ASTM A745/A745M-20
(Practice)Standard Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of Austenitic Steel Forgings
Standard Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of Austenitic Steel Forgings
ABSTRACT
This test method deals with the procedures for the standard practice of performing contact, pulse-echo ultrasonic examination of austenitic steel forgings by the straight and angle beam techniques. This practice does not cover the ultrasonic examination of nonmagnetic retaining ring forgings. The instrument used for this test method shall be the electronic pulsed reflection type. Prior to examination, specimens shall be heat treated and machined to a rectangular, parallel, or concentric surface configuration, and its surface shall be free of extraneous material such as loose scale, paint, and dirt. Calibration of the apparatus shall be done by either the single-block method or distance-amplitude curve method. Choice of method to be employed shall be determined by the test metal distance involved. Quality levels for acceptance, established by the type and amount of indication present, are detailed thoroughly.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice2 covers straight and angle beam contact, pulse-echo ultrasonic examination of austenitic steel forgings produced in accordance with Practice A388/A388M and Specifications A965/A965M and A1049/A1049M.
1.2 Ultrasonic examination of nonmagnetic retaining ring forgings should be made to Practice A531/A531M rather than this practice.
1.3 Supplementary requirements of an optional nature are provided for use at the option of the purchaser. The supplementary requirements shall apply only when specified individually by the purchaser in the purchase order or contract.
1.4 This practice is expressed in inch-pound and SI units; however, unless the purchase order or contract specifies the applicable “M” specification designation (SI units), the inch-pound units shall apply. The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the practice, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: A745/A745M − 20
Standard Practice for
1
Ultrasonic Examination of Austenitic Steel Forgings
This standard is issued under the fixed designationA745/A745M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents
3
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This practice covers straight and angle beam contact,
A388/A388M Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of Steel
pulse-echo ultrasonic examination of austenitic steel forgings
Forgings
producedinaccordancewithPracticeA388/A388MandSpeci-
A531/A531M Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of
fications A965/A965M and A1049/A1049M.
Turbine-Generator Steel Retaining Rings
1.2 Ultrasonic examination of nonmagnetic retaining ring
A788/A788M Specification for Steel Forgings, General Re-
forgings should be made to Practice A531/A531M rather than
quirements
this practice.
A965/A965M Specification for Steel Forgings, Austenitic,
for Pressure and High Temperature Parts
1.3 Supplementary requirements of an optional nature are
A1049/A1049M Specification for Stainless Steel Forgings,
provided for use at the option of the purchaser. The supple-
Ferritic/Austenitic (Duplex), for Pressure Vessels and
mentary requirements shall apply only when specified indi-
Related Components
vidually by the purchaser in the purchase order or contract.
E317 Practice for Evaluating Performance Characteristics of
1.4 This practice is expressed in inch-pound and SI units;
Ultrasonic Pulse-Echo Testing Instruments and Systems
however, unless the purchase order or contract specifies the
without the Use of Electronic Measurement Instruments
applicable “M” specification designation (SI units), the inch-
E428 Practice for Fabrication and Control of Metal, Other
pound units shall apply. The values stated in either inch-pound
than Aluminum, Reference Blocks Used in Ultrasonic
units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. 4
Testing (Withdrawn 2019)
Within the practice, the SI units are shown in brackets. The
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2.2 ASME Code:
values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equiva-
ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code
lents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each
system shall be used independently of the other, and values 2.3 American Society for Nondestructive Testing Docu-
6
from the two systems shall not be combined. ment:
SNT-TC-1A RecommendedPracticeforNondestructivePer-
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
sonnel Qualification and Certification
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3. Ordering Information
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
3.1 When this practice is to be applied to an inquiry or
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
purchase order, the purchaser shall furnish the following
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
information:
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
3.1.1 Quality level of examination (see Section 12).
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
3.1.2 Additional requirements to this practice.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, the ASTM website.
4
Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
A01.06 on Steel Forgings and Billets. www.astm.org.
5
Current edition approved May 1, 2020. Published June 2020. Originally Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME
approved in 1977. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as A745/A745M-15. International Headquarters, Two Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http://
DOI: 10.1520/A0745_A0745M-20. www.asme.org.
2 6
For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications, see related Specifi- AvailablefromAmericanSocietyforNondestructiveTesting(ASNT),P.O.Box
cation SA-745/SA-745M in Section II of that Code. 28518, 1711 Arlingate Ln., Columbus, OH 43228-0518, http://www.asnt.or
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: A745/A745M − 15 A745/A745M − 20
Standard Practice for
1
Ultrasonic Examination of Austenitic Steel Forgings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A745/A745M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
2
1.1 This practice covers straight and angle beam contact, pulse-echo ultrasonic examination of austenitic steel forgings
produced in accordance with Practice A388/A388M and Specifications A965/A965M and A1049/A1049M.
1.2 Ultrasonic examination of nonmagnetic retaining ring forgings should be made to Practice A531/A531M rather than this
practice.
1.3 Supplementary requirements of an optional nature are provided for use at the option of the purchaser. The supplementary
requirements shall apply only when specified individually by the purchaser in the purchase order or contract.
1.4 This practice is expressed in inch-pound and SI units; however, unless the purchase order or contract specifies the applicable
“M” specification designation (SI units), the inch-pound units shall apply. The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units
are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the practice, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system
mayare not benecessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used
independently of the other. Combiningother, and values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the
standard.shall not be combined.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A388/A388M Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of Steel Forgings
A531/A531M Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of Turbine-Generator Steel Retaining Rings
A788/A788M Specification for Steel Forgings, General Requirements
A965/A965M Specification for Steel Forgings, Austenitic, for Pressure and High Temperature Parts
A1049/A1049M Specification for Stainless Steel Forgings, Ferritic/Austenitic (Duplex), for Pressure Vessels and Related
Components
E317 Practice for Evaluating Performance Characteristics of Ultrasonic Pulse-Echo Testing Instruments and Systems without the
Use of Electronic Measurement Instruments
E428 Practice for Fabrication and Control of Metal, Other than Aluminum, Reference Blocks Used in Ultrasonic Testing
4
(Withdrawn 2019)
5
2.2 ASME Code:
ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A01.06
on Steel Forgings and Billets.
Current edition approved May 1, 2015May 1, 2020. Published May 2015June 2020. Originally approved in 1977. Last previous edition approved in 20122015 as
A745/A745M – 12.A745/A745M-15. DOI: 10.1520/A0745_A0745M-15.10.1520/A0745_A0745M-20.
2
For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications, see related Specification SA-745/SA-745M in Section II of that Code.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’sstandard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
4
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
5
Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME International Headquarters, Two Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http://
www.asme.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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A745/A745M − 20
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2.3 A
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