 Terminology Relating to Wood-Base Fiber and Par-
approved in 2002. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D6763 - 02. DOI:
ticle Panel Materials
10.1520/D6763-08.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
the ASTM website. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6763 − 08
D1640 Test Methods for Drying, Curing, or Film Formation D3928 Test Method for Evaluation of Glos
...

This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D6763–02 Designation:D6763–08
Standard Guide for
Testing Exterior Wood StainsTesting Exterior Wood Stains
1
and Clear Water Repellents
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6763; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This guide covers the selection and use of procedures for testing exterior wood stains and clear water repellents. This
includes both water borne and solvent borne semitransparent and opaque stains and clear water repellents. The properties that can
be examined or, in some cases, the relevant test procedures are listed in 2.1 and 2.2.
NOTE 1—Theterm“opaquestain”isdefinedasapigmentedcompositionintendedforuseonwoodensurfacestoproduceauniformfinishthatobscures
the grain and color of the wood, but not its surface texture; also called solid color or solid hide.
NOTE 2—The term “semitransparent” is defined as a pigmented composition intended for use on wooden surfaces to produce a uniform finish that does
not fully obscure the grain or the texture of the wood.
NOTE 3—The term “clear” is defined as a transparent composition intended for use on wooden surfaces to produce a uniform finish that does not
obscure the grain or texture of the wood.
1.1.1 Discussion—When applied to woods that differ in color, there is a color difference between stained substrates.
1.2
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all
of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate
safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D16 Terminology for Paint, Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
D56 Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Cup Tester
D93 Test Methods for Flash- Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Tester
D 154 Guide for Testing Varnishes
4
D 185 Test Methods for Coarse Particles in Pigments, Pastes, and Paints Test Methods for Coarse Particles in Pigments
D 215 Practice for the Chemical Analysis of White Linseed Oil Paints
D 344 Test Method for Relative Hiding Power of Paints by the Visual Evaluation of Brushouts
D 358 Specification for Wood Toto Be Used Asas Panels in Weathering Tests of Coatings
D 522 Test Methods for Mandrel Bend Test of Attached Organic Coatings
D 523 Test Method for Specular Gloss
D 562 Test Method for Consistency of Paints Measuring Krebs Unit (KU) Viscosity Using a Stormer-Type Viscometer
D 660 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Checking of Exterior Paints
D 661 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Cracking of Exterior Paints
D 662 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Erosion of Exterior Paints
D 714 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Blistering of Paints
D 772 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Flaking (Scaling) of Exterior Paints
D 869 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Settling of Paint
D 968 Test Methods for Abrasion Resistance of Organic Coatings by Falling Abrasive
1
ThisguideisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD01onPaintandRelatedCoatings,Materials,andApplicationsandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommittee
D01.42 on Architectural Coatings.
Current edition approved Feb. 10, 2002. Published April 2002.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2008. Published December 2008. Originally approved in 2002. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D 6763 - 02.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
, Vol 06.01.volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6763–08
D 1006 Practice for Conducting Exterior Exposure Tests of Paints on Wood
D 1038 Terminology Relating to Veneer and Plywood
D 1210 Test Method for Fineness of Dispersion of Pigment-Vehicle Systems by
...

This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D6763–02 Designation:D6763–08
Standard Guide for
Testing Exterior Wood StainsTesting Exterior Wood Stains
1
and Clear Water Repellents
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6763; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This guide covers the selection and use of procedures for testing exterior wood stains and clear water repellents. This
includes both water borne and solvent borne semitransparent and opaque stains and clear water repellents. The properties that can
be examined or, in some cases, the relevant test procedures are listed in 2.1 and 2.2.
NOTE 1—Theterm“opaquestain”isdefinedasapigmentedcompositionintendedforuseonwoodensurfacestoproduceauniformfinishthatobscures
the grain and color of the wood, but not its surface texture; also called solid color or solid hide.
NOTE 2—The term “semitransparent” is defined as a pigmented composition intended for use on wooden surfaces to produce a uniform finish that does
not fully obscure the grain or the texture of the wood.
NOTE 3—The term “clear” is defined as a transparent composition intended for use on wooden surfaces to produce a uniform finish that does not
obscure the grain or texture of the wood.
1.1.1 Discussion—When applied to woods that differ in color, there is a color difference between stained substrates.
1.2
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all
of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate
safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D16 Terminology for Paint, Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
D56 Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Cup Tester
D93 Test Methods for Flash- Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Tester
D 154 Guide for Testing Varnishes
4
D 185 Test Methods for Coarse Particles in Pigments, Pastes, and Paints Test Methods for Coarse Particles in Pigments
D 215 Practice for the Chemical Analysis of White Linseed Oil Paints
D 344 Test Method for Relative Hiding Power of Paints by the Visual Evaluation of Brushouts
D 358 Specification for Wood Toto Be Used Asas Panels in Weathering Tests of Coatings
D 522 Test Methods for Mandrel Bend Test of Attached Organic Coatings
D 523 Test Method for Specular Gloss
D 562 Test Method for Consistency of Paints Measuring Krebs Unit (KU) Viscosity Using a Stormer-Type Viscometer
D 660 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Checking of Exterior Paints
D 661 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Cracking of Exterior Paints
D 662 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Erosion of Exterior Paints
D 714 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Blistering of Paints
D 772 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Flaking (Scaling) of Exterior Paints
D 869 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Settling of Paint
D 968 Test Methods for Abrasion Resistance of Organic Coatings by Falling Abrasive
1
ThisguideisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD01onPaintandRelatedCoatings,Materials,andApplicationsandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommittee
D01.42 on Architectural Coatings.
Current edition approved Feb. 10, 2002. Published April 2002.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2008. Published December 2008. Originally approved in 2002. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D 6763 - 02.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
, Vol 06.01.volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6763–08
D 1006 Practice for Conducting Exterior Exposure Tests of Paints on Wood
D 1038 Terminology Relating to Veneer and Plywood
D 1210 Test Method for Fineness of Dispersion of Pigment-Vehicle Systems by
...

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ASTM D6763-16(2022)(Guide)
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ABSTRACT
This guide covers the selection and use of procedures for testing exterior wood stains. This includes both water borne and solvent borne semitransparent and opaque stains. The different conditions that affect coatings are presented in details. The balance of properties must be considered when establishing the requirements and selecting the tests. The different test methods in determining the liquid coating properties are enumerated and discussed. The different methods in determining the coating application and film formation are presented and discussed in details. The different test methods of determining the appearance of dry films are presented. The different test method of determining the dry coating properties are presented in details. The different test methods and practices in performing the chemical analysis of exterior woods are presented in details. Although many of the recommended test methods attempt to simulate conditions under which coatings are applied and used, it is not possible to duplicate accurately all possible conditions. Testing materials, including appropriate controls, under field conditions is recommended for the final evaluation of suitability.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the selection and use of procedures for testing exterior wood stains and clear water repellents. This includes both water borne and solvent borne semitransparent and opaque stains and clear water repellents. The properties that can be examined or, in some cases, the relevant test procedures are listed in 2.1 and 2.2.
Note 1: The term “opaque stain” is defined as a pigmented composition intended for use on wooden surfaces to produce a uniform finish that obscures the grain and color of the wood, but not its surface texture; also called solid color or solid hide.
Note 2: The term “semitransparent” is defined as a pigmented composition intended for use on wooden surfaces to produce a uniform finish that does not fully obscure the grain or the texture of the wood.
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1.1 This (laboratory) test method is used for determining the minimum concentration of fungicide, or formulation of fungicides, that is effective in preventing biodeterioration by sapstain fungi and molds in selected species of wood under optimum laboratory conditions.  
Note 1: From the results of this test, commercial treating solution concentrations cannot be estimated without further field tests.  
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ABSTRACT
This guide covers the selection and use of procedures for testing exterior wood stains. This includes both water borne and solvent borne semitransparent and opaque stains. The different conditions that affect coatings are presented in details. The balance of properties must be considered when establishing the requirements and selecting the tests. The different test methods in determining the liquid coating properties are enumerated and discussed. The different methods in determining the coating application and film formation are presented and discussed in details. The different test methods of determining the appearance of dry films are presented. The different test method of determining the dry coating properties are presented in details. The different test methods and practices in performing the chemical analysis of exterior woods are presented in details. Although many of the recommended test methods attempt to simulate conditions under which coatings are applied and used, it is not possible to duplicate accurately all possible conditions. Testing materials, including appropriate controls, under field conditions is recommended for the final evaluation of suitability.
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1.1 This test method covers fire-tube test procedures for fire tests for combustible properties of wood treated to reduce flammability. This test method relates to properties of treated wood, as such, rather than to the performance of a fabrication used as an element of construction. Performance under this test method shall be as prescribed in requirements applicable to materials intended for specific uses.  
1.2 This test method is a fire-test-response standard.  
1.3 The SI values given in parentheses are provided for information purposes only.  
1.4 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D198-22a(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods of Static Tests of Lumber in Structural Sizes

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
6.1 The flexural properties established by this test method provide:  
6.1.1 Data for use in development of grading rules and specifications;  
6.1.2 Data for use in development of design values for structural members;  
6.1.3 Data on the influence of imperfections on mechanical properties of structural members;  
6.1.4 Data on strength properties of different species or grades in various structural sizes;  
6.1.5 Data for use in checking existing equations or hypotheses relating to the structural behavior;  
6.1.6 Data on the effects of chemical or environmental conditions on mechanical properties;  
6.1.7 Data on effects of fabrication variables such as depth, taper, notches, or type of end joint in laminations; and  
6.1.8 Data on relationships between mechanical and physical properties.  
6.2 Procedures are described here in sufficient detail to permit duplication in different laboratories so that comparisons of results from different sources will be valid. Where special circumstances require deviation from some details of these procedures, these deviations shall be carefully described in the report (see Section 11).
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the evaluation of lumber and wood-based products in structural sizes by various testing procedures.  
1.2 The test methods appear in the following order:    
Sections    
Flexure  
4 – 11  
Compression (Short Specimen)  
13 – 20  
Compression (Long Specimen)  
21 – 28  
Tension  
29 – 36  
Torsion  
37 – 44  
Shear Modulus  
45 – 52  
1.3 Notations and symbols relating to the various testing procedures are given in Appendix X1.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM E661-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Performance of Wood and Wood-Based Floor and Roof Sheathing Under Concentrated Static and Impact Loads

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The procedures outlined will provide data that can be used to evaluate the structural performance, under concentrated loads, of roof and floor sheathing, separate from the effects of the framing, under simulated conditions representative of those in actual service.  
5.2 The procedures are intended to be applied to roof or floor sheathing materials installed directly to framing. They are not intended for the evaluation of the framed assembly as a whole.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers procedures for determining the resistance to deflection and damage of floor and roof sheathing used in site-built construction subjected to concentrated static loads as well as impact loads from nonrigid blunt objects. It is applicable to wood and wood-based panels and boards, but is not intended to cover profiled metal decks, nor precast or cast-in-place slabs. Surface indentation is not evaluated separately from deflection.  
1.2 Three applications are covered: roof sheathing, subfloors, and single floors. Roof sheathing is tested in both a dry and a wet condition, while subfloors and single floors are both tested in a dry condition, as well as a condition of having dried out after being wet. These moisture conditions are those commonly experienced with site-built construction.  
Note 1: Where it is anticipated that sheathing will be subjected only to dry conditions during construction and use, or else to greater moisture exposure than is indicated in 7.3.2, the corresponding exposure conditions may be modified by agreement between the interested parties. For example, shop-built construction may be tested dry only, although the possibility of exposure to high humidity or leaks and flooding during use should be considered.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D2395-17(2022)(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Relative Density) of Wood and Wood-Based Materials

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Density and specific gravity are cornerstone terms that help define many useful properties of wood and wood-based materials. These terms designate concepts that have distinct definitions though they relate to the same characteristic (mass in a unit volume). Generally, in the US and Canada, density of wood is measured in terms of specific gravity, or relative density. In the wood-based composites industry and internationally the term density is often preferred.  
5.2 The basic density and basic specific gravity of wood are used in the forestry industry for calculating the oven-dry weight of wood fiber contained in a known wood volume of various wood species. Thus, it serves as an indicator of the amount of wood pulp that could be produced, the workability of the material or its shipping weight. This information is referenced in various resources, including Wood Handbook.5 Note that specific gravity varies within a tree, between trees, and between species. Since the specific gravity of wood cell wall substance is practically constant for all species (approximately 1.53), it is apparent that individual specific gravity value is indicative of the amount of wood cell wall substance present. It affords a rapid and valuable test method for selection of wood for specific uses. In US and Canadian building codes, the oven-dry specific gravity is correlated to various strength characteristics of wood products (for example, compression perpendicular to grain, shear strength and fastener holding capacity).  
5.3 It is often desirable to know the density or specific gravity of a living tree, a structural member already in place, a log cross section, a segment of a research element, or the earlywood or latewood layer. Therefore, it is possible that specimens will be large or small, regular or irregular in shape, and at a variety of moisture contents. These test methods give procedures that include all of these variables and provides for calculation of density and specific gr...
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the density and specific gravity (relative density) of wood and wood-based materials to generally desired degrees of accuracy and for specimens of different sizes, shapes, and moisture content conditions. The test method title is indicative of the procedures used or the specific area of use.    
Section  
Test Method A—Volume by Measurement  
8  
Test Method B—Volume by Water Immersion  
9  
Test Method C—Flotation Tube  
10  
Test Method D—Forstner Bit  
11  
Test Method E—Increment Core  
12  
Test Method F—Chips  
13  
Test Method G—Full-Size Members  
14  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D3200-74(2022)(Specification)
Standard Specification and Test Method for Establishing Recommended Design Stresses for Round Timber Construction Poles

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the physical characteristics of round timber construction poles to be used either treated or untreated.  
1.2 This test method covers basic principles for establishing recommended design stress values for round timber construction poles that are applicable to the quality described.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D1666-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Conducting Machining Tests of Wood and Wood-Base Panel Materials

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Machining tests are made to determine the working qualities and characteristics of different species of wood and of different wood-based panel materials under a variety of machine operations such as are encountered in commercial manufacturing practice. The tests provide a systematic basis for comparing the behavior of different products with respect to woodworking machine operations and of evaluating their potential suitability for certain uses where these properties are of prime importance.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for planing, routing/shaping, turning, mortising, boring, and sanding, all of which are common wood-working operations used in the manufacture of wood products. These tests apply, in different degrees, to two general classes of materials:  
1.1.1 Wood in the form of lumber, and  
1.1.2 Wood-base panel materials such as plywood and wood-base fiber and particle panels.  
1.2 Because of the importance of planing, some of the variables that affect the results of this operation are explored with a view to determining optimum conditions. In most of the other tests, however, it is necessary to limit the work to one set of fairly typical commercial conditions in which all the different woods are treated alike.  
1.3 Several factors enter into any complete appraisal of the machining properties of a given wood or wood-base panel. Quality of finished surface is recommended as the basis for evaluation of machining properties. Rate of dulling of cutting tools and power consumed in cutting are also important considerations but are beyond the scope of these test methods.  
1.4 Although the methods presented include the results of progressive developments in the evaluation of machining properties, further improvements are anticipated. For example, by present procedures, quality of the finished surface is evaluated by visual inspection, but as new mechanical or physical techniques become available that will afford improved precision of evaluation, they should be employed.  
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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