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ASTM E1357-90(2001)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Determining the Rate of Bioleaching of Iron From Pyrite by Thiobacillus Ferrooxidans (Withdrawn 2010)

Standard Test Method for Determining the Rate of Bioleaching of Iron From Pyrite by <i>Thiobacillus Ferrooxidans</i> (Withdrawn 2010)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The development and refinement of processes for bioleaching of metal ores and coal desulfurization require intercomparison of bioleaching data both to better understand metal ore bioleaching mechanisms and to develop more effective strains. For uncertain reasons, different strains of T. ferrooxidans exhibit different pyrite leaching rates and different sources of pyrite vary widely in susceptibility to microbial attack.
This test method has been developed to provide a standard procedure for evaluating the rate of bioleaching of iron from iron pyrite (FeS2), a commonly used growth substrate for T. ferrooxidans and an important mineral that is biologically degraded in commercial bioleaching operations and in many exposed coal deposits. A high leaching rate in this test is evidence for potential degradability of the mineral in mining operations. A low rate of bioleaching suggests that the mineral is inherently not a good substrate or that it contains toxicants toward thiobacilli, and might not be readily bioleaching in a mining operation.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers procedures for determining the rate of bioleaching of iron from pyrite (FeS2) by the bacterium Thiobacillus ferrooxidans .
1.2  This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This test method covers procedures for determining the rate of bioleaching of iron from pyrite (FeS2) by the bacterium Thiobacillus ferrooxidans.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee E48 on Biotechnology, this test method was withdrawn in February 2010 in accordance with section 10.5.3.1 of the Regulations Governing ASTM Technical Committees, which requires that standards shall be updated by the end of the eighth year since the last approval date.

General Information

Status
Withdrawn
Publication Date
31-Dec-2000
Withdrawal Date
31-Jan-2010
ICS
73.060.10 - Iron ores
Technical Committee
E48 - Bioenergy and Industrial Chemicals from Biomass
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM E1357-90(1996)e1 - Standard Test Method for Determining the Rate of Bioleaching of Iron From Pyrite by <i>Thiobacillus Ferrooxidans</i>
Effective Date
01-Jan-2001

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ASTM E1357-90(2001) - Standard Test Method for Determining the Rate of Bioleaching of Iron From Pyrite by <i>Thiobacillus Ferrooxidans</i> (Withdrawn 2010)ASTM E1357-90(2001) - Standard Test Method for Determining the Rate of Bioleaching of Iron From Pyrite by <i>Thiobacillus Ferrooxidans</i> (Withdrawn 2010)
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ASTM E1357-90(2001) - Standard Test Method for Determining the Rate of Bioleaching of Iron From Pyrite by <i>Thiobacillus Ferrooxidans</i> (Withdrawn 2010)
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation:E1357–90(Reapproved 2001)
Standard Test Method for
Determining the Rate of Bioleaching of Iron From Pyrite by
Thiobacillus Ferrooxidans
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1357; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 4. Summary of Test Method
1.1 This test method covers procedures for determining the 4.1 Cells of T. ferrooxidans grown on ferrous iron are added
rate of bioleaching of iron from pyrite (FeS ) by the bacterium to conical flasks containing finely ground iron pyrite in an
Thiobacillus ferrooxidans. inorganic salts medium (2 % pulp density). The culture is
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the incubated with agitation and samples are periodically with-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the drawn for determination of soluble iron. The rate of pyrite
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- leaching is determined from the linear portion of a curve-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- plotting soluble iron produced versus time.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. 4.2 The average rate of soluble iron production in mg of
iron/L/h is reported along with values for uninoculated con-
2. Referenced Documents
trols. The standard deviation for triplicate flasks is also
2.1 ASTM Standards: reported. Also to be reported is the particle size range of the
D516 Test Method for Sulfate Ion in Water
pyrite and the initial and final pH values of the test solutions.
D1068 Test Methods for Iron in Water
5. Significance and Use
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D4455 TestMethodforEnumerationofAquaticBacteriaby 5.1 The development and refinement of processes for bi-
Epifluorescence Microscopy Counting Procedure oleaching of metal ores and coal desulfurization require
intercomparison of bioleaching data both to better understand
3. Terminology
metal ore bioleaching mechanisms and to develop more
3.1 Definition: effective strains. For uncertain reasons, different strains of T.
3.1.1 soluble iron—the complexed and dissolved iron as
ferrooxidansexhibitdifferentpyriteleachingratesanddifferent
determined by Vuorinen et al. in their study of the species of sources of pyrite vary widely in susceptibility to microbial
iron released from pyrite oxidation by T. ferrooxidans. They
attack.
found that values of complexed and dissolved iron corre- 5.2 This test method has been developed to provide a
sponded closely with “total iron” as determined after hot
standard procedure for evaluating the rate of bioleaching of
sulfuric acid digestion of samples, particularly at 1 to 2 % pulp iron from iron pyrite (FeS ), a commonly used growth sub-
density.
strate for T. ferrooxidans and an important mineral that is
biologically degraded in commercial bioleaching operations
and in many exposed coal deposits.Ahigh leaching rate in this
test is evidence for potential degradability of the mineral in
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E48 on
mining operations. A low rate of bioleaching suggests that the
Biotechnology and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E48.03 on Unit
Processes and Their Control.
mineral is inherently not a good substrate or that it contains
Current edition approved May 25, 1990. Published July 1990. DOI: 10.1520/
toxicants toward thiobacilli, and might not be readily bioleach-
E1357-90R01.
2 ing in a mining operation.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
6. Apparatus
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
6.1 An Gyratory Incubator-Shaker, for maintaining cultures
Vuorinen,A., Hiltunen, P., Hsu, J. C., andTuovinen, O. H., “Solubilization and
at constant temperature (28 6 2°C) and agitation rate (200
Speciation of Iron During Pyrite Oxidation by Thiobacillus ferrooxidans,” Geomi-
crobiology Journal, Vol 3, 1983, pp. 95–120. r/min) during both inoculum preparation and the leaching test.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
E1357–90 (2001)
6.2 An Ultraviolet-Visible Light Spectrophotometer, Colo- diluted into 25 mL (for 125-mL flasks) 50 mL (for 250-mL
rimeter or Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer, for deter- flasks) or 100 mL (for 500-mL flasks) of the above medium at
mining concentration of soluble iron. one-tenth strength (diluted with 0.1N H SO ), minus ferrous
2 4
6.3 A Centrifuge, for harvesting cells of T. ferrooxidans sulfate but containing pyrite at 2.0 % pulp density (2 g/100
prior to inoculation of the pyrite suspension and for removing mL). Make sure that starting cell concentrations are 1 to
particlesofironfromsolutionpriortoanalysisforsolubleiron. 5 3 10 cells/mL.The flasks containing the liquid medium and
A filtration apparatus may also be used for particle removal pyrite are sterilized at 110°C and cooled prior to inoculation.
prior to analysis for soluble iron. Make sure that the pH of the solution after autoclaving is near
6.4 Conical Flasks, 500, 250 ml or 125 mL (non-baffled). 2.0. The flasks are weighed so that losses of water due to
evaporation can be replaced.
7. Reagents and Materials
NOTE 1—Where samples of pyrite contain appreciable acid buffering
7.1 Purity of Reagents—Reagent grade chemicals shall be
capacity (for example, associated carbonates), the pH in the testing
used in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that
solution may rise to levels unsuitable for optimal growth of T. ferrooxi-
all reagents conform to the specifications of the Committee on dans.AlthoughtheelevatedpHindicatesthatthesampleofpyritemaynot
be a good substrate for T. ferrooxidans, the investigator may wish to
Analytical Reagents of
...

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