ASTM D4141/D4141M-14

Standard Practice for Conducting Black Box and Solar Concentrating Exposures of Coatings

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 As with any accelerated test, the increase in rate of weathering compared to in service exposure is material dependent. Therefore, no single acceleration factor can be used to relate two different types of outdoor weathering exposures. The weather resistance rankings of coatings provided by these two procedures may not agree when coatings differing in composition are compared. These two procedures should not be used interchangeably.  
5.2 The procedures described in this practice are designed to provide greater degradation rates of coatings than those provided by fixed angle open-rack outdoor exposure racks. For many products, fixed angle exposures will produce higher degradation rates than the normal end use of the material.  
5.2.1 The use of Procedure A (Black Box) instead of an open-rack direct exposure is a more realistic test for materials with higher temperature end use service conditions. For many coatings, this procedure provides greater rates of degradation than those provided by 5°, equator-facing, open-rack exposures because the black box produces higher specimen temperatures during irradiation by daylight and longer time of wetness. The black box specimen temperatures are comparable to those encountered on the hoods, roofs, and deck lids of automobiles parked in sunlight. The relative rates of gloss loss and color change produced in some automotive coatings by exposures in accordance with Procedure A are given in ASTM STP 781.4  
5.2.2 The acceleration of Procedure C is produced by reflecting sunlight from ten mirrors onto an air-cooled specimen area. In the ultraviolet portion of the solar spectrum, approximately 1400 MJ/m2 of ultraviolet radiant exposure (295 to 385 nm) is received over a typical one-year period when these devices are operated in a central Arizona climate. This compares with approximately 333 MJ/m2 of ultraviolet radiant exposure from a central Arizona at-latitude exposure and 280 MJ/m2 of ultraviolet radiant exposure from a so...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers two accelerated outdoor exposure procedures for evaluating the exterior weather resistance of coatings applied to substrates.  
1.2 The two procedures are as follows:  
1.2.1 Procedure A—Black Box Exposure.  
1.2.2 Procedure C—Fresnel Reflector Rack Exposure.Note 1—Procedure B described a Heated Black Box procedure that is no longer in common use.  
1.3 This standard does not cover all the procedures that are available to the user for accelerating the outdoor exposure of coatings. Other procedures have been used in order to provide a particular effect; however, the two procedures described here are widely used.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Jan-2014
• ICS: 87.040 - Paints and varnishes
• Technical Committee: D01 - Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
• Drafting Committee: D01.27 - Accelerated Testing

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D4141/D4141M − 14
Standard Practice for
Conducting Black Box and Solar Concentrating Exposures
1
of Coatings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4141/D4141M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* D661 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Cracking of
Exterior Paints
1.1 This practice covers two accelerated outdoor exposure
D662 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Erosion of
procedures for evaluating the exterior weather resistance of
Exterior Paints
coatings applied to substrates.
D714 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Blistering of
1.2 The two procedures are as follows:
Paints
1.2.1 Procedure A—Black Box Exposure.
D772 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Flaking (Scal-
1.2.2 Procedure C—Fresnel Reflector Rack Exposure.
ing) of Exterior Paints
D823 Practices for Producing Films of Uniform Thickness
NOTE 1—Procedure B described a Heated Black Box procedure that is
no longer in common use. of Paint, Varnish, and Related Products on Test Panels
D2244 Practice for Calculation of Color Tolerances and
1.3 This standard does not cover all the procedures that are
Color Differences from Instrumentally Measured Color
available to the user for accelerating the outdoor exposure of
Coordinates
coatings. Other procedures have been used in order to provide
D4214 Test Methods for Evaluating the Degree of Chalking
a particular effect; however, the two procedures described here
of Exterior Paint Films
are widely used.
D7091 Practice for Nondestructive Measurement of Dry
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
Film Thickness of Nonmagnetic Coatings Applied to
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
Ferrous Metals and Nonmagnetic, Nonconductive Coat-
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
ings Applied to Non-Ferrous Metals
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
G7 Practice for Atmospheric Environmental Exposure Test-
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
ing of Nonmetallic Materials
with the standard.
G90 Practice for Performing Accelerated Outdoor Weather-
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
ing of Nonmetallic Materials Using Concentrated Natural
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Sunlight
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
G113 Terminology Relating to Natural andArtificial Weath-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
ering Tests of Nonmetallic Materials
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
G141 Guide for Addressing Variability in Exposure Testing
of Nonmetallic Materials
2. Referenced Documents
G147 Practice for Conditioning and Handling of Nonmetal-
2
2.1 ASTM Standards: lic Materials for Natural and Artificial Weathering Tests
G169 Guide for Application of Basic Statistical Methods to
D523 Test Method for Specular Gloss
D660 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Checking of Weathering Tests
Exterior Paints
3. Terminology
3.1 The definitions given in Terminology G113 are appli-
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint and
cable to this practice.
Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D01.27 on Accelerated Testing.
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2014. Published February 2014. Originally
4. Summary of Practice
approved in 1982. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D4141 – 07. DOI:
10.1520/D4141/D4141M-14.
4.1 Several procedures are described that provide accelera-
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
tion of the degradation that coatings evidence during natural
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
weathering when exposed on an open rack at a fixed angle.The
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. procedures appear in the following order:
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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D4141/D4141M − 14
2
4.1.1 Procedure A—Exposureonablackboxrackfacingthe compares with approximately 333 MJ/m of ultraviolet radiant
equator at 5° from the horizontal. exposure from a central Arizona at-latitude exposure and 280
2
4.1.2 Procedure C—Exposure on a Fresnel reflector rack MJ/m of ultraviolet radiant exposure from a southern Florida
that provides a high irrad
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D4141 − 07 D4141/D4141M − 14
Standard Practice for
Conducting Black Box and Solar Concentrating Exposures
1
of Coatings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4141;D4141/D4141M; the number immediately following the designation indicates
the year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This practice covers two accelerated outdoor exposure procedures for evaluating the exterior durability weather resistance
of coatings applied to substrates.
1.2 The two procedures are as follows:
1.2.1 Procedure A—Black Box Exposure.
1.2.2 Procedure C—Fresnel Reflector Rack Exposure.
NOTE 1—Procedure B described a Heated Black Box procedure that is no longer in common use.
1.3 This standard does not cover all the procedures that are available to the user for accelerating the outdoor exposure of
coatings. Other procedures have been used in order to provide a particular effect; however, the two procedures described here are
widely used.
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D523 Test Method for Specular Gloss
D660 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Checking of Exterior Paints
D661 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Cracking of Exterior Paints
D662 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Erosion of Exterior Paints
D714 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Blistering of Paints
D772 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Flaking (Scaling) of Exterior Paints
D823 Practices for Producing Films of Uniform Thickness of Paint, Varnish, and Related Products on Test Panels
D2244 Practice for Calculation of Color Tolerances and Color Differences from Instrumentally Measured Color Coordinates
D4214 Test Methods for Evaluating the Degree of Chalking of Exterior Paint Films
D7091 Practice for Nondestructive Measurement of Dry Film Thickness of Nonmagnetic Coatings Applied to Ferrous Metals
and Nonmagnetic, Nonconductive Coatings Applied to Non-Ferrous Metals
G7 Practice for Atmospheric Environmental Exposure Testing of Nonmetallic Materials
G90 Practice for Performing Accelerated Outdoor Weathering of Nonmetallic Materials Using Concentrated Natural Sunlight
G113 Terminology Relating to Natural and Artificial Weathering Tests of Nonmetallic Materials
G141 Guide for Addressing Variability in Exposure Testing of Nonmetallic Materials
G147 Practice for Conditioning and Handling of Nonmetallic Materials for Natural and Artificial Weathering Tests
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D01.27 on Accelerated Testing.
Current edition approved July 1, 2007Feb. 1, 2014. Published July 2007February 2014. Originally approved in 1982. Last previous edition approved in 20012007 as
D4141 – 01.D4141 – 07. DOI: 10.1520/D4141-07.10.1520/D4141/D4141M-14.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4141/D4141M − 14
G169 Guide for Application of Basic Statistical Methods to Weathering Tests
3. Terminology
3.1 The definitions given in Terminology G113 are applicable to this practice.
4. Summary of Practice
4.1 Several procedures are described that provide acceleration of the degradation that coatings evidence during natural
weathering when exposed on an open rack at a fixed angle. The procedures appear in the following order:
4.1.
...