ASTM A491-11(2017)

Standard Specification for Aluminum-Coated Steel Chain-Link Fence Fabric

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the basic physical requirements for steel chain-link fence fabric that are aluminum-coated before weaving. Fabrics conforming to this specification shall meet specified requirements for weave form and typical diamond count, size of mesh, size of wire, height of fabric, selvage, weight of aluminum coating, breaking strength, workmanship and finish, and standard length of rolls.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers aluminum-coated steel chain-link fence fabric, aluminum-coated before weaving.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-May-2017
• ICS: 77.140.65 - Steel wire, wire ropes and link chains
• Technical Committee: F14 - Fences
• Drafting Committee: F14.40 - Chain Link Fence and Wire Accessories

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:A491 −11 (Reapproved 2017)
Standard Specification for
Aluminum-Coated Steel Chain-Link Fence Fabric
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A491; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.1.1 chain link fence fabric—a fencing material made from
steel wire helically wound and interwoven in such a manner as
1.1 This specification covers aluminum-coated steel chain-
to provide a continuous mesh without knots or ties except in
link fence fabric, aluminum-coated before weaving.
the form of knuckling or of twisting the ends of the wires to
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
form the selvage of the fabric.
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for
3.1.2 diamond count—the number of diamond openings
information only.
from one edge of the fabric to the other. The diamond count of
1.3 This international standard was developed in accor-
a given fabric shall begin at the first completed diamond at one
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- 1
edge and continue to the unfinished ( ⁄2 ) or full opening at the
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
other edge.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
3.1.3 knuckling—a term used to describe the type of selvage
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
obtained by interlocking adjacent pairs of wire ends and then
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
bending the wire ends back into a loop. The loop shall be
closedornearlyclosedtoameasurementlessthanthediameter
2. Referenced Documents
of the wire.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.1.4 twisting—a term used to describe the type of selvage
A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing
obtained by twisting adjacent pairs of wire ends together in a
of Steel Products 1
close helix of 1 ⁄2 machine turns, which is equivalent to 3 full
A700 Guide for Packaging, Marking, and Loading Methods
twists, and cutting the wire ends at an angle. The wire ends
for Steel Products for Shipment 1
beyond the twist shall be at least ⁄4 in. (6.4 mm) long. This
A817 Specification for Metallic-Coated Steel Wire for
type of selvage is not used on fabric with a mesh size of less
Chain-Link Fence Fabric and Marcelled Tension Wire
than 2 in. (50.8 mm).
2.2 Federal Standard:
4. Ordering Information
Fed. Std. No. 123 Marking for Shipment, Civil Agencies
4.1 Orders for chain-link fence fabric purchased to this
2.3 Military Standards:
specification shall include the following information:
MIL-STD-129 Marking for Shipment and Storage
4.1.1 Quantity (Section 14),
MIL-STD-163 Steel Mill Products, Preparation for Ship-
4.1.2 Size of mesh (Section 7),
ment and Storage
4.1.3 Size of wire (Section 8),
4.1.4 Height of fabric (Section 9),
3. Terminology
4.1.5 Diamond count, if specified (Section 6),
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard: 4.1.6 Type of selvage (Section 10),
4.1.7 Certification if required (Section 17), and
4.1.8 ASTM designation and year of issue.
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F14 on Fences 4.2 All rolls of fencing accepted by the purchaser shall be
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F14.40 on Chain Link Fence and
billed on the basis of the original footage of the rolls before
Wire Accessories.
sampling, unless changed by contractual arrangement.
Current edition approved June 1, 2017. Published June 2017. Originally
approved in 1963. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as A491 - 11. DOI:
NOTE 1—A typical ordering description is as follows: 25 rolls, 50 ft
10.1520/A0491-11R17.
each,chain-linkfencefabric,aluminum-coated,2in.mesh.0.148in.wire,
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
60 in. high, knuckled both selvages, to ASTM A491–XX.
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
5. Materials
the ASTM website.
5.1 The wire from which the fabric is woven shall conform
AvailablefromStandardizationDocumentsOrderDesk,Bldg.4SectionD,700
Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS. to all requirements of Specification A817 for Type I coating.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
A491−11 (2017)
6. Weave 10. Selvage
10.1 Unless otherwise specified by the purchaser, fabrics
6.1 The wire shall be woven throughout in the form of
approximately uniform square mesh, having parallel sides and with 2- or 2 ⁄8-in. (50- or 54-mm) mesh, in heights 60 in. (1520
mm) and under shall be knuckled at both selvages. Fabric 72
horizontal and vertical diagonals of approximately uniform
dimensions.The top and bottom of the fabric shall be knuckled in. (1830 mm) high and over shall be knuckled at one selvage
and twisted at the other.
or twisted as specified in Section 10.
10.2 The selvages of fabrics with meshes of less than 2 in.
6.2 Typical diamond count for each standard height is
(50 mm) shall be knuckled.
shown in Table 1. Other diamond counts are permissible
provided that they are consistent within a lot. The purchaser
NOTE 2—Caution:Twisted selvages for fence fabric under 72 in. (1830
has the option to specify the diamond count (4.1.5).
mm) in height are not recommended because of consumer safety consid-
erations.
7. Size of Mesh
11. Weight of Aluminum Coating
7.1 The size of mesh shall be as indicated in Table 2 (see
11.1 The weight of aluminum coating on the wire in the
Fig. 1).
fabric shall be as specified in Specification A817, for the wire
7.2 The permissible variation from the specified size of diameter used (see Table 3).
mesh shall be 6 ⁄8 in. (63.2 mm) for all mesh sizes over 1 in.
12. Breaking Strength
(25mm),and 6 ⁄16 in.(61.6mm)forallmeshsizes1in.(25.4
12.1 Wire constituting the fabric shall meet the minimum
mm) and under.
breaking strength listed in the Breaking Strength Table of
7.3 The size of mesh shall be determined by measuring the
Specification A817 (see Table 4) when tested in accordance
minimum clear distance between the wires forming the parallel
with Test Methods and Definitions A370. Specimens used to
sides of the mesh, and determined as the average of two
establish conformance with this requirement shall consist of
readings taken at right angles to each other.
individual pickets from a section of the fence fabric. The
specimen shall be of sufficient length so as to be firmly gripped
8. Size of Wire
in the testing machine after straightening. The actual gage
8.1 Chain-link fabric shall be fabricated from wire diam-
length(distancebetweenjaws)ofthespecimenshallbelimited
eters as listed in Specification A817, with a permissible
to the undeformed length of wire between two adjacent
variation from the specified diameter of the coated wire of
straightened bends.
60.005 in. (60.13 mm).
13. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance
9. Height of Fabric
13.1 Chain-link fence fabric shall be produced by methods
recognized as good commercial practices. The aluminized
9.1 Chain-link fabric shall be furnished in the standard
before-weaving fabric shall be woven using proven industry
heights shown in Table 2. Custom order fabric is available in
procedures to ensure a smooth consistent surface without
heights to and including 20 ft. (6.56 m). The height of fabric
penetrating to the substrate, except at the selvage cut ends, see
shall be the overall dimension from ends of twists or knuckles.
Note 3.
Thepermissiblevariationfromthespecifiedheightshallbe 61
in. (625 mm) for standard selvage on fabric with mesh sizes 1 13.2 Excessive roughness, blisters, and flaking shall be
in. (25 mm) and over and 6 ⁄2 in. (613 mm) for all fabric with noted. These and other defects, if present to any considerable
mesh sizes less than 1 in. (25 mm). extent, shall provide a basis for rejection.
A
TABLE 1 Typical Diamond Count
NOTE 1—Other diamond counts are permitted (see 6.2).
NOTE 2— For fabric heights over 144 in., see Section 9.
Height of Fence Fabric, in.
Nominal Diameter Coated Size of
Wire, in. Mesh, in.
36 42 48 60 72 84 96 108 120 144
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
0.192 2 10 ⁄2 12 ⁄2 13 ⁄2 17 ⁄2 20 ⁄2 24 ⁄2 27 ⁄2 31 ⁄2 34 ⁄2 41 ⁄2
1 1 1
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: A491 − 11 A491 − 11 (Reapproved 2017)
Standard Specification for
Aluminum-Coated Steel Chain-Link Fence Fabric
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A491; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This specification covers aluminum-coated steel chain-link fence fabric, aluminum-coated before weaving.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
only.
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products
A700 Guide for Packaging, Marking, and Loading Methods for Steel Products for Shipment
A817 Specification for Metallic-Coated Steel Wire for Chain-Link Fence Fabric and Marcelled Tension Wire
2.2 Federal Standard:
Fed. Std. No. 123 Marking for Shipment, Civil Agencies
2.3 Military Standards:
MIL-STD-129 Marking for Shipment and Storage
MIL-STD-163 Steel Mill Products, Preparation for Shipment and Storage
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 chain link fence fabric—a fencing material made from steel wire helically wound and interwoven in such a manner as to
provide a continuous mesh without knots or ties except in the form of knuckling or of twisting the ends of the wires to form the
selvage of the fabric.
3.1.2 diamond count—the number of diamond openings from one edge of the fabric to the other. The diamond count of a given
fabric shall begin at the first completed diamond at one edge and continue to the unfinished ( ⁄2 ) or full opening at the other edge.
3.1.3 knuckling—a term used to describe the type of selvage obtained by interlocking adjacent pairs of wire ends and then
bending the wire ends back into a loop. The loop shall be closed or nearly closed to a measurement less than the diameter of the
wire.
3.1.4 twisting—a term used to describe the type of selvage obtained by twisting adjacent pairs of wire ends together in a close
helix of 1 ⁄2 machine turns, which is equivalent to 3 full twists, and cutting the wire ends at an angle. The wire ends beyond the
twist shall be at least ⁄4 in. (6.4 mm) long. This type of selvage is not used on fabric with a mesh size of less than 2 in. (50.8 mm).
4. Ordering Information
4.1 Orders for chain-link fence fabric purchased to this specification shall include the following information:
4.1.1 Quantity (Section 14),
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F14 on Fences and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F14.40 on Chain Link Fence and Wire
Accessories.
Current edition approved June 1, 2011June 1, 2017. Published June 2011June 2017. Originally approved in 1963. Last previous edition approved in 20102011 as
A491 - 10.A491 - 11. DOI: 10.1520/A0491-11.10.1520/A0491-11R17.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
A491 − 11 (2017)
4.1.2 Size of mesh (Section 7),
4.1.3 Size of wire (Section 8),
4.1.4 Height of fabric (Section 9),
4.1.5 Diamond count, if specified (Section 6),
4.1.6 Type of selvage (Section 10),
4.1.7 Certification if required (Section 17), and
4.1.8 ASTM designation and year of issue.
4.2 All rolls of fencing accepted by the purchaser shall be billed on the basis of the original footage of the rolls before sampling,
unless changed by contractual arrangement.
NOTE 1—A typical ordering description is as follows: 25 rolls, 50 ft each, chain-link fence fabric, aluminum-coated, 2 in. mesh. 0.148 in. wire, 60 in.
high, knuckled both selvages, to ASTM A491–XX.
5. Materials
5.1 The wire from which the fabric is woven shall conform to all requirements of Specification A817 for Type I coating.
6. Weave
6.1 The wire shall be woven throughout in the form of approximately uniform square mesh, having parallel sides and horizontal
and vertical diagonals of approximately uniform dimensions. The top and bottom of the fabric shall be knuckled or twisted as
specified in Section 10.
6.2 Typical diamond count for each standard height is shown in Table 1. Other diamond counts are permissible provided that
they are consistent within a lot. The purchaser has the option to specify the diamond count (4.1.5).
7. Size of Mesh
7.1 The size of mesh shall be as indicated in Table 2 (see Fig. 1).
7.2 The permissible variation from the specified size of mesh shall be 6 ⁄8 in. (63.2 mm) for all mesh sizes over 1 in. (25 mm),
and 6 ⁄16 in. (61.6 mm) for all mesh sizes 1 in. (25.4 mm) and under.
7.3 The size of mesh shall be determined by measuring the minimum clear distance between the wires forming the parallel sides
of the mesh, and determined as the average of two readings taken at right angles to each other.
8. Size of Wire
8.1 Chain-link fabric shall be fabricated from wire diameters as listed in Specification A817, with a permissible variation from
the specified diameter of the coated wire of 60.005 in. (60.13 mm).
9. Height of Fabric
9.1 Chain-link fabric shall be furnished in the standard heights shown in Table 2. Custom order fabric is available in heights
to and including 20 ft. (6.56 m). The height of fabric shall be the overall dimension from ends of twists or knuckles. The
permissible variation from the specified height shall be 61 in. (625 mm) for standard selvage on fabric with mesh sizes 1 in. (25
mm) and over and 6 ⁄2 in. (613 mm) for all fabric with mesh sizes less than 1 in. (25 mm).
A
TABLE 1 Typical Diamond Count
NOTE 1—Other diamond counts are permitted (see 6.2).
NOTE 2— For fabric heights over 144 in., see Section 9.
Height of Fence Fabric, in.
Nominal Diameter Coated Size of
Wire, in. Mesh, in.
36 42 48 60 72 84 96 108 120 144
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
0.192 2 10 ⁄2 12 ⁄2 13 ⁄2 17 ⁄2 20 ⁄2 24 ⁄2 27 ⁄2 31 ⁄2 34 ⁄2 41 ⁄2
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
0.148 2 10 ⁄2 12 ⁄2 13 ⁄2 17 ⁄2 20 ⁄2 24 ⁄2 27 ⁄2 31 ⁄2 34 ⁄2 41 ⁄2
3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
0.148 1 ⁄4 11 ⁄2 13 ⁄2 15 ⁄2 19 ⁄2 23 ⁄2 27 ⁄2 31 ⁄2 35 ⁄2 39 ⁄2 41 ⁄2
0.148 1 ⁄4 17 21 23 29 35 41 46 52 56 70
0.148 1 20 23 27 33 39 45 53 61 67 79
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
0.135 2 10 ⁄2 12 ⁄2 13 ⁄2 17 ⁄2 20 ⁄2 24 ⁄2 27 ⁄2 31 ⁄2 34 ⁄2 41 ⁄2
1 1 1 1 1 1
0.120 2 10 ⁄2 12 ⁄2 14 ⁄2 17 ⁄2 20 ⁄2 24 ⁄2 . . . . . . . . . . . .
3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
0.120 1 ⁄4 11 ⁄2 13 ⁄2 15 ⁄2 19 ⁄2 23 ⁄2 27 ⁄2 31 ⁄2 35 ⁄2 39 ⁄2 47 ⁄2
0.120 1 ⁄4 17 21 23 29 35 41 46 52 58 70
0.120 1 20 23 27 33 39 45 53 61 67 79
1 1 1 1 1 1
0.113 2 ⁄8 9 ⁄2 11 ⁄2 13 ⁄2 16 ⁄2 19 ⁄2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A
See Appendix X1 for metric equivalents.
A491 − 11 (2017)
A
TABLE 2 Sizes of Wire and Mesh
NOTE 1— For fabric heights over 144 in., see 9.1.
Specified Diameter of Height of Fence Fabric, in.
B
Size, Coated Wire Gage Size of Mesh, in.
Coated Wire, in.
0.192 6 2 36, 42, 48, 60, 72, 84, 96, 108, 120, 144
0.148 9 2 36, 42, 48, 60, 72, 84, 96, 108, 120, 144
0.148 9 1 ⁄4 36, 42, 48, 60, 72, 84, 96, 108, 120, 144
C
0.148 9 1 ⁄4 36, 42, 48, 60, 72, 84, 96, 108, 120, 144
0.148 9 1 36, 42, 48, 60, 72, 84, 96, 108, 120, 144
0.148 9 ⁄2 36, 42, 48, 60, 72, 84, 96, 108, 120, 144
0.135 10 2 36, 42, 48, 60, 72, 84, 96, 108, 120, 144
0.120 11 2 36, 42, 48, 60, 72, 84 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
0.120 11 1 ⁄4 36, 42, 48, 60, 72, 84, 96, 108, 120, 144
C
0.120 11 1 ⁄4 36, 42, 48, 60, 72, 84, 96, 108, 120, 144
0.120 11 1 36, 42, 48, 60, 72, 84, 96, 108, 120, 144
D
0.120 11 ⁄8 36, 42, 48, 60, 72, 84, 96, 108, 120, 144
D
0.120 11 ⁄2 36, 42, 48, 60, 72,
...