ASTM D5264-98(2004)
(Test Method)Standard Practice for Abrasion Resistance of Printed Materials by the Sutherland Rub Tester
Standard Practice for Abrasion Resistance of Printed Materials by the Sutherland Rub Tester
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Abrasion resistance is a desirable and sometimes critical property of printed materials. Abrasion damage can occur during shipment, storage, handling, and end use. The result is a significant decrease in product appearance and legibility of product information. The amount of abrasion damage to a printed substrate is dependent on shipping conditions, possibly temperature and humidity, time, and many other variables. This practice provides a way of comparing abrasion resistance of printed materials under laboratory conditions.
This practice also can be used to evaluate the relative abrasion resistance of printed inks, coatings, laminates, and substrates.
This practice can be modified to measure the effects of the product (detergent powder, food, beverages, etc.) on abrasion resistance, as may occur in spillage or leakage in transit.
This practice can provide a reasonably simple procedure that can be used by both the buyer and the seller of printed materials to determine if the product offered for sale meets some predetermined standard for abrasion or scuff resistance.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers a procedure for determining the abrasion resistance of printed materials using the Sutherland Rub Tester, or its equivalent, equipped with full-width rubber pads and using standardized receptors.
1.2 This practice is applicable to labels, folding cartons, corrugated boxes, inserts, circulars, and other packaging materials having applied graphics on a flat substrate.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Standards Content (Sample)
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Designation:D5264–98(Reapproved2004)
Standard Practice for
Abrasion Resistance of Printed Materials by the Sutherland
Rub Tester
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5264; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.2.1 abrasion resistance—ability of a printed surface to
resist mechanical destruction.
1.1 This practice covers a procedure for determining the
3.2.2 abrasiveness—the degree to which another material
abrasion resistance of printed materials using the Sutherland
can abrade the surface of the test specimen.
Rub Tester, or its equivalent, equipped with full-width rubber
3.2.3 receptor—film or paper of a specified abrasiveness
pads and using standardized receptors.
onto which coatings (for example, ink or protective coating)
1.2 This practice is applicable to labels, folding cartons,
removed from the specimen are deposited during the abrasion
corrugated boxes, inserts, circulars, and other packaging ma-
test.
terials having applied graphics on a flat substrate.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4. Summary of Practice
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4.1 The test specimen is mounted on top of the rubber pad
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
on the Sutherland base and the receptor is cut to fit the 0.91-kg
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
(2-lb) or the 1.81-kg (4-lb) weight (depending on which one is
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
being used). The receptor is mounted to the weight. The test
2. Referenced Documents durationisdeterminedbythenumberofstrokes(astrokeisone
back-and-forth cycle) the sample is rubbed. The number of
2.1 ASTM Standards:
strokes desired is preset on the SutherlandTimer.The weight is
D996 Terminology of Packaging and Distribution Environ-
mounted on the Sutherland and the machine is turned on. The
ments
Sutherlandwillshutoffautomaticallywhenthedesirednumber
D4332 Practice for Conditioning Containers, Packages, or
of strokes is completed.
Packaging Components for Testing
4.2 The test specimen is removed from the Sutherland base
E122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate,
and examined for degree of print degradation. The receptor is
With Specified Precision, the Average for a Characteristic
analyzed for the amount of ink transferred from the specimen.
of a Lot or Process
Results are compared to an agreed upon standard sample tested
3. Terminology
in the identical fashion.
3.1 General definitions for packaging and distribution are
5. Significance and Use
found in Terminology D996.
5.1 Abrasion resistance is a desirable and sometimes critical
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
property of printed materials. Abrasion damage can occur
during shipment, storage, handling, and end use. The result is
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D10 on Packaging
a significant decrease in product appearance and legibility of
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D10 on Tape and Labels.
product information. The amount of abrasion damage to a
Current edition approved July 10, 1998. Published January 1999. Originally
printed substrate is dependent on shipping conditions, possibly
published as D5264–92. Last previous edition D5264–92. DOI: 10.1520/D5264-
98R04.
temperatureandhumidity,time,andmanyothervariables.This
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
practice provides a way of comparing abrasion resistance of
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
printed materials under laboratory conditions.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D5264–98 (2004)
using the scoring block that comes with the Sutherland Rub
Tester.Ifnotavailable,thereceptorcanbecutto51by102mm
(2 by 4 in.) and fastened with pressure-sensitive tape outside
the test area. An appropriate receptor from the following list
should be selected in accordance with 8.2:
7.1.1 Unprinted Sheet of Substrate,
7.1.2 Printed Sheet Identical to Substrate (face-to-face),
7.1.3 Pressure-sensitivetapeoranytapesuitableforholding
the sample without interfering with the operation of the tester.
8. Preparation of Apparatus
8.1 Set the Sutherland Rub Tester on a sturdy bench,
preferablyinaroomconditionedat23 61°C(73.4 62°F)and
50 6 2 % relative humidity, as described in Practice D4332.
8.2 If test criteria have not been specified, select an appro-
priate receptor by running an agreed-upon reference material
for the number of strokes required to achieve a visible level of
degradation.
NOTE 1—An excessively high number of strokes should be avoided
because this condition can generate heat which may alter the results.
9. Specimen Preparation and Conditioning
9.1 The specimen should preferably be a flat sample with no
scoring, ridges, or other surface irregularities
...
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