ASTM E1474-10
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determining the Heat Release Rate of Upholstered Furniture and Mattress Components or Composites Using a Bench Scale Oxygen Consumption Calorimeter
Standard Test Method for Determining the Heat Release Rate of Upholstered Furniture and Mattress Components or Composites Using a Bench Scale Oxygen Consumption Calorimeter
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is used to determine the time to sustained flaming and heat release of materials and composites exposed to a prescribed initial test heat flux in the cone calorimeter apparatus.
Quantitative heat release measurements provide information that can be used for upholstery and mattress product designs and product development.
Heat release measurements provide useful information for product development by yielding a quantitative measure of specific changes in fire performance caused by component and composite modifications. Heat release data from this test method will not be predictive of product behavior if the product does not spread flame over its surface under the fire exposure conditions of interest.
Test Limitations—The test data are invalid if either of the following conditions occur: (1) explosive spalling; or (2) the specimen swells sufficiently prior to ignition to touch the spark plug, or the specimen swells up to the plane of the heater base during combustion.
SCOPE
1.1 This fire-test-response test method can be used to determine the ignitability and heat release from the composites of contract, institutional, or high-risk occupancy upholstered furniture or mattresses using a bench scale oxygen consumption calorimeter.
1.2 This test method provides for measurement of the time to sustained flaming, heat release rate, peak and total heat release, and effective heat of combustion at a constant initial test heat flux of 35 kW/m2. This test method is also suitable to obtain heat release data at different heating fluxes. The specimen is oriented horizontally, and a spark ignition source is used.
1.3 The times to sustained flaming, heat release, and effective heat of combustion are determined using the apparatus and procedures described in Test Method E1354.
1.4 The tests are performed on bench-scale specimens combining the furniture or mattress outer layer components. Frame elements are not included.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.6 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see Section 6.
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Designation: E1474 − 10 AnAmerican National Standard
Standard Test Method for
Determining the Heat Release Rate of Upholstered Furniture
and Mattress Components or Composites Using a Bench
1
Scale Oxygen Consumption Calorimeter
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1474; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Thistestmethodprovidesameansformeasuringtheignitiontimeandheatreleaseofthecomposite
upholstered components of upholstered furniture and mattresses using an oxygen consumption
calorimeter.
1. Scope assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under
actual fire conditions.
1.1 This fire-test-response test method can be used to
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
determinetheignitabilityandheatreleasefromthecomposites
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
of contract, institutional, or high-risk occupancy upholstered
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
furniture or mattresses using a bench scale oxygen consump-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
tion calorimeter.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific
1.2 This test method provides for measurement of the time
precautionary statements, see Section 6.
to sustained flaming, heat release rate, peak and total heat
release, and effective heat of combustion at a constant initial
2. Referenced Documents
2
test heat flux of 35 kW/m .This test method is also suitable to
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
obtain heat release data at different heating fluxes. The speci-
D123Terminology Relating to Textiles
men is oriented horizontally, and a spark ignition source is
D5865Test Method for Gross Calorific Value of Coal and
used.
Coke
1.3 The times to sustained flaming, heat release, and effec-
E176Terminology of Fire Standards
tiveheatofcombustionaredeterminedusingtheapparatusand
E603Guide for Room Fire Experiments
procedures described in Test Method E1354.
E906Test Method for Heat and Visible Smoke Release
Rates for Materials and Products Using a Thermopile
1.4 The tests are performed on bench-scale specimens
Method
combining the furniture or mattress outer layer components.
E1354Test Method for Heat and Visible Smoke Release
Frame elements are not included.
Rates for Materials and Products Using an Oxygen Con-
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
sumption Calorimeter
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
2.2 Other Documents:
only.
CA TB 133,Flammability Test Procedure for Seating Fur-
3
1.6 This standard is used to measure and describe the
niture for Use in Public Occupancies
response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and
ISO 5725Part 2, Accuracy (Trueness and Precision) of
flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself
Measurement Methods and Results—Basic Method for
incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk
the Determination of Repeatability and Reproducibility of
1 2
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E05 on Fire For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Standards and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E05.21 on Smoke and contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Combustion Products. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved March 15, 2010. Published April 2010. Originally the ASTM website.
3
approved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as E1474-07. DOI: Available from State of California, Dept. of Home Furnishings and Thermal
10.1520/E1474-10. Insulation, North Highlands, CA 95660-5595.
Copyright ©ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA19428-2959. United States
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---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E1474 − 10
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a Standard Measurement Method 3.2.2 ignitability, n—the propensity for ignition, as mea-
sured by the time to sustained flaming at a specified heating
3. Terminology flux.
3.2.3 mattress, n—amattressisaticking(outermostlayerof
3.1 Definitions:
fabric or related material) filled with a resilient material, used
3.1.1 For definitions of terms relating to this test method
alone or in combination with other products, intended or
refer to Terminology D123 and E176.
promoted for sleeping upon.
3.1.2 effective heat of combustion, n—the amount of heat
generated per unit mass lost by a material, product, or
3.2.4 net heat of combustion, n—theoxygenbomb(seeTest
assembly, when exposed to specific fire test conditions.
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately,ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
An American National Standard
Designation:E1474–07 Designation:E1474–10
Standard Test Method for
Determining the Heat Release Rate of Upholstered Furniture
and Mattress Components or Composites Using a Bench
1
Scale Oxygen Consumption Calorimeter
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1474; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Thistestmethodprovidesameansformeasuringtheignitiontimeandheatreleaseofthecomposite
upholstered components of upholstered furniture and mattresses using an oxygen consumption
calorimeter.
1. Scope
1.1 Thisfire-test-responsetestmethodcanbeusedtodeterminetheignitabilityandheatreleasefromthecompositesofcontract,
institutional, or high-risk occupancy upholstered furniture or mattresses using a bench scale oxygen consumption calorimeter.
1.2 This test method provides for measurement of the time to sustained flaming, heat release rate, peak and total heat release,
2
and effective heat of combustion at a constant radiantinitial test heat flux of 35 kW/m .This test method is also suitable to obtain
heat release data at different heating fluxes. The specimen is oriented horizontally, and a spark ignition source is used.
1.3 The times to sustained flaming, heat release, and effective heat of combustion are determined using the apparatus and
procedures described in Test Method E1354.
1.4 The tests are performed on bench-scale specimens combining the furniture or mattress outer layer components. Frame
elements are not included.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.6 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under
controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials,
products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see Section 6.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
D5865 Test Method for Gross Calorific Value of Coal and Coke
E176 Terminology of Fire Standards
E603 Guide for Room Fire Experiments
E906 Test Method for Heat and Visible Smoke Release Rates for Materials and Products Using a Thermopile Method
E1354 Test Method for Heat and Visible Smoke Release Rates for Materials and Products Using an Oxygen Consumption
Calorimeter
2.2 Other Documents:
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeE05onFireStandardsandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeE05.21onSmokeandCombustion
Products.
´1
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2007. Published October 2007. Originally approved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as E1474-04 . DOI:
10.1520/E1474-07.
Current edition approved March 15, 2010. Published April 2010. Originally approved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as E1474-07. DOI:
10.1520/E1474-10.
2
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,orcontactASTMCustomerServiceatservice@astm.org.For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright ©ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E1474–10
3
CATB 133, Flammability Test Procedure for Seating Furniture for Use in Public Occupancies
ISO 5725 Part 2, Accuracy (Trueness and Precision) of Measurement Methods and Results—Basic Method for the
4
Determination of Repeatability and Reproducibility of a Standard Measurement Method
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms relating to this test method refer to Terminology D123 and E176.
3.1.1 effective heat of combustion, n—theamountofheatgeneratedperunitmasslostbyamaterial,product,orassembly,when
exposed to specific fire test conditions. (see gross heat of combustion.)
3.1.1.1 Discussion—The effective heat of combustion depends on the tes
...
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