ASTM C1043-19
(Practice)Standard Practice for Guarded-Hot-Plate Design Using Circular Line-Heat Sources
Standard Practice for Guarded-Hot-Plate Design Using Circular Line-Heat Sources
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice describes the design of a guarded hot plate with circular line-heat sources and provides guidance in determining the mean temperature of the meter plate. It provides information and calculation procedures for: (1) control of edge heat loss or gain (Annex A1); (2) location and installation of line-heat sources (Annex A2); (3) design of the gap between the meter and guard plates (Appendix X1); and (4) location of heater leads for the meter plate (Appendix X2).
4.2 A circular guarded hot plate with one or more line-heat sources is amenable to mathematical analysis so that the mean surface temperature is calculated from the measured power input and the measured temperature(s) at one or more known locations. Further, a circular plate geometry simplifies the mathematical analysis of errors resulting from heat gains or losses at the edges of the specimens (see Refs (10, 11)).
4.3 The line-heat source(s) is (are) placed in the meter plate at a prescribed radius such that the temperature at the outer edge of the meter plate is equal to the mean surface temperature over the meter area. Thus, the determination of the mean temperature of the meter plate is accomplished with a small number of temperature sensors placed near the gap.
4.4 A guarded hot plate with one or more line-heat sources will have a radial temperature variation, with the maximum temperature differences being quite small compared to the average temperature drop across the specimens. Provided guarding is adequate, only the mean surface temperature of the meter plate enters into calculations of thermal transmission properties.
4.5 Care shall be taken to design a circular line-heat-source guarded hot plate so that the electric-current leads to each heater either do not significantly alter the temperature distributions in the meter and guard plates or else affect these temperature distributions in a known way so that appropriate corrections are applied.
4.6 The use of one or a few ...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the design of a circular line-heat-source guarded hot plate for use in accordance with Test Method C177.
Note 1: Test Method C177 describes the guarded-hot-plate apparatus and the application of such equipment for determining thermal transmission properties of flat-slab specimens. In principle, the test method includes apparatus designed with guarded hot plates having either distributed- or line-heat sources.
1.2 The guarded hot plate with circular line-heat sources is a design in which the meter and guard plates are circular plates having a relatively small number of heaters, each embedded along a circular path at a fixed radius. In operation, the heat from each line-heat source flows radially into the plate and is transmitted axially through the test specimens.
1.3 The meter and guard plates are fabricated from a continuous piece of thermally conductive material. The plates are made sufficiently thick that, for typical specimen thermal conductances, the radial and axial temperature variations in the guarded hot plate are quite small. By proper location of the line-heat source(s), the temperature at the edge of the meter plate is made equal to the mean temperature of the meter plate, thus facilitating temperature measurements and thermal guarding.
1.4 The line-heat-source guarded hot plate has been used successfully over a mean temperature range from − 10 to + 65°C, with circular metal plates and a single line-heat source in the meter plate. The chronological development of the design of circular line-heat-source guarded hot plates is given in Refs (1-9).2
Note 2: Detailed drawings and descriptions for the construction of two line-heat-source guarded-hot-plate apparatuses are available in the adjunct.3
1.5 This practice does not preclude (1) lower or higher temperatures; (2) plate geometries other than circular; (3) line-heat-source geometries other than circular; (4) the use of...
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: C1043 − 19
Standard Practice for
Guarded-Hot-Plate Design Using Circular Line-Heat
1
Sources
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1043; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 1.5 This practice does not preclude (1) lower or higher
temperatures; (2) plate geometries other than circular; (3)
1.1 This practice covers the design of a circular line-heat-
line-heat-source geometries other than circular; (4) the use of
source guarded hot plate for use in accordance with Test
platesfabricatedfromceramics,composites,orothermaterials;
Method C177.
or (5) the use of multiple line-heat sources in both the meter
NOTE 1—Test Method C177 describes the guarded-hot-plate apparatus
and guard plates.
and the application of such equipment for determining thermal transmis-
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
sion properties of flat-slab specimens. In principle, the test method
includes apparatus designed with guarded hot plates having either
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
distributed- or line-heat sources.
standard.
1.2 The guarded hot plate with circular line-heat sources is
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
adesigninwhichthemeterandguardplatesarecircularplates
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
having a relatively small number of heaters, each embedded
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
along a circular path at a fixed radius. In operation, the heat
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
from each line-heat source flows radially into the plate and is
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
transmitted axially through the test specimens.
1.8 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
1.3 The meter and guard plates are fabricated from a
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
continuous piece of thermally conductive material. The plates
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
are made sufficiently thick that, for typical specimen thermal
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
conductances,theradialandaxialtemperaturevariationsinthe
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
guarded hot plate are quite small. By proper location of the
line-heat source(s), the temperature at the edge of the meter
2. Referenced Documents
plateismadeequaltothemeantemperatureofthemeterplate,
4
thus facilitating temperature measurements and thermal guard-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
ing. C168Terminology Relating to Thermal Insulation
C177Test Method for Steady-State Heat Flux Measure-
1.4 The line-heat-source guarded hot plate has been used
ments and Thermal Transmission Properties by Means of
successfully over a mean temperature range from − 10
the Guarded-Hot-Plate Apparatus
to+65°C, with circular metal plates and a single line-heat
C1044Practice for Using a Guarded-Hot-PlateApparatus or
source in the meter plate. The chronological development of
Thin-Heater Apparatus in the Single-Sided Mode
the design of circular line-heat-source guarded hot plates is
2 E230Specification for Temperature-Electromotive Force
given in Refs (1-9).
(emf) Tables for Standardized Thermocouples
NOTE2—Detaileddrawingsanddescriptionsfortheconstructionoftwo
2.2 ASTM Adjuncts:
line-heat-source guarded-hot-plate apparatuses are available in the ad-
3
3 Line-Heat-Source Guarded-Hot-Plate Apparatus
junct.
3. Terminology
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C16 on Thermal
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms and symbols used
Insulation and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C16.30 on Thermal
in this practice, refer to Terminology C168. For definitions of
Measurement.
Current edition approved March 1, 2019. Published March 2019. Originally
approved in 1985. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as C1043–16. DOI:
4
10.1520/C1043-19. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
2
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to a list of references at the end of contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
this practice. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
3
Available from ASTM Headquarters. Order Adjunct: ADJC1043. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Ba
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: C1043 − 16 C1043 − 19
Standard Practice for
Guarded-Hot-Plate Design Using Circular Line-Heat
1
Sources
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1043; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice covers the design of a circular line-heat-source guarded hot plate for use in accordance with Test Method C177.
NOTE 1—Test Method C177 describes the guarded-hot-plate apparatus and the application of such equipment for determining thermal transmission
properties of flat-slab specimens. In principle, the test method includes apparatus designed with guarded hot plates having either distributed- or line-heat
sources.
1.2 The guarded hot plate with circular line-heat sources is a design in which the meter and guard plates are circular plates
having a relatively small number of heaters, each embedded along a circular path at a fixed radius. In operation, the heat from each
line-heat source flows radially into the plate and is transmitted axially through the test specimens.
1.3 The meter and guard plates are fabricated from a continuous piece of thermally conductive material. The plates are made
sufficiently thick that, for typical specimen thermal conductances, the radial and axial temperature variations in the guarded hot
plate are quite small. By proper location of the line-heat source(s), the temperature at the edge of the meter plate is made equal
to the mean temperature of the meter plate, thus facilitating temperature measurements and thermal guarding.
1.4 The line-heat-source guarded hot plate has been used successfully over a mean temperature range from − 10 to + 65°C, with
circular metal plates and a single line-heat source in the meter plate. The chronological development of the design of circular
2
line-heat-source guarded hot plates is given in Refs (1-9).
3
NOTE 2—Detailed drawings and descriptions for the construction of two line-heat-source guarded-hot-plate apparatuses are available in the adjunct.
1.5 This practice does not preclude (1) lower or higher temperatures; (2) plate geometries other than circular; (3)
line-heat-source geometries other than circular; (4) the use of plates fabricated from ceramics, composites, or other materials; or
(5) the use of multiple line-heat sources in both the meter and guard plates.
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
4
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C168 Terminology Relating to Thermal Insulation
C177 Test Method for Steady-State Heat Flux Measurements and Thermal Transmission Properties by Means of the
Guarded-Hot-Plate Apparatus
C1044 Practice for Using a Guarded-Hot-Plate Apparatus or Thin-Heater Apparatus in the Single-Sided Mode
E230 Specification for Temperature-Electromotive Force (emf) Tables for Standardized Thermocouples
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C16 on Thermal Insulation and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C16.30 on Thermal Measurement.
Current edition approved March 1, 2016March 1, 2019. Published March 2016March 2019. Originally approved in 1985. Last previous edition approved in 20102016 as
C1043 – 06 (2010).C1043 – 16. DOI: 10.1520/C1043-16.10.1520/C1043-19.
2
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to a list of references at the end of this practice.
3
Available from ASTM Headquarters. Order Adjunct: ADJC1043.
4
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM
...
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: C1043 − 19
Standard Practice for
Guarded-Hot-Plate Design Using Circular Line-Heat
1
Sources
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1043; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 1.5 This practice does not preclude (1) lower or higher
temperatures; (2) plate geometries other than circular; (3)
1.1 This practice covers the design of a circular line-heat-
line-heat-source geometries other than circular; (4) the use of
source guarded hot plate for use in accordance with Test
plates fabricated from ceramics, composites, or other materials;
Method C177.
or (5) the use of multiple line-heat sources in both the meter
NOTE 1—Test Method C177 describes the guarded-hot-plate apparatus
and guard plates.
and the application of such equipment for determining thermal transmis-
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
sion properties of flat-slab specimens. In principle, the test method
includes apparatus designed with guarded hot plates having either
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
distributed- or line-heat sources.
standard.
1.2 The guarded hot plate with circular line-heat sources is
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
a design in which the meter and guard plates are circular plates
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
having a relatively small number of heaters, each embedded
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
along a circular path at a fixed radius. In operation, the heat
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
from each line-heat source flows radially into the plate and is
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
transmitted axially through the test specimens.
1.8 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
1.3 The meter and guard plates are fabricated from a
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
continuous piece of thermally conductive material. The plates
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
are made sufficiently thick that, for typical specimen thermal
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
conductances, the radial and axial temperature variations in the
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
guarded hot plate are quite small. By proper location of the
line-heat source(s), the temperature at the edge of the meter
2. Referenced Documents
plate is made equal to the mean temperature of the meter plate,
4
thus facilitating temperature measurements and thermal guard- 2.1 ASTM Standards:
ing.
C168 Terminology Relating to Thermal Insulation
C177 Test Method for Steady-State Heat Flux Measure-
1.4 The line-heat-source guarded hot plate has been used
ments and Thermal Transmission Properties by Means of
successfully over a mean temperature range from − 10
the Guarded-Hot-Plate Apparatus
to + 65°C, with circular metal plates and a single line-heat
C1044 Practice for Using a Guarded-Hot-Plate Apparatus or
source in the meter plate. The chronological development of
Thin-Heater Apparatus in the Single-Sided Mode
the design of circular line-heat-source guarded hot plates is
2
E230 Specification for Temperature-Electromotive Force
given in Refs (1-9).
(emf) Tables for Standardized Thermocouples
NOTE 2—Detailed drawings and descriptions for the construction of two
2.2 ASTM Adjuncts:
line-heat-source guarded-hot-plate apparatuses are available in the ad-
3
3 Line-Heat-Source Guarded-Hot-Plate Apparatus
junct.
3. Terminology
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C16 on Thermal
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms and symbols used
Insulation and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C16.30 on Thermal
in this practice, refer to Terminology C168. For definitions of
Measurement.
Current edition approved March 1, 2019. Published March 2019. Originally
approved in 1985. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as C1043 – 16. DOI:
4
10.1520/C1043-19. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
2
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to a list of references at the end of contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
this practice. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
3
Available from ASTM Headquarters. Order Adjunct: ADJC1043. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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