ASTM D5264-98(2011)
(Test Method)Standard Practice for Abrasion Resistance of Printed Materials by the Sutherland Rub Tester
Standard Practice for Abrasion Resistance of Printed Materials by the Sutherland Rub Tester
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Abrasion resistance is a desirable and sometimes critical property of printed materials. Abrasion damage can occur during shipment, storage, handling, and end use. The result is a significant decrease in product appearance and legibility of product information. The amount of abrasion damage to a printed substrate is dependent on shipping conditions, possibly temperature and humidity, time, and many other variables. This practice provides a way of comparing abrasion resistance of printed materials under laboratory conditions.
This practice also can be used to evaluate the relative abrasion resistance of printed inks, coatings, laminates, and substrates.
This practice can be modified to measure the effects of the product (detergent powder, food, beverages, etc.) on abrasion resistance, as may occur in spillage or leakage in transit.
This practice can provide a reasonably simple procedure that can be used by both the buyer and the seller of printed materials to determine if the product offered for sale meets some predetermined standard for abrasion or scuff resistance.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers a procedure for determining the abrasion resistance of printed materials using the Sutherland Rub Tester, or its equivalent, equipped with full-width rubber pads and using standardized receptors.
1.2 This practice is applicable to labels, folding cartons, corrugated boxes, inserts, circulars, and other packaging materials having applied graphics on a flat substrate.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation: D5264 − 98 (Reapproved 2011)
Standard Practice for
Abrasion Resistance of Printed Materials by the Sutherland
Rub Tester
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5264; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.2.3 receptor—film or paper of a specified abrasiveness
onto which coatings (for example, ink or protective coating)
1.1 This practice covers a procedure for determining the
removed from the specimen are deposited during the abrasion
abrasion resistance of printed materials using the Sutherland
test.
Rub Tester, or its equivalent, equipped with full-width rubber
pads and using standardized receptors.
4. Summary of Practice
1.2 This practice is applicable to labels, folding cartons,
4.1 The test specimen is mounted on top of the rubber pad
corrugated boxes, inserts, circulars, and other packaging ma-
on the Sutherland base and the receptor is cut to fit the 0.91-kg
terials having applied graphics on a flat substrate.
(2-lb) or the 1.81-kg (4-lb) weight (depending on which one is
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
being used). The receptor is mounted to the weight. The test
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
durationisdeterminedbythenumberofstrokes(astrokeisone
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
back-and-forth cycle) the sample is rubbed. The number of
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
strokes desired is preset on the SutherlandTimer.The weight is
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
mounted on the Sutherland and the machine is turned on. The
Sutherlandwillshutoffautomaticallywhenthedesirednumber
2. Referenced Documents
of strokes is completed.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4.2 The test specimen is removed from the Sutherland base
D996 Terminology of Packaging and Distribution Environ-
and examined for degree of print degradation. The receptor is
ments
analyzed for the amount of ink transferred from the specimen.
D4332 Practice for Conditioning Containers, Packages, or
Results are compared to an agreed upon standard sample tested
Packaging Components for Testing
in the identical fashion.
E122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate,With
Specified Precision, the Average for a Characteristic of a
5. Significance and Use
Lot or Process
5.1 Abrasion resistance is a desirable and sometimes critical
3. Terminology property of printed materials. Abrasion damage can occur
during shipment, storage, handling, and end use. The result is
3.1 General definitions for packaging and distribution are
a significant decrease in product appearance and legibility of
found in Terminology D996.
product information. The amount of abrasion damage to a
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
printed substrate is dependent on shipping conditions, possibly
3.2.1 abrasion resistance—ability of a printed surface to
temperatureandhumidity,time,andmanyothervariables.This
resist mechanical destruction.
practice provides a way of comparing abrasion resistance of
3.2.2 abrasiveness—the degree to which another material printed materials under laboratory conditions.
can abrade the surface of the test specimen.
5.2 This practice also can be used to evaluate the relative
abrasion resistance of printed inks, coatings, laminates, and
substrates.
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D10 on Packaging
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D10.14 on Tape and Labels.
5.3 This practice can be modified to measure the effects of
Current edition approved April 1, 2011. Published April 2011. Originally
the product (detergent powder, food, beverages, etc.) on
approved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D5264–98 (2004).
abrasion resistance, as may occur in spillage or leakage in
DOI: 10.1520/D5264-98R11.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or transit.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
5.4 This practice can provide a reasonably simple procedure
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. that can be used by both the buyer and the seller of printed
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D5264 − 98 (Reapproved 2011)
materials to determine if the product offered for sale meets 8. Preparation of Apparatus
some predetermined standard for abrasion or scuff resistance.
8.1 Set the Sutherland Rub Tester on a sturdy bench,
preferablyinaroomconditionedat23 61°C(73.4 62°F)and
6. Apparatus
50 6 2 % relative humidity, as described in Practice D4332.
6.1 Sutherland Rub Tester, or its equivalent. See Fig. 1 for
8.2 If test criteria have not been specified, select an appro-
a photograph of the Sutherland Tester and its attachments.
priate receptor by running an agreed-upon reference material
for the number of strokes required to achieve a visible level of
7. Materials
degradation.
7.1 Standard receptors cut to fit the Sutherland Recept
...
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