ASTM D2122-98(2010)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determining Dimensions of Thermoplastic Pipe and Fittings
Standard Test Method for Determining Dimensions of Thermoplastic Pipe and Fittings
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method provides for determining the physical dimensions of thermoplastic pipe and fittings. This test method is suitable for determination of dimensional compliance with product specifications.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of diameter, wall thickness, and length dimensions of thermoplastic pipe. Included are procedures for measurement of the inside diameter of pipe intended to be joined by internal fittings, measurement of the average outside diameter for roundable pipe where out-of-roundness is not of primary concern, out-of-roundness measurement and measurement of the average outside diameter of non-roundable pipe, and for determining length and straightness.
1.2 This test method also includes procedures for dimensioning molded thermoplastic pipe fittings.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D2122 − 98(Reapproved 2010) An American National Standard
Standard Test Method for
Determining Dimensions of Thermoplastic Pipe and
Fittings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2122; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope F1498 Specification forTaper PipeThreads 60° forThermo-
plastic Pipe and Fittings
1.1 This test method covers the determination of diameter,
2.2 ANSI Standard:
wall thickness, and length dimensions of thermoplastic pipe.
B 2.1 Pipe Threads (Except Dryseal)
Included are procedures for measurement of the inside diam-
eter of pipe intended to be joined by internal fittings, measure-
3. Terminology
ment of the average outside diameter for roundable pipe where
out-of-roundness is not of primary concern, out-of-roundness
3.1 Definitions:
measurementandmeasurementoftheaverageoutsidediameter
3.1.1 General—Definitions are in accordance with Termi-
ofnon-roundablepipe,andfordetermininglengthandstraight-
nology F412, unless otherwise specified.
ness.
3.1.2 deviation from straightness—the maximum deviation
1.2 This test method also includes procedures for dimen- fromastraightlineexhibitedbyapipespecimendividedbythe
sioning molded thermoplastic pipe fittings.
length of the specimen.
3.1.3 nonroundable pipe—pipe made from a material hav-
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical ing a tensile or flexural modulus of elasticity of 150 000 psi
(103 MPa) or greater, as determined by Test Method D638 or
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
and are not considered standard. D790, and in addition, having an outside diameter/wall thick-
ness ratio of less than 20.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1.3.1 Discussion—The above definitions apply to thermo-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
plastic pipe and are based on the ability or inability of a pipe
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
to round out when forced into a tapered socket.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. 3.1.4 roundable pipe—(1)pipemadefrommaterialhavinga
tensile or flexural modulus of elasticity less than 150 000 psi
2. Referenced Documents (103 MPa) as determined by Test Method D638 or D790; and
(2) pipe made from a material having a tensile or flexural
2.1 ASTM Standards:
modulus of elasticity of 150 000 psi (103 MPa) or greater, as
D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
determined by Test Method D638 or D790, and in addition,
D638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics
having an outside diameter/wall thickness ratio of 20 or
D790 Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Unreinforced
greater.
and Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materi-
als 3.1.5 socket bottom—the point at which the pipe stop
F412 Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping Systems radius intersects wall.
4. Summary of Test Method
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F17 on Plastic
4.1 Alternate Methods—Alternate methods and procedures
Piping Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F17.40 on Test
for obtaining dimensions (such as apparatus and procedures
Methods.
using laser, electronic, nuclear, ultrasonic, or other means) are
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2010. Published March 2010. Originally
approved in 1962. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D2122 – 98(2004).
not prohibited.
DOI: 10.1520/D2122-98R10.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
the ASTM website. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D2122 − 98 (2010)
4.1.1 The user of an alternate method shall validate the 7.3 Calculation:
alternate method. The alternate method is validated when both 7.3.1 Calculate the average wall thickness by taking the
the product is measured according to the Apparatus and average of all values measured.
Procedure sections presented in this test method, and when 7.3.2 Calculate the wall thickness range, E, as a percent, as
found to be in compliance with product specifications. follows:
A 2 B
NOTE 1—Validation of the alternate method is a necessary step in
E 5 100 (1)
ensuring compliance with product specifications. Validation generally
A
involves statistical analysis of data generated using the alternate method.
where:
At a minimum, the analysis should include calculating 99 % confidence
limits and verifying that these limits are within the product specification
A = maximum wall thickness at any cross section, and
tolerances. For guidance on this type of analysis, the user should consult
B = minimum wall thickness at any cross section.
the Manual on Presentation of Data and Control Chart Analysis.
7.4 Report—Report the following information:
4.1.2 Compliance with product specifications shall be based
7.4.1 Observed minimum and maximum wall thicknesses,
on the measuring apparatus and procedures in this test method.
7.4.2 Calculated average wall thickness, and
While alternate methods are not prohibited, the measuring
7.4.3 Calculated wall thickness range in percent.
apparatus and procedure in this test method shall be the referee
method.
8. Inside Diameter Measurement of Roundable Pipe
5. Significance and Use
8.1 Apparatus—Depending on the requirements, the follow-
ing apparatus shall be used:
5.1 This test method provides for determining the physical
8.1.1 Tapered Plug Gage, for checking conformance to an
dimensions of thermoplastic pipe and fittings.This test method
average inside diameter tolerance, having uniform taper of
is suitable for determination of dimensional compliance with
1:100 and accurate to within 61 % of its taper and to within
product specifications.
60.001 in. (60.02 mm) of its diameter. For each given pipe
6. General size and tolerance specification, a mandrel shall be scribed at
the diameters representing the minimum and maximum allow-
6.1 Specimen Preparation—Pipe specimens shall be cleanly
able inside pipe diameters. To aid rounding, a 45° by ⁄8-in.
cut and burrs removed. Some materials, such as polyolefin
(3-mm) face bevel shall be provided on the entrance end of the
plastics, may undergo dimensional change near cut ends due to
gage.
internal stresses. When this condition is noted, care shall be
taken to make measurements at a location which is not so
NOTE 3—Where internal stresses cause change in dimension at the cut
end of pipe, tapered plug or sleeve gage measurements may give
affected.
misleading results.
6.2 Conditioning—Condition the test specimens at 73.4 6
8.1.2 Metal Rule (if it is desired to determine the actual
3.6°F (23 6 2°C) and 50 6 5 % relative humidity for not less
average inside diameter) with at least 0.01-in. (0.2-mm)
than 40 h prior to test in accordance with Procedure A of
graduations.
Practice D618, for those tests where conditioning is required.
8.2 Procedure:
6.3 Test Conditions—Conduct tests in the Standard Labora-
8.2.1 Cuttheendofthepipesquareandremoveburrs.Insert
tory Atmosphere of 73.4 6 3.6°F (23 6 2°C) and 50 65%
the plug gage into the pipe, causing it to round out but not to
relative humidity, unless otherwise specified in the test meth-
expand. Observe whether the end of the pipe falls between the
ods or in this test method.
scribed diameters.
8.2.2 In cases of disagreement between the purchaser and
7. Wall Thickness—Pipe and Fittings
the seller, the proper insertion distance as indicated in 8.1.1
7.1 Apparatus—A cylindrical or ball anvil tubing microm-
shall be defined as that point where an internal light source is
eter accurate to within 60.001 in. (60.02 mm) shall be used
just occluded.
for wall thickness measurements.
8.2.3 If the actual average inside diameter is required,
NOTE 2—Care should be taken to avoid excessive closure pressure
measure the distance from the maximum scribed diameter to
when using ball anvil micrometers, which may compress the specimen
the end of the pipe.
andgivefalselylowreadings.Careshouldbetakentoavoidmisalignment
8.3 Calculations—Calculate the average inside diameter as
of the anvil with the longitudinal axis of the specimen when using
cylindrical anvil micrometers, which may bridge specimen surface cur-
follows:
vature or indentations and give falsely high readings.
d 5 d 2 kl (2)
m
7.2 Procedure—Make a series of measurements at closely
where:
spaced intervals to ensure that the minimum and maximum
wall thicknesses have been determined. Make a minimum of d = average inside diameter, in. (or mm),
d = maximum scribed diameter, in. (or mm),
eight measurements.
m
k = taper of plug gage, in. (or mm) of diameter per in. (or
mm) of length, and
Committee E11 on Quality and Statistics, MNL7A Manual on Presentation of
l = distance from maximum scribed diameter to end of
Data and Control Chart Analysis, Chapter 2, ASTM International, West
pipe, in. (or mm).
Conshohocken, PA, 1990 , p. 38.
D2122 − 98 (2010)
8.4 Report—Report the following information: diameter reading, estimating to the nearest 0.005 in. (0.1 mm),
8.4.1 When determining conformance to tolerances, report or 0.001 in. (0.02 mm) as required.
whether the average inside diameter is less than the minimum,
9.2.4 Out-of-Roundness Gage—To determine conformance
greater than the maximum, or within the allowable limits as to pipe out-of-roundness with the gage, the pipe shall be
indicated by the position of the scribed diameters with respect
inserted through the gage without forcing rounding of the pipe.
to the end of the pipe.
9.3 Report—Report the following information:
8.4.2 If the actual average inside diameter is required, the
9.3.1 When determining conformance to tolerances with the
result of the calculation in 8.3, as well as the values used in the
tapered sleeve gage, report whether the average outside diam-
calculation,shallbereported.Theaverageinsidediametermay
eter is less than the minimum, greater than the maximum, or
also be calculated as described in 10.5.
within the allowable limits as indicated by the position of the
pipe end with respect to the ends of the tapered sleeve gage.
9. Outside Diameter and Out-of-Roundness
9.3.2 When determining conformance to tolerances with the
Measurement of Roundable Pipe
sleeve window gage, report whether the average outside
9.1 Apparatus—Depending on the requirements, the follow-
diameter is less than the minimum, greater than the maximum,
ing apparatus shall be used:
or within the allowable limits with respect to the minimum and
9.1.1 Flat-AnvilMicrometerorVernierCalipers,accurateto
maximum scribed marks.
60.001 in. (60.02 mm).
9.3.3 If required, report the average outside diameter as
9.1.2 Tapered Sleeve Gage, for checking conformance to an
observed in 9.2.3 with the circumferential wrap tape.
average outside diameter tolerance of roundable pipe, accurate
9.3.4 When determining conformance to outside diameter
within 61 % of its taper and 60.001 in. (60.02 mm) of its
tolerances with a flat anvil micrometer or caliper, report the
diameter. For a given pipe size and tolerance specification, the
minimum diameter, the maximum diameter, and, if required,
entrance diameter shall be the maximum allowable average
the average diameter calculated by taking the average of all
outside pipe diameter, while the inside diameter at the opposite
diameters measured.
end shall correspond to the minimum allowable average
NOTE 5—The actual average outside diameter determined using a
outside pipe diameter. To aid rounding, a 45° by ⁄8-in. (3-mm)
circumferential wrap tape is preferred to averaging micrometer diameter
face bevel shall be provided on the entrance end of the gage.
measurements.
9.1.3 Alternatively, a sleeve window gage, made to the
9.3.5 When determining conformance to out-of-roundness
tolerances given in 9.1.2 may be used. The window shall
extendbeyondthetwoscribedmarks,whichshallrepresentthe tolerances with a flat anvil micrometer or caliper, report
whether the measurements were made with or without a
minimum and maximum permitted diameters. See the Discus-
rounding device, and the difference between the minimum and
sion under 3.1.5.
maximum diameters as the out-of-roundness.
NOTE 4—This gage may also be marked to enable actual average
9.3.6 If required, report the percent ovality, which is calcu-
outside diameters to be read directly.
latedbydividingtheout-of-roundnessbytheaveragediameter,
9.1.4 Circumferential Wrap Tape, if the actual value of the
as determined in 9.2.3 or 9.3.4, and multiplying by 100.
average outside diameter is desired, calibrated in terms of pipe
9.3.7 When determining conformance to tolerances with the
diameter with 0.01-in. (0.2-mm) graduations, or a vernier wrap
out-of-roundness gage, report whether the pipe exceeds out-
tape, with 0.001-in. (0.02-mm) graduations when greater
of-roundness tolerance or is within the allowable limits as
precision is required.
indicated by the gage.
9.1.5 Out-of-Roundness Gage—Arigid plate, about ⁄4 in. (6
mm) thick, bored with a circular hole to the maximum
10. Out-of-Roundness and Average Outside and Inside
permitted diameter allowed for out-of-roundness, accurate to
Diameter of Non-Roundable Pipe and Fittings
60.001 in. (60.02 mm), may be used to determine confor-
10.1 Apparatus:
mance to the out-of-round requirement.
10.1.1 Aflat-anvil micrometer or vernier caliper accurate to
9.2 Procedure:
within 60.001 in. (60.02 mm).
9.2.1 Flat-Anvil Micrometer or Vernier Caliper—Take a
10.1.2 Out-of-Roundness Gage—A rigid plate, about ⁄4 in.
series of diameter measurements at closely spaced intervals to
(6 mm) thick, bored with a circular hole to the maximum
ensure that the minimum and maximum diameters have been
permitted diameter allowed for out-of-roundness, accurate to
determined. Make a minimum of six measurements.
60.001 in. (60.02 mm), may be used to determine confor-
9.2.2 Sleeve Gages—Cut the end of the pipe square and
mance to the out-of-round requirement.
remove burrs. Insert the pipe
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
An American National Standard
Designation:D2122–98 (Reapproved 2004) Designation: D2122 – 98 (Reapproved 2010)
Standard Test Method for
Determining Dimensions of Thermoplastic Pipe and
Fittings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2122; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination of diameter, wall thickness, and length dimensions of thermoplastic pipe.
Included are procedures for measurement of the inside diameter of pipe intended to be joined by internal fittings, measurement of
the average outside diameter for roundable pipe where out-of-roundness is not of primary concern, out-of-roundness measurement
and measurement of the average outside diameter of non-roundable pipe, and for determining length and straightness.
1.2 This test method also includes procedures for dimensioning molded thermoplastic pipe fittings.
1.3The values given in parentheses are provided for information purposes only.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
D638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics
D790 Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Unreinforced and Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materials
F412 Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping Systems
F1498 Specification for Taper Pipe Threads 60 for Thermoplastic Pipe and Fittings
2.2 ANSI Standard:
B 2.1 Pipe Threads (Except Dryseal)
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 General—Definitions are in accordance with Terminology F412, unless otherwise specified.
3.1.2 deviation from straightness—the maximum deviation from a straight line exhibited by a pipe specimen divided by the
length of the specimen.
3.1.3 nonroundable pipe—pipe made from a material having a tensile or flexural modulus of elasticity of 150 000 psi
(103 MPa) or greater, as determined by Test Method D638 or D790, and in addition, having an outside diameter/wall thickness
ratio of less than 20.
3.1.3.1 Discussion—Theabovedefinitionsapplytothermoplasticpipeandarebasedontheabilityorinabilityofapipetoround
out when forced into a tapered socket.
3.1.4 roundable pipe—(1) pipe made from material having a tensile or flexural modulus of elasticity less than 150 000 psi
(103 MPa) as determined by Test Method D638 or D790; and (2) pipe made from a material having a tensile or flexural modulus
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F17 on Plastic Piping Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F17.40 on Test Methods.
´1
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2004. Published September 2004. Originally approved in 1962. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as D2122–98 . DOI:
10.1520/D2122-98R04.
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2010. Published March 2010. Originally approved in 1962. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D2122 – 98(2004). DOI:
10.1520/D2122-98R10.
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D2122 – 98 (2010)
ofelasticityof150 000psi(103 MPa)orgreater,asdeterminedbyTestMethodD638orD790,andinaddition,havinganoutside
diameter/wall thickness ratio of 20 or greater.
3.1.5 socket bottom—the point at which the pipe stop radius intersects wall.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 Alternate Methods—Alternate methods and procedures for obtaining dimensions (such as apparatus and procedures using
laser, electronic, nuclear, ultrasonic, or other means) are not prohibited.
4.1.1 The user of an alternate method shall validate the alternate method. The alternate method is validated when both the
product is measured according to the Apparatus and Procedure sections presented in this test method, and when found to be in
compliance with product specifications.
NOTE 1—Validation of the alternate method is a necessary step in ensuring compliance with product specifications. Validation generally involves
statistical analysis of data generated using the alternate method. At a minimum, the analysis should include calculating 99 % confidence limits and
verifying that these limits are within the product specification tolerances. For guidance on this type of analysis, the user should consult the Manual on
Presentation of Data and Control Chart Analysis.
4.1.2 Compliance with product specifications shall be based on the measuring apparatus and procedures in this test method.
While alternate methods are not prohibited, the measuring apparatus and procedure in this test method shall be the referee method.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 This test method provides for determining the physical dimensions of thermoplastic pipe and fittings. This test method is
suitable for determination of dimensional compliance with product specifications.
6. General
6.1 Specimen Preparation—Pipespecimensshallbecleanlycutandburrsremoved.Somematerials,suchaspolyolefinplastics,
may undergo dimensional change near cut ends due to internal stresses. When this condition is noted, care shall be taken to make
measurements at a location which is not so affected.
6.2 Conditioning—Condition the test specimens at 73.4 6 3.6°F (23 6 2°C) and 50 6 5 % relative humidity for not less than
40 h prior to test in accordance with Procedure A of Practice D618, for those tests where conditioning is required.
6.3 Test Conditions—Conduct tests in the Standard LaboratoryAtmosphere of 73.4 6 3.6°F (23 6 2°C) and 50 6 5 % relative
humidity, unless otherwise specified in the test methods or in this test method.
7. Wall Thickness—Pipe and Fittings
7.1 Apparatus—Acylindrical or ball anvil tubing micrometer accurate to within 60.001 in. (60.02 mm) shall be used for wall
thickness measurements.
NOTE 2—Care should be taken to avoid excessive closure pressure when using ball anvil micrometers, which may compress the specimen and give
falsely low readings. Care should be taken to avoid misalignment of the anvil with the longitudinal axis of the specimen when using cylindrical anvil
micrometers, which may bridge specimen surface curvature or indentations and give falsely high readings.
7.2 Procedure—Make a series of measurements at closely spaced intervals to ensure that the minimum and maximum wall
thicknesses have been determined. Make a minimum of eight measurements.
7.3 Calculation:
7.3.1 Calculate the average wall thickness by taking the average of all values measured.
7.3.2 Calculate the wall thickness range, E, as a percent, as follows:
A 2 B
E 5 100
A
(1)
where:
A = maximum wall thickness at any cross section, and
B = minimum wall thickness at any cross section.
7.4 Report—Report the following information:
7.4.1 Observed minimum and maximum wall thicknesses,
7.4.2 Calculated average wall thickness, and
7.4.3 Calculated wall thickness range in percent.
8. Inside Diameter Measurement of Roundable Pipe
8.1 Apparatus—Depending on the requirements, the following apparatus shall be used:
Committee E11 on Quality and Statistics, MNL7A Manual on Presentation of Data and Control Chart Analysis, Analysis, Chapter 2, ASTM International, West
Conshohocken, PA, 1990 , p. 38.
D2122 – 98 (2010)
8.1.1 Tapered Plug Gage, for checking conformance to an average inside diameter tolerance, having uniform taper of 1:100 and
accurate to within 61 % of its taper and to within 60.001 in. (60.02 mm) of its diameter. For each given pipe size and tolerance
specification,amandrelshallbescribedatthediametersrepresentingtheminimumandmaximumallowableinsidepipediameters.
To aid rounding, a 45° by ⁄8-in. (3-mm) face bevel shall be provided on the entrance end of the gage.
NOTE 3—Where internal stresses cause change in dimension at the cut end of pipe, tapered plug or sleeve gage measurements may give misleading
results.
8.1.2 Metal Rule (if it is desired to determine the actual average inside diameter) with at least 0.01-in. (0.2-mm) graduations.
8.2 Procedure:
8.2.1 Cut the end of the pipe square and remove burrs. Insert the plug gage into the pipe, causing it to round out but not to
expand. Observe whether the end of the pipe falls between the scribed diameters.
8.2.2 In cases of disagreement between the purchaser and the seller, the proper insertion distance as indicated in 8.1.1 shall be
defined as that point where an internal light source is just occluded.
8.2.3 If the actual average inside diameter is required, measure the distance from the maximum scribed diameter to the end of
the pipe.
8.3 Calculations—Calculate the average inside diameter as follows:
d 5 d 2 kl
m
(2)
where:
d = average inside diameter, in. (or mm),
d = maximum scribed diameter, in. (or mm),
m
k = taper of plug gage, in. (or mm) of diameter per in. (or mm) of length, and
l = distance from maximum scribed diameter to end of pipe, in. (or mm).
8.4 Report—Report the following information:
8.4.1 When determining conformance to tolerances, report whether the average inside diameter is less than the minimum,
greater than the maximum, or within the allowable limits as indicated by the position of the scribed diameters with respect to the
end of the pipe.
8.4.2 If the actual average inside diameter is required, the result of the calculation in 8.3, as well as the values used in the
calculation, shall be reported. The average inside diameter may also be calculated as described in 10.5.
9. Outside Diameter and Out-of-Roundness Measurement of Roundable Pipe
9.1 Apparatus—Depending on the requirements, the following apparatus shall be used:
9.1.1 Flat-Anvil Micrometer or Vernier Calipers, accurate to 60.001 in. (60.02 mm).
9.1.2 Tapered Sleeve Gage, for checking conformance to an average outside diameter tolerance of roundable pipe, accurate
within 61 % of its taper and 60.001 in. (60.02 mm) of its diameter. For a given pipe size and tolerance specification, the entrance
diameter shall be the maximum allowable average outside pipe diameter, while the inside diameter at the opposite end shall
correspond to the minimum allowable average outside pipe diameter. To aid rounding, a 45° by ⁄8-in. (3-mm) face bevel shall be
provided on the entrance end of the gage.
9.1.3 Alternatively, a sleeve window gage, made to the tolerances given in 9.1.2 may be used.The window shall extend beyond
the two scribed marks, which shall represent the minimum and maximum permitted diameters. See the Discussion under 3.1.5.
NOTE 4—This gage may also be marked to enable actual average outside diameters to be read directly.
9.1.4 Circumferential Wrap Tape, if the actual value of the average outside diameter is desired, calibrated in terms of pipe
diameter with 0.01-in. (0.2-mm) graduations, or a vernier wrap tape, with 0.001-in. (0.02-mm) graduations when greater precision
is required.
9.1.5 Out-of-Roundness Gage—A rigid plate, about ⁄4 in. (6 mm) thick, bored with a circular hole to the maximum permitted
diameter allowed for out-of-roundness, accurate to 60.001 in. (60.02 mm), may be used to determine conformance to the
out-of-round requirement.
9.2 Procedure:
9.2.1 Flat-Anvil Micrometer or Vernier Caliper—Take a series of diameter measurements at closely spaced intervals to ensure
that the minimum and maximum diameters have been determined. Make a minimum of six measurements.
9.2.2 Sleeve Gages—Cut the end of the pipe square and remove burrs. Insert the pipe into the sleeve gage and observe the
position of the end with respect to the ends of the tapered sleeve gage or the position of the end with respect to the minimum and
maximum scribed marks of the sleeve window gage.
9.2.3 CircumferentialWrapTape—Todeterminetheactualvalueoftheaverageoutsidediameter,placethecircumferentialwrap
tape around the pipe, making sure that it is at right angles to the pipe axis and is flat against the pipe surface. Observe the diameter
reading, estimating to the nearest 0.005 in. (0.1 mm), or 0.001 in. (0.02 mm) as required.
9.2.4 Out-of-Roundness Gage—To determine conformance to pipe out-of-roundness with the gage, the pipe shall be inserted
through the gage without forcing rounding of the pipe.
D2122 – 98 (2010)
9.3 Report—Report the following information:
9.3.1 When determining conformance to tolerances with the tapered sleeve gage, report whether the average outside diameter
is less than the minimum, greater than the maximum, or within the allowable limits as indicated by the position of the pipe end
with respect to the ends of the tapered sleeve gage.
9.3.2 When determining conformance to tolerances with the sleeve window gage, report whether the average outside diameter
is less than the minimum, greater than the maximum, or within the allowable limits with respect to the minimum and maximum
scribed marks.
9.3.3 If required, report the average outside diameter as observed in 9.2.3 with the circumferential wrap tape.
9.3.4 Whendeterminingconformancetooutsidediametertoleranceswithaflatanvilmicrometerorcaliper,reporttheminimum
diameter,themaximumdiameter,and,ifrequired,theaveragediametercalculatedbytakingtheaverageofalldiametersmeasured.
NOTE 5—The actual average outside diameter determined using a circumferential wrap tape is preferred to averaging micrometer diameter
measurements.
9.3.5 When determining conformance to out-of-roundness tolerances with a flat anvi
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