ASTM C1043-16
(Practice)Standard Practice for Guarded-Hot-Plate Design Using Circular Line-Heat Sources
Standard Practice for Guarded-Hot-Plate Design Using Circular Line-Heat Sources
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice describes the design of a guarded hot plate with circular line-heat sources and provides guidance in determining the mean temperature of the meter plate. It provides information and calculation procedures for: (1) control of edge heat loss or gain (Annex A1); (2) location and installation of line-heat sources (Annex A2); (3) design of the gap between the meter and guard plates (Appendix X1); and (4) location of heater leads for the meter plate (Appendix X2).
4.2 A circular guarded hot plate with one or more line-heat sources is amenable to mathematical analysis so that the mean surface temperature is calculated from the measured power input and the measured temperature(s) at one or more known locations. Further, a circular plate geometry simplifies the mathematical analysis of errors resulting from heat gains or losses at the edges of the specimens (see Refs (10, 11)).
4.3 The line-heat source(s) is (are) placed in the meter plate at a prescribed radius such that the temperature at the outer edge of the meter plate is equal to the mean surface temperature over the meter area. Thus, the determination of the mean temperature of the meter plate is accomplished with a small number of temperature sensors placed near the gap.
4.4 A guarded hot plate with one or more line-heat sources will have a radial temperature variation, with the maximum temperature differences being quite small compared to the average temperature drop across the specimens. Provided guarding is adequate, only the mean surface temperature of the meter plate enters into calculations of thermal transmission properties.
4.5 Care shall be taken to design a circular line-heat-source guarded hot plate so that the electric-current leads to each heater either do not significantly alter the temperature distributions in the meter and guard plates or else affect these temperature distributions in a known way so that appropriate corrections are applied.
4.6 The use of one or a few ...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the design of a circular line-heat-source guarded hot plate for use in accordance with Test Method C177.
Note 1: Test Method C177 describes the guarded-hot-plate apparatus and the application of such equipment for determining thermal transmission properties of flat-slab specimens. In principle, the test method includes apparatus designed with guarded hot plates having either distributed- or line-heat sources.
1.2 The guarded hot plate with circular line-heat sources is a design in which the meter and guard plates are circular plates having a relatively small number of heaters, each embedded along a circular path at a fixed radius. In operation, the heat from each line-heat source flows radially into the plate and is transmitted axially through the test specimens.
1.3 The meter and guard plates are fabricated from a continuous piece of thermally conductive material. The plates are made sufficiently thick that, for typical specimen thermal conductances, the radial and axial temperature variations in the guarded hot plate are quite small. By proper location of the line-heat source(s), the temperature at the edge of the meter plate is made equal to the mean temperature of the meter plate, thus facilitating temperature measurements and thermal guarding.
1.4 The line-heat-source guarded hot plate has been used successfully over a mean temperature range from − 10 to + 65°C, with circular metal plates and a single line-heat source in the meter plate. The chronological development of the design of circular line-heat-source guarded hot plates is given in Refs (1-9).2
1.5 This practice does not preclude (1) lower or higher temperatures; (2) plate geometries other than circular; (3) line-heat-source geometries other than circular; (4) the use of plates fabricated from ceramics, composites, or other materials; or (5) the use of multiple line-heat sources in both the meter and guard plates.
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Designation: C1043 − 16
Standard Practice for
Guarded-Hot-Plate Design Using Circular Line-Heat
1
Sources
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1043; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope platesfabricatedfromceramics,composites,orothermaterials;
or (5) the use of multiple line-heat sources in both the meter
1.1 This practice covers the design of a circular line-heat-
and guard plates.
source guarded hot plate for use in accordance with Test
Method C177. 1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
NOTE 1—Test Method C177 describes the guarded-hot-plate apparatus
standard.
and the application of such equipment for determining thermal transmis-
sion properties of flat-slab specimens. In principle, the test method
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
includes apparatus designed with guarded hot plates having either
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
distributed- or line-heat sources.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
1.2 The guarded hot plate with circular line-heat sources is
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
adesigninwhichthemeterandguardplatesarecircularplates
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
having a relatively small number of heaters, each embedded
along a circular path at a fixed radius. In operation, the heat 2. Referenced Documents
from each line-heat source flows radially into the plate and is 3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
transmitted axially through the test specimens.
C168Terminology Relating to Thermal Insulation
1.3 The meter and guard plates are fabricated from a
C177Test Method for Steady-State Heat Flux Measure-
continuous piece of thermally conductive material. The plates ments and Thermal Transmission Properties by Means of
are made sufficiently thick that, for typical specimen thermal the Guarded-Hot-Plate Apparatus
conductances,theradialandaxialtemperaturevariationsinthe C1044Practice for Using a Guarded-Hot-PlateApparatus or
guarded hot plate are quite small. By proper location of the Thin-Heater Apparatus in the Single-Sided Mode
line-heat source(s), the temperature at the edge of the meter
E230Specification and Temperature-Electromotive Force
plateismadeequaltothemeantemperatureofthemeterplate, (EMF) Tables for Standardized Thermocouples
thus facilitating temperature measurements and thermal guard-
2.2 ASTM Adjuncts:
4
ing.
Line-Heat-Source Guarded-Hot-Plate Apparatus
1.4 The line-heat-source guarded hot plate has been used
3. Terminology
successfully over a mean temperature range from − 10
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms and symbols used
to+65°C, with circular metal plates and a single line-heat
in this practice, refer to Terminology C168. For definitions of
source in the meter plate. The chronological development of
terms relating to the guarded-hot-plate apparatus refer to Test
the design of circular line-heat-source guarded hot plates is
2
Method C177.
given in Refs (1-9).
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.5 This practice does not preclude (1) lower or higher
3.2.1 gap, n—a separation between the meter plate and
temperatures; (2) plate geometries other than circular; (3)
guard plate, usually filled with a gas or thermal insulation.
line-heat-source geometries other than circular; (4) the use of
3.2.2 guard plate, n—the outer ring of the guarded hot plate
that encompasses the meter plate and promotes one-
dimensional heat flow normal to the meter plate.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C16 on Thermal
Insulation and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C16.30 on Thermal
Measurement.
3
Current edition approved March 1, 2016. Published March 2016. Originally For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
approved in 1985. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as C1043–06 (2010). contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
DOI: 10.1520/C1043-16. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
2
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to a list of references at the end of the ASTM website.
4
this practice. Available from ASTM Headquarters. Order Adjunct: ADJC1043.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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C1043 − 16
3.2.3 guarded hot plate, n—an assembly, consisting of a ture over the meter area. Thus
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: C1043 − 06 (Reapproved 2010) C1043 − 16
Standard Practice for
Guarded-Hot-Plate Design Using Circular Line-Heat
1
Sources
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1043; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice covers the design of a circular line-heat-source guarded hot plate for use in accordance with Test Method C177.
NOTE 1—Test Method C177 describes the guarded-hot-plate apparatus and the application of such equipment for determining thermal transmission
properties of flat-slab specimens. In principle, the test method includes apparatus designed with guarded hot plates having either distributed- or line-heat
sources.
1.2 The guarded hot plate with circular line-heat sources is a design in which the meter and guard plates are circular plates
having a relatively small number of heaters, each embedded along a circular path at a fixed radius. In operation, the heat from each
line-heat source flows radially into the plate and is transmitted axially through the test specimens.
1.3 The meter and guard plates are fabricated from a continuous piece of thermally conductive material. The plates are made
sufficiently thick that, for typical specimen thermal conductances, the radial and axial temperature variations in the guarded hot
plate are quite small. By proper location of the line-heat source(s), the temperature at the edge of the meter plate can be is made
equal to the mean temperature of the meter plate, thus facilitating temperature measurements and thermal guarding.
1.4 The line-heat-source guarded hot plate has been used successfully over a mean temperature range from − 10 to + 65°C, with
circular metal plates and a single line-heat source in the meter plate. The chronological development of the design of circular
2
line-heat-source guarded hot plates is given in Refs (1-9).
1.5 This practice does not preclude (1) lower or higher temperatures; (2) plate geometries other than circular; (3)
line-heat-source geometries other than circular; (4) the use of plates fabricated from ceramics, composites, or other materials; or
(5) the use of multiple line-heat sources in both the meter and guard plates.
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C168 Terminology Relating to Thermal Insulation
C177 Test Method for Steady-State Heat Flux Measurements and Thermal Transmission Properties by Means of the
Guarded-Hot-Plate Apparatus
C1044 Practice for Using a Guarded-Hot-Plate Apparatus or Thin-Heater Apparatus in the Single-Sided Mode
E230 Specification and Temperature-Electromotive Force (EMF) Tables for Standardized Thermocouples
2.2 ASTM Adjuncts:
4
Line-Heat-Source Guarded-Hot-Plate Apparatus
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C16 on Thermal Insulation and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C16.30 on Thermal Measurement.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2010March 1, 2016. Published January 2011March 2016. Originally approved in 1985. Last previous edition approved in 20062010 as
C1043 – 06.C1043 – 06 (2010). DOI: 10.1520/C1043-06R10.10.1520/C1043-16.
2
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to a list of references at the end of this practice.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
4
Available from ASTM Headquarters. Order Adjunct: ADJC1043.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C1043 − 16
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms and symbols used in this practice, refer to Terminology C168. For definitions of terms
relating to the guarded-hot-plate apparatus refer to Test Method C177
...
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