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ASTM D3424-01

(Test Method)

Standard Test Methods for Evaluating the Relative Lightfastness and Weatherability of Printed Matter

Standard Test Methods for Evaluating the Relative Lightfastness and Weatherability of Printed Matter

SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the relative lightfastness and weatherability of printed matter under the following seven conditions, of which two involve exposure to natural daylight and five involve accelerated procedures in the laboratory:
1.1.1 Test Method 1--Daylight behind window glass,
1.1.2 Test Method 2--Outdoor weathering,
1.1.3 Test Method 3--Xenon-arc apparatus with window glass filters to simulate daylight behind window glass,
1.1.4 Test Method 4--Xenon-arc apparatus with water spray and daylight filters to simulate outdoor weathering,
1.1.5 Test Method 5--Enclosed carbon-arc apparatus without water spray,
1.1.6 Test Method 6Enclosed carbon-arc apparatus with water spray, and
1.1.7 Test Method 7--Fluorescent lamp apparatus to simulate indoor fluorescent lighting in combination with window-filtered daylight.
1.2 These test methods require that a suitable print or other control (reference standard) be run along with the test sample. Color changes due to conditions of exposure may be evaluated by visual examination or instrumental measurement.
1.3 These test methods are applicable to prints on any flat substrate including paper, paperboard, metallic foil, metal plate, and plastic film, and are produced by any printing process including letterpress, offset lithography, flexography, gravure, and silk screen.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  For specific hazard statements, see Section 8.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Jun-2001
ICS
87.080 - Inks. Printing inks
Technical Committee
D01 - Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
Drafting Committee
D01.56 - Printing Inks
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D3424-98 - Standard Test Methods for Evaluating the Relative Lightfastness and Weatherability of Printed Matter
Effective Date
10-Jun-2001
Replaced By
ASTM D3424-09 - Standard Practice for Evaluating the Relative Lightfastness and Weatherability of Printed Matter
Effective Date
01-Feb-2009

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ASTM D3424-01 - Standard Test Methods for Evaluating the Relative Lightfastness and Weatherability of Printed MatterASTM D3424-01 - Standard Test Methods for Evaluating the Relative Lightfastness and Weatherability of Printed Matter
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ASTM D3424-01 - Standard Test Methods for Evaluating the Relative Lightfastness and Weatherability of Printed Matter
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D3424–01
Standard Test Methods for
Evaluating the Relative Lightfastness and Weatherability of
1
Printed Matter
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3424; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D 1729 Practice for Visual Appraisal of Colors and Color
2
Differences of Diffusely-Illuminated Opaque Materials
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the
D 2244 Test Method for Calculation of Color Differences
relativelightfastnessandweatherabilityofprintedmatterunder
2
from Instrumentally Measured Color Coordinates
the following seven conditions, of which two involve exposure
D 2616 Test Method for Evaluation of Visual Color Differ-
to natural daylight and five involve accelerated procedures in
2
ences with a Gray Scale
the laboratory:
D 4302 Specification forArtists’ Oils, Resin Oil, andAlkyd
1.1.1 Test Method 1—Daylight behind window glass,
3
Paints
1.1.2 Test Method 2—Outdoor weathering,
D 4674 Test Method for Accelerated Testing for Color
1.1.3 Test Method 3—Xenon-arc apparatus with window
Stability of Plastics Exposed to Indoor Fluorescent Light-
glass filters to simulate daylight behind window glass,
4
ing and Window-Filtered Daylight
1.1.4 Test Method 4—Xenon-arcapparatuswithwaterspray
3
D 5067 Specification for Artists’ Watercolor Paints
and daylight filters to simulate outdoor weathering,
3
D 5098 Specification for Artists’ Acrylic Emulsion Paints
1.1.5 Test Method 5—Enclosed carbon-arc apparatus with-
2
E 284 Terminology of Appearance
out water spray,
E 991 Practice for Color Measurement of Fluorescent
1.1.6 Test Method 6—Enclosed carbon-arc apparatus with
2
Specimens
water spray, and
E 1331 Test Method for Reflectance Factor and Color by
1.1.7 Test Method 7—Fluorescent lamp apparatus to simu-
2
Spectrophotometry Using Hemispherical Geometry
late indoor fluorescent lighting in combination with window-
E 1347 Test Method for Color and Color Difference Mea-
filtered daylight.
2
surements by Tristimulus (Filter) Colorimetry
1.2 These test methods require that a suitable print or other
E 1349 Test Method for Reflectance Factor and Color by
control (reference standard) be run along with the test sample.
2
Spectrophotometry Using Bidirectional Geometry
Color changes due to conditions of exposure may be evaluated
G 7 Practice for Atmospheric Environmental Exposure
by visual examination or instrumental measurement.
5
Testing of Nonmetallic Materials
1.3 These test methods are applicable to prints on any flat
G 23 Practice for Operating Light-Exposure Apparatus
substrate including paper, paperboard, metallic foil, metal
(Carbon-Arc Type) With and Without Water for Exposure
plate, and plastic film, and are produced by any printing
5
of Nonmetallic Materials
process including letterpress, offset lithography, flexography,
G 24 Practice for Conducting Exposures to Daylight Fil-
gravure, and silk screen.
5
tered Through Glass
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
G 26 Practice for Operating Light-Exposure Apparatus
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
(Xenon-Arc Type) With and Without Water for Exposure
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
5
of Nonmetallic Materials
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
G 113 Terminology Relating to Natural and Artificial
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard
5
Weathering Tests of Nonmetallic Materials
statements, see Section 8.
G 151 Practice for Exposing Nonmetallic Materials in Ac-
2. Referenced Documents
celerated Test Devices That Use Laboratory Light
5
Sources
2.1 ASTM Standards:
G 153 Practice for Operating Enclosed Carbon Arc Light
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on
2
Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and are the direct Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.01.
3
responsibility of Subcommittee D01.56 on Printing Inks. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.02.
4
Current edition approved June 10, 2001. Published August 2001. Originally Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.03.
5
published as D 3424 – 75. Last previous edition D 3424 – 98. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.04.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D3424
5
Apparatus for Exposure of Nonmetallic Materials closely to that of daylight than the carbon-arc. In turn,
G 155 Practice for Operating Xenon Arc Light Apparatus accelerated tests using xenon-
...

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5.1 Oversize particles in a printing ink may damage a printing plate, plug a cell, clog a nozzle and adversely affect the appearance of printed ink films. Fineness of grind measurements are useful for deciding when to stop the dispersion process and for determining if the test material meets specifications as agreed upon between the supplier and the customer.
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3.1 The lithographic printing process requires that some dampening solution be emulsified into the ink. These test methods provide a rapid means for determining water pickup under laboratory conditions. Test results may be useful for specification acceptance between the supplier and the customer.  
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1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
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ASTM D5958-99(2020)(Practice)
Standard Practices for Preparation of Oil-Based Ink Resin Solutions

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5.1 These practices provide means of preparing small quantities of resin solution (in some procedures in an inert gas atmosphere using uniform, controlled heating).  
5.2 This practice provides quick ways to prepare a resin solution for quality control testing during the manufacture of resin solutions and vehicles. Samples can usually be prepared in approximately 30 to 45 minutes or less.  
5.3 These practices can be used to prepare commonly specified ink test solutions such as 33.3 % resin in alkali refined linseed oil, and 50 % resin in heat-set ink solvent (that is, C12 to C16 hydrocarbon petroleum distillate with initial boiling point (IBP) about 470°F).
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1.1 These practices describe laboratory procedures for preparing an oil-based ink resin solution in a high-boiling solvent using four pieces of lab equipment:
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ASTM Subcommittee D01.37 recommends using the hot oil bath procedure (Practice D5597) where possible.  
1.2 These practices use laboratory equipment generally available in a normal, well-equipped laboratory.  
1.3 One or several of these practices allows for rapid resin solution preparation (under 30 min, typical), can regulate the maximum temperature, can be done under an inert atmosphere, and can prevent the random solvent loss during preparation.  
1.4 These procedures are for use with ink resins intended mainly for oil-based offset and letterpress inks. The type of resins are typically, but not limited to C9 aromatic hydrocarbon resins, modified dicyclopentadiene resins, rosin pentaerythritol or glycerine esters, phenolic modified rosin esters, maleic anhydride modified rosin esters, and naturally occurring resins such as gilsonite.  
1.5 The typical high boiling solvents to be used include C12 to C16 petroleum distillates, 2,2,4 trimethyl 1,3-pentanediol di-isobutyrate,2 alkali refined linseed oil, tridecyl alcohol, or combinations of the above.  
1.6 To avoid fire or injury, or both, to the operator, these practices should not be used with low flash point solvents such as toluene or xylene. The minimum flash point of the solvents used should be 60°C (140°F) as determined by Test Method D56. (Warning—Users of this practice should be aware that the flash point of many solvents used for this test (as defined in Test Methods D56 and D1310) is exceeded in the heating cycle of this test method. Take safety precautions since there is the potential for vapor ignition. Do the methods outlined in a shielded exhaust hood, where there is access to a fire extinguisher if needed.)  
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statement see 25.11.  
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ASTM D7680-10(2020)(Practice)
Standard Practice for Preparing Prints of Paste Printing Inks by a Motor-Driven Printability Tester

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5.1 It is generally recognized that the best method for evaluating printing properties of ink-substrate combinations is by actual printing. this practice provides a convenient method for preparing repeatable laboratory prints at realistic conditions of printing speed, printing pressure and ink film thickness.  
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1.1 This practice describes the procedure for preparing laboratory prints of paste printing inks using a motor-driven printability tester.  
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1.3 This practice is intended primarily for lithographic and letterpress inks that dry by oxidation or penetration. With appropriate drying or curing equipment, it is also applicable to other systems such as heat-set or energy curable.  
1.4 This practice is applicable to the preparation of single-color solid-area prints by dry offset (also know as letterset) or by letterpress on any flat surface including paper, paperboard, plastic film, textiles, and metal.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The only other unit of measurement used is fpm.  
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