ASTM B614-10
(Practice)Standard Practice for Descaling and Cleaning Zirconium and Zirconium Alloy Surfaces
Standard Practice for Descaling and Cleaning Zirconium and Zirconium Alloy Surfaces
ABSTRACT
This practice covers a cleaning and de-scaling procedure useful to producers, users, and fabricators of zirconium and zirconium alloys for the removal of ordinary shop soils, oxides, and scales resulting from heat treatment operations and foreign substances present as surface contaminants. Grease, oil, and lubricants employed in machining, forming, and fabricating operations on zirconium and zirconium alloys should be removed by employing one of the methods or a combination of methods: alkaline or emulsion soak-type cleaners, ultrasonic cleaning, acetone, citrus based cleaners, or safety solvent immersion washing or vapor degreasing, or electrolytic alkaline cleaning system. Mechanical de-scaling methods such as sandblasting, shot blasting, and vapor blasting may be used to remove hot work scales and lubricants from zirconium surfaces if followed by thorough conditioning and cleaning. Aluminum oxide, silicon carbide, silica sand, zircon sand, and steel grit are acceptable media for mechanical de-scaling. Recommended post treatment of shot or abrasive blasted zirconium surfaces may include acid pickling to ensure complete removal of metallic iron, oxide, scale, and other surface contaminants. Visual inspection of material cleaned in accordance with this practice should show no evidence of paint, oil, grease, glass, graphite, lubricant, scale, abrasive, iron, or other forms of contamination.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers a cleaning and descaling procedure useful to producers, users, and fabricators of zirconium and zirconium alloys for the removal of ordinary shop soils, oxides, and scales resulting from heat treatment operations and foreign substances present as surface contaminants.
1.2 It is not intended that these procedures become mandatory for removal of any of the indicated soils but rather serve as a guide when zirconium and zirconium alloys are being processed in the wrought, cast, or fabricated form.
1.3 It is the intent that these soils be removed prior to chemical milling, joining, plating, welding, fabrication, and in any situation where foreign substances interfere with the corrosion resistance, stability, and quality of the finished product.
1.4 Unless a single unit is used, for example, solution concentrations in g/l, the values stated in either inch-pound or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. SI values cannot be mixed with inch-pound values.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Sections 2 and 6.
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Designation: B614 − 10
StandardPractice for
Descaling and Cleaning Zirconium and Zirconium Alloy
1
Surfaces
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B614; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope acetone, citrus based cleaners, or safety solvent immersion
washing or vapor degreasing, or (4) electrolytic alkaline
1.1 This practice covers a cleaning and descaling procedure
cleaning system. In the electrolytic system, the work can be
useful to producers, users, and fabricators of zirconium and
either anodic or cathodic polarity provided voltage and current
zirconiumalloysfortheremovalofordinaryshopsoils,oxides,
density are controlled to avoid anodizing. Removal of these
and scales resulting from heat treatment operations and foreign
soils is recommended prior to heat treatment or application of
substances present as surface contaminants.
acid treatment designated in Section 4. When electrolytic
1.2 It is not intended that these procedures become manda-
systems are employed, the voltage should be controlled to
tory for removal of any of the indicated soils but rather serve
prevent the occurrence of spark discharge and subsequent
as a guide when zirconium and zirconium alloys are being
pitting. The use of trichloroethylene is not prohibited and can
processed in the wrought, cast, or fabricated form.
be used; however its use is hazardous enough to preclude it as
a recommended solvent in this standard. Care must be exer-
1.3 It is the intent that these soils be removed prior to
chemical milling, joining, plating, welding, fabrication, and in cised when using chemical solvents. There are hazards associ-
ated with their use, such as flammability, carcinogenicity, and
any situation where foreign substances interfere with the
corrosion resistance, stability, and quality of the finished ozone depletion (see 6.1.)
product.
3. Blast Cleaning
1.4 Unless a single unit is used, for example, solution
concentrations in g/l, the values stated in either inch-pound or 3.1 Mechanical descaling methods such as sandblasting,
SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values shot blasting, and vapor blasting may be used to remove hot
stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each work scales and lubricants from zirconium surfaces if followed
system must be used independently of the other. SI values by thorough conditioning and cleaning as described in Section
cannot be mixed with inch-pound values.
4.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.2 Aluminum oxide, silicon carbide, silica sand, zircon
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
sand, and steel grit are acceptable media for mechanical
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
descaling.Periodicreplacementofusedmediamayberequired
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
to avoid excessive working of the metal surface by dull
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard
particulate.
statements, see Sections 2 and 6.
3.3 Roughening of exposed surface areas may occur from
grit or shot if cleaning of the entire surface is accomplished by
2. Processing Soil Removal
blasting. Partial cleaning for preserving the surface finish is to
2.1 Grease, oil, and lubricants employed in machining,
be preferred in conjunction with proper pickling procedures.
forming, and fabricating operations on zirconium and zirco-
3.4 Any abrasive or shot blast cleaning may induce residual
nium alloys should be removed by employing one of the
compressivestressesinthesurfaceofthematerialorzirconium
methods or a combination of methods as listed: (1) alkaline or
structure. Warpage may occur in sections that are subsequently
emulsion soak-type cleaners, (2) ultrasonic cleaning, (3)
chemical milled or contour machined.
3.5 In most cases, blast cleaning is not intended to eliminate
1
pickling procedures completely. However, there are cases
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B10 on Reactive
and Refractory Metals and Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
whereblastcleaningdoesnotneedtobefollowedbyapickling
B10.02 on Zirconium and Hafnium.
operation. Abrasives may not remove surface layers contami-
Current edition approved May 1, 2010. Published May 2010. Originally
nated with interstitial elements such as carbon, oxygen,
approved in 1977. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as B614 – 05. DOI:
10.1520/B0614-10. hydrogen, and nitrogen. When these elements are present in
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This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:B614–05 Designation:B614–10
Standard Practice for
Descaling and Cleaning Zirconium and Zirconium Alloy
1
Surfaces
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B614; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice covers a cleaning and descaling procedure useful to producers, users, and fabricators of zirconium and
zirconium alloys for the removal of ordinary shop soils, oxides, and scales resulting from heat treatment operations and foreign
substances present as surface contaminants.
1.2 It is not intended that these procedures become mandatory for removal of any of the indicated soils but rather serve as a
guide when zirconium and zirconium alloys are being processed in the wrought, cast, or fabricated form.
1.3 It is the intent that these soils be removed prior to chemical milling, joining, plating, welding, fabrication, and in any
situation where foreign substances interfere with the corrosion resistance, stability, and quality of the finished product.
1.4 Unless a single unit is used, for example, solution concentrations in g/l, the values stated in either inch-pound or SI units
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must
be used independently of the other. SI values cannot be mixed with inch-pound values.The temperatures in Notes 1 and 2 are exact
equivalents because they reflect data obtained from a specific temperature.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Sections 2 and 6.
2. Processing Soil Removal
2.1 Grease, oil, and lubricants employed in machining, forming, and fabricating operations on zirconium and zirconium alloys
should be removed by employing one of the methods or a combination of methods as listed: (1) alkaline or emulsion soak-type
cleaners, (2) ultrasonic cleaning, (3) acetone, citrus based cleaners, or safety solvent immersion washing or vapor degreasing, or
(4) electrolytic alkaline cleaning system. In the electrolytic system, the work can be either anodic or cathodic polarity provided
voltage and current density are controlled to avoid anodizing. Removal of these soils is recommended prior to heat treatment or
application of acid treatment designated in Section 4. When electrolytic systems are employed, the voltage should be controlled
to prevent the occurrence of spark discharge and subsequent pitting.The use of trichloroethylene is not prohibited and can be used;
however its use is hazardous enough to preclude it as a recommended solvent in this standard. Care must be exercised when using
chemicalsolvents.Therearehazardsassociatedwiththeiruse,suchasflammability,carcinogenicity,andozonedepletion(see6.1.)
3. Blast Cleaning
3.1 Mechanical descaling methods such as sandblasting, shot blasting, and vapor blasting may be used to remove hot work
scales and lubricants from zirconium surfaces if followed by thorough conditioning and cleaning as described in Section 4.
3.2 Aluminum oxide, silicon carbide, silica sand, zircon sand, and steel grit are acceptable media for mechanical descaling.
Periodic replacement of used media may be required to avoid excessive working of the metal surface by dull particulate.
3.3 Roughening of exposed surface areas may occur from grit or shot if cleaning of the entire surface is accomplished by
blasting. Partial cleaning for preserving the surface finish is to be preferred in conjunction with proper pickling procedures.
3.4 Any abrasive or shot blast cleaning may induce residual compressive stresses in the surface of the material or zirconium
structure. Warpage may occur in sections that are subsequently chemical milled or contour machined.
3.5 In most cases, blast cleaning is not intended to eliminate pickling procedures completely. However, there are cases where
blast cleaning does not need to be followed by a pickling operation. Abrasives may not remove surface layers contaminated with
interstitial elements such as carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen. When these ele
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