ASTM D8144-18e1
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Separation and Determination of Aromatics, Nonaromatics, and FAME Fractions in Middle Distillates by Solid-Phase Extraction and Gas Chromatography
Standard Test Method for Separation and Determination of Aromatics, Nonaromatics, and FAME Fractions in Middle Distillates by Solid-Phase Extraction and Gas Chromatography
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 For the middle distillates whose boiling range is between 170 °C and 400 °C by such distillation methods like Test Method D2887, Procedure A can separate and determine the content of total aromatics and total nonaromatics by SPE and GC analysis of the resulting fractions. The determination of the total content of saturates and aromatics in petroleum middle distillates is useful to investigate the effects of petroleum processes on production of various finished fuels.
5.2 The total aromatics content and polycyclic aromatics content are important to characterize the quality of diesel fuels. This test method is demonstrated to be time-saving and eco-friendly by reducing the amount of reagent consumption and avoiding the necessity of solvent evaporation step as required, for example, in such Test Method D2549.
5.3 The determination of detailed hydrocarbon composition by mass spectrometry requires a preliminary separation of the sample into representative aromatics and nonaromatics, as in Test Method D2425, where Test Method D2549 is used to separate the distillate fuel. The SPE fractionation procedure described herein may provide a suitable fractionation alternative approach for these mass spectrometric types of methods.
5.4 Biodiesel is a blendstock commodity primarily used as a value-added blending component with diesel fuel. Procedure B can provide a separation and determination technique to monitor the FAME content for FAME biodiesel blends.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the separation and determination of representative aromatics, nonaromatics, and fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) fractions in middle distillates that boil between 170 °C and 400 °C, including biodiesel blends with up to 20 % by volume of FAME, by solid phase extraction and gas chromatography.
1.2 This test method provides two procedures, A and B. Procedure A is applicable to the petroleum-based middle distillates fuel, and Procedure B is applicable to the biodiesel blends with up to 20 % by volume of FAME.
1.3 This test method is applicable to middle distillates samples with aromatics content ranging from 5 % to 50 % by mass and biodiesel blends with FAME content in the range of 0.5 % to 20 % by volume. This test method may apply to concentrations outside these ranges, but the precision has not been determined.
1.4 For Procedure B, biodiesels in the form of fatty acid ethyl ester (FAEE) can also fully elute into the FAME fraction, and they have the similar FID (flame ionization detector) relative response factors with that of FAME. The determined content of FAME fractions are the sum of concentrations of FAME and FAEE by this test method (see 3.1.5).
1.5 From the investigation results obtained for FAME determination, the low concentrations of monoglycerides (usually less than 0.5 % by mass in biodiesel blends) are not detectable under the gas chromatographic (GC) condition of this test method and will not interfere with the determination of FAME by Procedure B. As a result, biodiesel blends, conforming to the requirements of Specification D7467, containing up to 20 % by volume of biodiesel blendstock meeting the requirements in Specification D6751, typically contain concentrations of monoglycerides of less than 0.1 % by mass. The diglycerides and triglycerides, if present, are not detected under the GC condition of this test method due to their higher boiling points.
Note 1: If a sample is suspected of containing an abnormal FAME biodiesel feedstock than specified in Specification D6751, for example, a sample contaminated with vegetable oil with a high level of total triglycerides, the content of mono-, di-, or tri-glycerides in the isolated FAME fraction may be determined using Test Method D6584. Samples containing biodiesels with a high amount of glycerides than specified in Specification D6751 may contaminate the GC column and not recommended for this test method.
1.6 The values stated in a...
General Information
Buy Standard
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
´1
Designation: D8144 − 18
Standard Test Method for
Separation and Determination of Aromatics, Nonaromatics,
and FAME Fractions in Middle Distillates by Solid-Phase
1
Extraction and Gas Chromatography
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8144; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
ε NOTE—Footnote 4 was updated editorially in June 2019.
1. Scope trations of monoglycerides of less than 0.1 % by mass. The
diglyceridesandtriglycerides,ifpresent,arenotdetectedunder
1.1 This test method covers the separation and determina-
the GC condition of this test method due to their higher boiling
tion of representative aromatics, nonaromatics, and fatty acid
points.
methyl ester (FAME) fractions in middle distillates that boil
NOTE 1—If a sample is suspected of containing an abnormal FAME
between170 °Cand400 °C,includingbiodieselblendswithup
biodiesel feedstock than specified in Specification D6751, for example, a
to20 %byvolumeofFAME,bysolidphaseextractionandgas
sample contaminated with vegetable oil with a high level of total
chromatography. triglycerides, the content of mono-, di-, or tri-glycerides in the isolated
FAME fraction may be determined using Test Method D6584. Samples
1.2 This test method provides two procedures, A and B.
containing biodiesels with a high amount of glycerides than specified in
Procedure A is applicable to the petroleum-based middle
Specification D6751 may contaminate the GC column and not recom-
distillates fuel, and Procedure B is applicable to the biodiesel mended for this test method.
blends with up to 20 % by volume of FAME.
1.6 The values stated in acceptable SI units are to be
regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are
1.3 This test method is applicable to middle distillates
included in this standard
samples with aromatics content ranging from 5 % to 50 % by
mass and biodiesel blends with FAME content in the range of
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
0.5 % to 20 % by volume. This test method may apply to
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
concentrations outside these ranges, but the precision has not
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
been determined.
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 For Procedure B, biodiesels in the form of fatty acid
1.8 This international standard was developed in accor-
ethyl ester (FAEE) can also fully elute into the FAME fraction,
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
and they have the similar FID (flame ionization detector)
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
relative response factors with that of FAME. The determined
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
content of FAME fractions are the sum of concentrations of
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
FAME and FAEE by this test method (see 3.1.5).
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1.5 From the investigation results obtained for FAME
determination, the low concentrations of monoglycerides (usu-
2. Referenced Documents
ally less than 0.5 % by mass in biodiesel blends) are not
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
detectable under the gas chromatographic (GC) condition of
D2425 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Middle Dis-
thistestmethodandwillnotinterferewiththedeterminationof
tillates by Mass Spectrometry
FAME by Procedure B.As a result, biodiesel blends, conform-
D2549 Test Method for Separation of Representative Aro-
ing to the requirements of Specification D7467, containing up
matics and Nonaromatics Fractions of High-Boiling Oils
to 20 % by volume of biodiesel blendstock meeting the
by Elution Chromatography
requirementsinSpecificationD6751,typicallycontainconcen-
D2887 Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of Pe-
troleum Fractions by Gas Chromatography
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
2
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Subcommittee D02.04.0L on Gas Chromatography Methods. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Current edition approved March 1, 2018. Published April 2018. DOI: 10.1520/ Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
D8144-18E01. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation: D8144 − 18 D8144 − 18
Standard Test Method for
Separation and Determination of Aromatics, Nonaromatics,
and FAME Fractions in Middle Distillates by Solid-Phase
1
Extraction and Gas Chromatography
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8144; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
ε NOTE—Footnote 4 was updated editorially in June 2019.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the separation and determination of representative aromatics, nonaromatics, and fatty acid methyl
ester (FAME) fractions in middle distillates that boil between 170 °C and 400 °C, including biodiesel blends with up to 20 % by
volume of FAME, by solid phase extraction and gas chromatography.
1.2 This test method provides two procedures, A and B. Procedure A is applicable to the petroleum-based middle distillates fuel,
and Procedure B is applicable to the biodiesel blends with up to 20 % by volume of FAME.
1.3 This test method is applicable to middle distillates samples with aromatics content ranging from 5 % to 50 % by mass and
biodiesel blends with FAME content in the range of 0.5 % to 20 % by volume. This test method may apply to concentrations
outside these ranges, but the precision has not been determined.
1.4 For Procedure B, biodiesels in the form of fatty acid ethyl ester (FAEE) can also fully elute into the FAME fraction, and
they have the similar FID (flame ionization detector) relative response factors with that of FAME. The determined content of
FAME fractions are the sum of concentrations of FAME and FAEE by this test method (see 3.1.5).
1.5 From the investigation results obtained for FAME determination, the low concentrations of monoglycerides (usually less
than 0.5 % by mass in biodiesel blends) are not detectable under the gas chromatographic (GC) condition of this test method and
will not interfere with the determination of FAME by Procedure B. As a result, biodiesel blends, conforming to the requirements
of Specification D7467, containing up to 20 % by volume of biodiesel blendstock meeting the requirements in Specification
D6751, typically contain concentrations of monoglycerides of less than 0.1 % by mass. The diglycerides and triglycerides, if
present, are not detected under the GC condition of this test method due to their higher boiling points.
NOTE 1—If a sample is suspected of containing an abnormal FAME biodiesel feedstock than specified in Specification D6751, for example, a sample
contaminated with vegetable oil with a high level of total triglycerides, the content of mono-, di-, or tri-glycerides in the isolated FAME fraction may
be determined using Test Method D6584. Samples containing biodiesels with a high amount of glycerides than specified in Specification D6751 may
contaminate the GC column and not recommended for this test method.
1.6 The values stated in acceptable SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in
this standard
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D2425 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Middle Distillates by Mass Spectrometry
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.04.0L on Gas Chromatography Methods.
Current edition approved March 1, 2018. Published April 2018. DOI: 10.1520/D8144-18.10.1520/D8144-18E01.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.