ASTM A577/A577M-90(2007)
(Specification)Standard Specification for Ultrasonic Angle-Beam Examination of Steel Plates
Standard Specification for Ultrasonic Angle-Beam Examination of Steel Plates
ABSTRACT
This specification covers ultrasonic angle-beam procedure and acceptance standards for the detection of internal discontinuities not laminar in nature and of surface imperfections in a steel plate. This specification is intended for use only as a supplement to specifications which provide straight-beam ultrasonic examination. The ultrasonic frequency for the examination shall be the highest frequency that permits detection of the required calibration notch.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers an ultrasonic angle-beam procedure and acceptance standards for the detection of internal discontinuities not laminar in nature and of surface imperfections in a steel plate. This specification is intended for use only as a supplement to specifications which provide straight-beam ultrasonic examination. An internal discontinuity that is laminar in nature is one whose principal plane is parallel to the principal plane of the plate.
1.2 Individuals performing examinations in accordance with this specification shall be qualified and certified in accordance with the requirements of the latest edition of ASNT SNT-TC-1A or an equivalent accepted standard. An equivalent standard is one which covers the qualification and certification of ultrasonic nondestructive examination candidates and which is acceptable to the purchaser.
1.3 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification.
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Designation: A577/A577M – 90 (Reapproved 2007)
Standard Specification for
Ultrasonic Angle-Beam Examination of Steel Plates
This standard is issued under the fixed designationA577/A577M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope cation and Certification in Nondestructive Testing
1.1 This specification covers an ultrasonic angle-beam
3. Ordering Information
procedure and acceptance standards for the detection of inter-
3.1 The inquiry and order shall indicate any additions to the
nal discontinuities not laminar in nature and of surface imper-
provisions of this specification as prescribed in 11.1.
fections in a steel plate. This specification is intended for use
only as a supplement to specifications which provide straight-
4. Examination Conditions
beam ultrasonic examination.
4.1 The examination shall be conducted in an area free of
NOTE 1—An internal discontinuity that is laminar in nature is one
operations that interfere with proper performance of the
whose principal plane is parallel to the principal plane of the plate.
examination.
1.2 Individualsperformingexaminationsinaccordancewith
4.2 The surface of the plate shall be conditioned as neces-
this specification shall be qualified and certified in accordance sary to provide a clear, easily interpreted trace pattern on the
with the requirements of the latest edition of ASNT SNT-
screen. Any specified identification which is removed to
TC-1A or an equivalent accepted standard. An equivalent achieve proper surface smoothness shall be restored.
standard is one which covers the qualification and certification
5. Apparatus
of ultrasonic nondestructive examination candidates and which
is acceptable to the purchaser. 5.1 The amplitude linearity shall be checked by positioning
1.3 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units the transducer over the depth resolution notch in the IIW or
are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the similar block so that the signal from the notch is approximately
SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each 30 % of the screen height, and the signal from one of the back
system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must surfaces is approximately 60 % of the screen height (two times
be used independently of the other. Combining values from the the height of the signal from the notch).Acurve is then plotted
two systems may result in nonconformance with the specifi- showing the deviations from the above established 2:1 ratio
cation. that occurs as the amplitude of the signal from the notch is
raised in increments of one scale division until the back
2. Referenced Documents
reflection signal reaches full scale, and then is lowered in
2.1 ASNT Standards:
increments of one scale division until the notch signal reaches
SNT-TC-1A Recommended Practice for Personnel Qualifi- one scale division. At each increment the ratio of the two
signals is determined. The ratios are plotted on the graph at the
position corresponding to the larger signal. Between the limits
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,
of 20 % and 80 % of the screen height the ratio shall be within
Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
10 % of 2:1. Instrument settings used during inspection shall
A01.11 on Steel Plates for Boilers and Pressure Vessels.
Current edition approved March 1, 2007. Published March 2007. Originally
not cause variation outside the 10 % limits established above.
approved in 1967. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as A577/
5.2 The search unit shall be a 45-deg (in steel) angle-beam
A577M – 90 (2001). DOI: 10.1520/A0577_A0577M-90R07.
type with active transducer length and width dimensions of a
For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications, see related Specifi-
cation SA-577/SA-577M in Section II of that Code. Available from American minimum of ⁄2 in. [12.5 mm] and a maximum of 1 in. [25
Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME International Headquarters,
mm]. Search units of other sizes and angles may be used for
Three Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http://www.asme.org.
additional exploration and evaluation.
AvailablefromAmericanSocietyforNondestructiveTesting(ASNT),P.O.Box
28518, 1711 Arlingate Ln., Columbus, OH 43228-0518, http://www.asnt.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
A577/A577M – 90 (2007)
6. Examination Frequency 8.2.2 Without adjusting the instrument settings, reposition
the search unit to obtain a maximum full vee-path indication
6.1 The ultrasonic frequency selected for the examination
from the notch on the test surface. Record the location and
shall be the highest frequency that permits detection of the
amplitude on the screen.
required calibration notch, such that the amplitude of the
8.2.3 Draw a line on the screen connecting the points
indication yields a signal-to-noise ratio of at least 3:1.
established in 8.2.1 and 8.2.2. This curve shall be a DAC for
reporting indication amplitudes.
7. Calibration Reflector
8.3 Plate over 6 in. [150 mm] in Thickness:
7.1 A calibration notch, the geometry of which has been
8.3.1 Place the search unit on the test surface aimed at the
agreed upon by the purchaser and the manufacturer, with a
broad side of the notch on the opposite surface of the plate.
depth of 3 % of the plate thickness, shall be used to calibrate
Positionthesearchunittoobtainamaximumone-halfvee-path
the ultrasonic examination. The notch shall be at least 1 in. [25
indication amplitude. Adjust the instrument gain so that this
mm] long.
amplitudeisatleast50 %butnotmorethan80 %offullscreen
7.2 Insert the notch or notches on the surface of the plate so
height. Record the location and amplitude on the screen.
that they are perpendicular to the long axis at a distance of 2 in.
8.3.2 Without adjusting the instrument settings, reposition
[50 mm] or more from the short edge of the plate. Locate the
the search unit to obtain a maximum full vee-path indication
notch not less than 2 in. [50 mm] from the long edges of the
from the notch on the test surface. Record the location a
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:A 577/A 577M–90(Reapproved 2001) Designation: A577/
A577M – 90 (Reapproved 2007)
Standard Specification for
Ultrasonic Angle-Beam Examination of Steel Plates
This standard is issued under the fixed designationA577/A577M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This specification covers an ultrasonic angle-beam procedure and acceptance standards for the detection of internal
discontinuities not laminar in nature and of surface imperfections in a steel plate. This specification is intended for use only as a
supplement to specifications which provide straight-beam ultrasonic examination.
NOTE 1—An internal discontinuity that is laminar in nature is one whose principal plane is parallel to the principal plane of the plate.
1.2 Individualsperformingexaminationsinaccordancewiththisspecificationshallbequalifiedandcertifiedinaccordancewith
therequirementsofthelatesteditionofASNTSNT-TC-1ASNT-TC-1Aoranequivalentacceptedstandard.Anequivalentstandard
is one which covers the qualification and certification of ultrasonic nondestructive examination candidates and which is acceptable
to the purchaser.
1.3 Thevaluesstatedineitherinch-poundunitsorSIunitsaretoberegardedseparatelyasstandard.Withinthetext,theSIunits
are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used
independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
SNT-TC-1ARecommended Practice for Personnel Qualification and Certification in Nondestructive Testing ASNT Standards:
SNT-TC-1A Recommended Practice for Personnel Qualification and Certification in Nondestructive Testing
3. Ordering Information
3.1 The inquiry and order shall indicate any additions to the provisions of this specification as prescribed in 11.1.
4. Examination Conditions
4.1 The examination shall be conducted in an area free of operations that interfere with proper performance of the examination.
4.2 The surface of the plate shall be conditioned as necessary to provide a clear, easily interpreted trace pattern on the screen.
Any specified identification which is removed to achieve proper surface smoothness shall be restored.
5. Apparatus
5.1 The amplitude linearity shall be checked by positioning the transducer over the depth resolution notch in the IIW or similar
block so that the signal from the notch is approximately 30 % of the screen height, and the signal from one of the back surfaces
is approximately 60 % of the screen height (two times the height of the signal from the notch). A curve is then plotted showing
the deviations from the above established 2:1 ratio that occurs as the amplitude of the signal from the notch is raised in increments
of one scale division until the back reflection signal reaches full scale, and then is lowered in increments of one scale division until
the notch signal reaches one scale division.At each increment the ratio of the two signals is determined. The ratios are plotted on
the graph at the position corresponding to the larger signal. Between the limits of 20 % and 80 % of the screen height the ratio
ThisspecificationisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeA-1A01onSteel,StainlessSteel,SteelandRelatedAlloysandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommittee
A01.11 on Steel Plates for Boilers and Pressure Vessels.
Current edition approved Dec. 28, 1990. Published May 1991. Originally published as A 577–67T. Last previous edition A 577/A 577M–86.
Current edition approved March 1, 2007. Published March 2007. Originally approved in 1967. Last previous edition approved in 2001 asA577/A577M – 90 (2001). DOI:
10.1520/A0577_A0577M-90R07.
For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications, see related Specification SA-577/SA-577M in Section II of that Code.
For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications, see related Specification SA-577/SA-577M in Section II of that Code. Available from American Society of
Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME International Headquarters, Three Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http://www.asme.org.
Available from American Society for Nondestructive Testing, 1711 Arlingate Plaza, Columbus, OH 43228.
Available from American Society for Nondestructive Testing (ASNT), P.O. Box 28518, 1711 Arlingate Ln., Columbus, OH 43228-0518, http://www.asnt.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
A577/A577M – 90 (2007)
shall be within 10 % of 2:1. Instrument settings used during inspection shall not cause variation outside the 10 % limits established
above.
5.2 The search unit shall be a 45-deg (in steel) angle-beam type with active transducer length and width dimensions of a
minimum of ⁄2 in. [12.5 mm] and a maximum of 1 in. [25 mm]. Search units of other sizes and angles may be used for additional
exploration and evaluation.
6. Examination Frequency
6.1 The ultrasonic frequency selected for the examination shall be the highest frequency that permits detection of the required
calibration notch, such that the amplitude of the indication yields a signal-to-noise ratio of at least 3:1.
7. Calibration Reflector
7.1 A calibration notch, the geometry of which has been agreed upon by the purchaser and the manufacturer, with a depth of
3 % of the plate thickness, shall be used to calibrate the ultrasonic examination. The notch shall be at least 1 in. [25 mm] long.
7.2 Insert the notch or notches on the surface of the plate so that they are perpendicular to the long axis at a distance of 2 in.
[50 mm] or more from the short edge of the plate. Locate the notch not less than 2 in. [50 mm] from the long edges of the plate.
7.3 When the notch cannot be inserted in the plate to be tested, it may be placed in a calibration plate of ultrasonically similar
material. The calibration plate will be considered ultrasonically similar if the height of the first back reflection through it is within
25 % of that through the plate to be tested at the same instrument calibration. The calibration plate thickness shall be within 1 in.
[25 mm] of the thickness of plates to be tested, for plates of 2 in. [50 mm] thickness and greater and within 10 % of plates whose
thickness is less than 2 in. [50 mm].
7.4 For plate thicknesses greater t
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