ASTM D1298-12b
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Density, Relative Density, or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Products by Hydrometer Method
Standard Test Method for Density, Relative Density, or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Products by Hydrometer Method
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Accurate determination of the density, relative density (specific gravity), or API gravity of petroleum and its products is necessary for the conversion of measured volumes to volumes or masses, or both, at the standard reference temperatures of 15°C or 60°F during custody transfer.
This procedure is most suitable for determining the density, relative density (specific gravity), or API gravity of low viscosity transparent liquids. This procedure can also be used for viscous liquids by allowing sufficient time for the hydrometer to reach temperature equilibrium, and for opaque liquids by employing a suitable meniscus correction. Additionally for both transparent and opaque fluids the readings shall be corrected for the thermal glass expansion effect and alternate calibration temperature effects before correcting to the reference temperature.
When used in connection with bulk oil measurements, volume correction errors are minimized by observing the hydrometer reading at a temperature close to that of the bulk oil temperature.
Density, relative density, or API gravity is a factor governing the quality and pricing of crude petroleum. However, this property of petroleum is an uncertain indication of its quality unless correlated with other properties.
Density is an important quality indicator for automotive, aviation and marine fuels, where it affects storage, handling and combustion.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the laboratory determination using a glass hydrometer in conjunction with a series of calculations, of the density, relative density, or API gravity of crude petroleum, petroleum products, or mixtures of petroleum and nonpetroleum products normally handled as liquids, and having a Reid vapor pressure of 101.325 kPa (14.696 psi) or less. Values are determined at existing temperatures and corrected to 15°C or 60°F by means of a series of calculations and international standard tables.
1.2 The initial hydrometer readings obtained are uncorrected hydrometer readings and not density measurements. Readings are measured on a hydrometer at either the reference temperature or at another convenient temperature, and readings are corrected for the meniscus effect, the thermal glass expansion effect, alternate calibration temperature effects and to the reference temperature by means of the Petroleum Measurement Tables; values obtained at other than the reference temperature being hydrometer readings and not density measurements.
1.3 Readings determined as density, relative density, or API gravity can be converted to equivalent values in the other units or alternate reference temperatures by means of Interconversion Procedures (API MPMS Chapter 11.5), or Adjunct to D1250 Guide for Petroleum Measurement Tables (API MPMS Chapter 11.1), or both, or tables, as applicable.
1.4 The initial hydrometer readings determined in the laboratory shall be recorded before performing any calculations. The calculations required in Section 10 shall be applied to the initial hydrometer reading with observations and results reported as required by Section 11 prior to use in a subsequent calculation procedure (ticket calculation, meter factor calculation, or base prover volume determination).
1.5 Annex A1 contains a procedure for verifying or certifying the equipment for this test method.
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D1298 − 12b
Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards (MPMS), Chapter 9.1
Standard Test Method for
Density, Relative Density, or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum
1
and Liquid Petroleum Products by Hydrometer Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1298; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* calculation procedure (ticket calculation, meter factor
calculation, or base prover volume determination).
1.1 This test method covers the laboratory determination
using a glass hydrometer in conjunction with a series of 1.5 AnnexA1 contains a procedure for verifying or certify-
calculations, of the density, relative density, or API gravity of ing the equipment for this test method.
crude petroleum, petroleum products, or mixtures of petroleum
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
and nonpetroleum products normally handled as liquids, and
standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for
having a Reid vapor pressure of 101.325 kPa (14.696 psi) or
information only.
less. Values are determined at existing temperatures and
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
corrected to 15°C or 60°F by means of a series of calculations
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
and international standard tables.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
1.2 The initial hydrometer readings obtained are uncor-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
rected hydrometer readings and not density measurements.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Readings are measured on a hydrometer at either the reference
temperatureoratanotherconvenienttemperature,andreadings
2. Referenced Documents
are corrected for the meniscus effect, the thermal glass expan- 2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
sion effect, alternate calibration temperature effects and to the
D1250 Guide for Use of the Petroleum Measurement Tables
referencetemperaturebymeansofthePetroleumMeasurement
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
Tables; values obtained at other than the reference temperature
Petroleum Products
being hydrometer readings and not density measurements.
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
1.3 Readings determined as density, relative density, orAPI Petroleum Products
gravity can be converted to equivalent values in the other units
D5854 Practice for Mixing and Handling of Liquid Samples
or alternate reference temperatures by means of Interconver- of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
sion Procedures (API MPMS Chapter 11.5), or Adjunct to
E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
D1250 Guide for Petroleum Measurement Tables (API MPMS E100 Specification for ASTM Hydrometers
3
Chapter 11.1), or both, or tables, as applicable.
2.2 API Standards:
MPMS Chapter 8.1 Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
1.4 The initial hydrometer readings determined in the labo-
Petroleum Products (ASTM Practice D4057)
ratory shall be recorded before performing any calculations.
MPMS Chapter 8.2 Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
The calculations required in Section 10 shall be applied to the
Petroleum Products (ASTM Practice D4177)
initial hydrometer reading with observations and results re-
MPMS Chapter 8.3 Mixing and Handling of Liquid Samples
ported as required by Section 11 prior to use in a subsequent
of Petroleum and Petroleum Products (ASTM Practice
D5854)
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and the API Committee on
2
Petroleum Measurement, and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.02 For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
/COMQ, the joint ASTM-API Committee on Hydrocarbon Measurement for contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Custody Transfer (Joint ASTM-API). Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved June 1, 2012. Published October 2012. Originally the ASTM website.
3
approved in 1953. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D1298–12a. DOI: Published as Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards.Available from the
10.1520/D1298-12B. American Petroleum Institute (API), 1220 L St., NW, Washington, DC 20005.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
© Jointly copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-295
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
API Designation: Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards (MPMS), Chapter 9.1
Designation:D1298–12a Designation: D1298 – 12b
Designation: 160/99
Standard Test Method for
Density, Relative Density (Specific Gravity),Density, or API
Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Products
1
by Hydrometer Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1298; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (ϵ) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the laboratory determination using a glass hydrometer in conjunction with a series of calculations,
of the density, relative density, orAPI gravity of crude petroleum, petroleum products, or mixtures of petroleum and nonpetroleum
products normally handled as liquids, and having a Reid vapor pressure of 101.325 kPa (14.696 psi) or less.Values are determined
at existing temperatures and corrected to 15°C or 60°F by means of a series of calculations and international standard tables.
1.2 The initial hydrometer readings obtained are uncorrected hydrometer readings and not density measurements. Readings are
measured on a hydrometer at either the reference temperature or at another convenient temperature, and readings are corrected for
the meniscus effect, the thermal glass expansion effect, alternate calibration temperature effects and to the reference temperature
bymeansofthePetroleumMeasurementTables;valuesobtainedatotherthanthereferencetemperaturebeinghydrometerreadings
and not density measurements.
1.3 Readings determined as density, relative density, orAPI gravity can be converted to equivalent values in the other units or
alternate reference temperatures by means of Interconversion Procedures (API MPMS Chapter 11.5), orAdjunct to D1250 Guide
for Petroleum Measurement Tables (API MPMS Chapter 11.1), or both, or tables, as applicable.
1.4 The initial hydrometer readings determined in the laboratory shall be recorded before performing any calculations. The
calculations required in Section 10 shall be applied to the initial hydrometer reading with observations and results reported as
required by Section 11 prior to use in a subsequent calculation procedure (ticket calculation, meter factor calculation, or base
prover volume determination).
1.5 Annex A1 contains a procedure for verifying or certifying the equipment for this test method.
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information
only.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1250 Guide for Use of the Petroleum Measurement Tables
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products (API MPMS Chapter 8.1)
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products (API MPMS Chapter 8.2)
D5854 Practice for Mixing and Handling of Liquid Samples of Petroleum and Petroleum Products (API MPMS Chapter 8.3)
E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
E100 Specification for ASTM Hydrometers
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and the API Committee on Petroleum Measurement, and is
the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.02 /COMQ, the joint ASTM-API Committee on Hydrocarbon Measurement for Custody Transfer (Joint ASTM-API).
Current edition approved May 15,June 1, 2012. Published October 2012. Originally approved in 1953. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D1298–12a. DOI:
10.1520/D1298-12AB.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
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D1298 –
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