ASTM C769-09

Standard Test Method for Sonic Velocity in Manufactured Carbon and Graphite Materials for Use in Obtaining Young's Modulus

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Sonic velocity measurements are useful for comparing materials.
A value for Young's modulus can be obtained for many applications, which will be in good agreement with the value obtained by other methods, such as in Test Method C 747. The accuracy of the Young's modulus calculated from Eq 1 will depend upon the uncertainty in Poisson's ratio and its impact on the evaluation of the Poisson's factor in Eq 2.
If the grain size of the carbon or graphite is greater than or about equal to the wavelength of the sonic pulse, the method may not be providing a value of Young’s modulus representative of the bulk material. Therefore, it would be desirable to test a lower frequency (longer wavelength) to demonstrate that velocity is independent of frequency. Significant signal attenuation should be expected when the grain size of the material is greater than or about equal to the wavelength of the transmitted sonic pulse.
If the sample is only a few grains thick, the acceptability of the method’s application should be demonstrated by initially performing measurements on a series of tests covering a range of sample lengths between the proposed test length and a test length incorporating sufficient grains to adequately represent the bulk material.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for measuring the sonic velocity in manufactured carbon and graphite which can be used to obtain Young's modulus.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-May-2009
• ICS: 71.100.99 - Other products of the chemical industry
• Technical Committee: D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
• Drafting Committee: D02.F0 - Manufactured Carbon and Graphite Products

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM C769-98(2005) - Standard Test Method for Sonic Velocity in Manufactured Carbon and Graphite Materials for Use in Obtaining an Approximate Young's Modulus
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2009
• Referred By: ASTM C781-20 - Standard Practice for Testing Graphite Materials for Gas-Cooled Nuclear Reactor Components
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2009
• Referred By: ASTM C1419-14(2020) - Standard Test Method for Sonic Velocity in Refractory Materials at Room Temperature and Its Use in Obtaining an Approximate Young's Modulus
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2009
• Referred By: ASTM D8255-19 - Standard Guide for Work of Fracture Measurements on Small Nuclear Graphite Specimens
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2009
• Referred By: ASTM C1783-15 - Standard Guide for Development of Specifications for Fiber Reinforced Carbon-Carbon Composite Structures for Nuclear Applications
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2009
• Referred By: ASTM D7775-21 - Standard Guide for Measurements on Small Graphite Specimens
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2009
• Referred By: ASTM C1793-15 - Standard Guide for Development of Specifications for Fiber Reinforced Silicon Carbide-Silicon Carbide Composite Structures for Nuclear Applications
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2009

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: C769 − 09 AnAmerican National Standard
Standard Test Method for
Sonic Velocity in Manufactured Carbon and Graphite
1
Materials for Use in Obtaining Young’s Modulus
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C769; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.1.3 pulse travel time, (T)—the total time, measured in
t
seconds, required for the sonic pulse to traverse the specimen
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for measuring the
being tested, and for the associated electronic signals to
sonic velocity in manufactured carbon and graphite which can
traversethetransducercouplingmediumandelectroniccircuits
be used to obtain Young’s modulus.
of the pulse-propagation system.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
3.1.4 zero time, (T )—the travel time (correction factor),
0
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
measured in seconds, associated with the transducer coupling
standard.
medium and electronic circuits in the pulse-propagation sys-
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
tem.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4. Summary of Test Method
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
4.1 The velocity of longitudinal sound waves passing
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
through the test specimen is determined by measuring the
distance through the specimen and dividing by the time lapse,
2. Referenced Documents 3,4
between the transmitted pulse and the received pulse. Pro-
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
vided the wavelength of the transmitted pulse is a sufficiently
C559 Test Method for Bulk Density by Physical Measure- small fraction of the sample later dimensions, a value of
ments of Manufactured Carbon and Graphite Articles
Young’s modulus for isotropic graphite can then be obtained
C747 Test Method for Moduli of Elasticity and Fundamental using Eq 1 and Eq 2:
Frequencies of Carbon and Graphite Materials by Sonic
2
E 5 C ρV (1)
v
Resonance
where:
IEEE/ASTM SI 10 Standard for Use of the International
System of Units (SI) (the Modern Metric System)
E = Young’s modulus of elasticity, Pa,
3
ρ = density, kg/m ,
V = longitudinal signal velocity, m/s, and
3. Terminology
C = Poisson’s factor.
v
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
The Poisson’s factor, C , is related to Poisson’s ratio, ν,by
3.1.1 end correction time (T )—the non-zero time of flight ν
e
the equation:
(correction factor), measured in seconds, that may arise by
extrapolation of the pulse travel time, corrected for zero time,
~11ν!~1 2 2ν!
C 5 (2)
ν
back to zero sample length.
1 2 ν
3.1.2 longitudinal sonic pulse—a sonic pulse in which the
If Poisson’s ratio is unknown, it can be assumed as an
displacements are in the direction of propagation of the pulse.
approximation in the method. For nuclear graphites, a typical
Poisson’s ratio of 0.2 corresponds to a Poisson’s factor of 0.9.
If the wavelength is not a small fraction of the sample lateral
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
dimensions, and instead is much larger than the specimen
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricantsand is the direct responsibility of
lateral dimensions, then theYoung’s modulus, E is given by Eq
Subcommittee D02.F0 on Manufactured Carbon and Graphite Products.
1 with C set to one rather than being determined by Eq 2.
CurrenteditionapprovedJune1,2009.PublishedJuly2009.Originallyapproved
ν
in 1980. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as C769–98(2005). DOI: 10.1520/
C0769-09.
2 3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Schreiber, Anderson, and Soga, Elastic Constants and Their Measurement,
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM McGraw-HillBookCo.,1221AvenueoftheAmericas,NewYork,NY10020,1973.
4
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on American Institute of Physics Handbook , 3rd ed., McGraw-Hill Book Co.,
the ASTM website. 1221 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10020, 1972, pp. 3–98ff.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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C769 − 09
5. Significance and Use 6.3.1 The signal output will depend upon the characteristics
of the chosen transducers and the test material. It is recom-
5.1 Sonic velocity measurements are useful for comparing
mended that the user analyses the input a
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
An American National Standard
Designation:C769–98 (Reapproved 2005) Designation: C 769 – 09
Standard Test Method for
Sonic Velocity in Manufactured Carbon and Graphite
Materials for Use in Obtaining an Approximate Young’s
1
Modulus
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 769; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1This test method covers a procedure for measuring the sonic velocity in manufactured carbon and graphite materials having
1
a grain size less than 0.80 mm ( ⁄32 in.). The sonic velocity can be used to obtain an approximate value for Young’s modulus.
1.2The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for measuring the sonic velocity in manufactured carbon and graphite which can be
used to obtain Young’s modulus.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C 559 Test Method for Bulk Density by Physical Measurements of Manufactured Carbon and Graphite Articles
C 747 Test Method for Moduli of Elasticity and Fundamental Frequencies of Carbon and Graphite Materials by Sonic
Resonance
IEEE/ASTM SI 10 Standard for Use of the International System of Units (SI) (the Modern Metric System)
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 end correction time (T )—the non-zero time of flight (correction factor), measured in seconds, that may arise by
e
extrapolation of the pulse travel time, corrected for zero time, back to zero sample length.
3.1.2 longitudinal sonic pulse—a sonic pulse in which the displacements are in the direction of propagation of the pulse.
3.1.2
3.1.3 pulse travel time, (T)—the total time, measured in seconds, required for the sonic pulse to traverse the specimen being
t
tested, and for the associated electronic signals to traverse the transducer coupling medium and electronic circuits of the
pulse-propagation circuitry.system.
3.1.33.1.4 zero time, (T 0)—the travel time (correction factor), measured in seconds, associated with the transducer coupling
o
medium and electronic circuits in the pulse-propagation system.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 Thevelocityoflongitudinalsoundwavespassingthroughthetestspecimenisdeterminedbymeasuringthedistancethrough
,
3 4
the specimen and dividing by the time lapse, between the transmitted pulse and the received pulse. An approximate value for
Young’s modulus can then be obtained as follows: Provided the wavelength of the transmitted pulse is a sufficiently small fraction
of the sample later dimensions, a value of Young’s modulus for isotropic graphite can then be obtained using Eq 1 and Eq 2:
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.F0 on
Manufactured Carbon and Graphite Products.
Current edition approved MayJune 1, 2005.2009. Published May 2005.July 2009. Originally approved in 1980. Last previous edition approved in 19982005 as
C769–98.C 769–98(2005).
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Schreiber, Anderson, and Soga, Elastic Constants and Their Measurement, McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1221 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10020, 1973.
4
American Institute of Physics Handbook , 3rd ed., McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1221 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10020, 1972, pp. 3–98ff.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C769–09
(1) E 5 CvrV 2
(1) E 5 CvrV 2
C0769-09_1
V
where:
E = Young’s modulus of elasticity, Pa,
3
r = density, kg/m , and ,
vV = signal velocity, m/s.longitudinal signal velocity, m/s, and
...