iTeh StandardsiTeh Standards
EURUSD
Your shopping cart is empty.
ASTM

ASTM A664-06e1

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Identification of Standard Electrical Steel Grades in ASTM Specifications

Standard Practice for Identification of Standard Electrical Steel Grades in ASTM Specifications

ABSTRACT
This practice explains the procedure for identifying standard grades and types of flat-rolled electrical steels in ASTM electrical steel specifications. This practice applies to flat-rolled magnetically soft irons and steel such as low-carbon steels and alloys of iron with silicon, aluminum, and so forth produced to a specified thickness and maximum value of core loss. These designations are intended to replace the old AISI M designations which are no longer supported. The practice also has a cross-reference between thickness and electrical sheet gage number.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the procedure for designating (within ASTM specifications) standard grades of flat-rolled electrical steels made to specified maximum values of core loss. This practice applies to magnetically soft irons and steel (low-carbon steels and alloys of iron with silicon, aluminum, and so forth) where a core loss measurement at a stated peak value of alternating induction and a stated frequency, such as 15 kG (1.5 T) and 60 Hz, is normally used to grade the material. This practice also applies when some other property is specified (or a different induction or frequency, or both) as the limiting characteristic, provided the material also meets all the requirements of the ASTM specification.
1.2 Individual specifications that are in conformity with this practice are Specifications A 677, A 683, A 726, A 840/A 840M, and A 876.
1.3 The values stated in customary (cgs-emu and inch-pound) units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Apr-2006
ICS
77.080.20 - Steels
Technical Committee
A06 - Magnetic Properties
Drafting Committee
A06.02 - Material Specifications
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM A664-06 - Standard Practice for Identification of Standard Electrical Steel Grades in ASTM Specifications
Effective Date
01-May-2006
Replaced By
ASTM A664-11 - Standard Practice for Identification of Standard Electrical Steel Grades in ASTM Specifications
Effective Date
01-Oct-2011
Referred By
ASTM A1086-20 - Standard Specification for Thin-Gauge Nonoriented Electrical Steel Fully Processed Types
Effective Date
01-May-2006
Referred By
ASTM A726-18 - Standard Specification for Cold-Rolled Magnetic Lamination Quality Steel, Semiprocessed Types
Effective Date
01-May-2006
Referred By
ASTM A345-19 - Standard Specification for Flat-Rolled Electrical Steels for Magnetic Applications
Effective Date
01-May-2006
Referred By
ASTM A683-16 - Standard Specification for Nonoriented Electrical Steel, Semiprocessed Types
Effective Date
01-May-2006
Referred By
ASTM A876-17e1 - Standard Specification for Flat-Rolled, Grain-Oriented, Silicon-Iron, Electrical Steel, Fully Processed Types
Effective Date
01-May-2006
Referred By
ASTM A677-16 - Standard Specification for Nonoriented Electrical Steel Fully Processed Types
Effective Date
01-May-2006

Buy Standard

ASTM A664-06e1 - Standard Practice for Identification of Standard Electrical Steel Grades in ASTM SpecificationsASTM A664-06e1 - Standard Practice for Identification of Standard Electrical Steel Grades in ASTM Specifications
PreviousNext
Standard
ASTM A664-06e1 - Standard Practice for Identification of Standard Electrical Steel Grades in ASTM Specifications
English language
3 pages
sale 15% off
Preview
sale 15% off
Preview

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
´1
Designation: A664 – 06
Standard Practice for
Identification of Standard Electrical Steel Grades in ASTM
1
Specifications
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A664; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
´ NOTE—The values statement (1.3) was corrected editorially in September 2006.
1. Scope A340 Terminology of Symbols and Definitions Relating to
Magnetic Testing
1.1 This practice covers the procedure for designating
A677 Specification for Nonoriented Electrical Steel Fully
(within ASTM specifications) standard grades of flat-rolled
Processed Types
electrical steels made to specified maximum values of core
A683 Specification for Nonoriented Electrical Steel, Semi-
loss. This practice applies to magnetically soft irons and steel
processed Types
(low-carbon steels and alloys of iron with silicon, aluminum,
A726 Specification for Cold-Rolled Magnetic Lamination
and so forth) where a core loss measurement at a stated peak
Quality Steel, Semiprocessed Types
value of alternating induction and a stated frequency, such as
A840/A840M Specification for Fully Processed Magnetic
15 kG (1.5 T) and 60 Hz, is normally used to grade the
Lamination Steel
material. This practice also applies when some other property
A876 Specification for Flat-Rolled, Grain-Oriented,
is specified (or a different induction or frequency, or both) as
Silicon-Iron, Electrical Steel, Fully Processed Types
the limiting characteristic, provided the material also meets all
A976 Classification of Insulating Coatings for Electrical
the requirements of the ASTM specification.
Steels by Composition, Relative Insulating Ability and
1.2 Individual specifications that are in conformity with this
Application
practice are Specifications A677, A683, A726, A840/A840M,
and A876.
3. Terminology
1.3 The values stated in customary (cgs-emu and inch-
3.1 The terms and symbols used in this practice are defined
pound) units are to be regarded as standard. The values given
in Terminology A340.
in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units which
are provided for information only and are not considered
4. Procedure
standard.
4.1 General Requirements of the Core-Loss-Type
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Designations—The core-loss-type designations to be used for
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
ordering purposes and for identification of the shipped material
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
in ASTM specifications for electrical steels shall be a six-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
character identification (for example, 36F145) comprised of
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
the following basic elements:
2. Referenced Documents 4.1.1 First Two Digits—The first two digits of the grade
2 designation shall represent the nominal decimal thickness of
2.1 ASTM Standards:
the material in millimetres. For instance, the number 36
represents a thickness of 0.36 mm or 0.014 in. Refer to
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A06 on Magnetic
Appendix X1 for the relationship between Electrical Sheet
Properties and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A06.02 on Material
Gauge Number and thickness.
Specifications.
4.1.2 Code Letters—A code letter shall designate the gen-
Current edition approved May 1, 2006. Published May 2006. Originally
approved in 1972. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as A664 – 99. DOI: eral category of magnetic material and the standard sampling
10.1520/A0664-06E01.
and testing practices that apply. The precise conditions of
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
sampling and testing are given in the ASTM specification
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
covering each class of material. The code letter to be used and
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
´1
A664 – 06
TABLE 1 Code Letters and Sampling and Testing Conditions
Code Letter ASTM Specification Class of Material and Core-Loss Testing Conditions
C A840/A840M Magnetic lamination steel, fully processed, with core-loss value determined at
A
15 kG (1.5 T) and 60 Hz on as-sheared Epstein specimens.
D A726 Magnetic lamination steel, semiprocessed, with core-loss value determined at
A
15 kG (1.5 T) and 60 Hz on Epstein specimens a
...

Questions, Comments and Discussion

Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.

This May Also Interest You

ASTM
ASTM A664-15(2022)(Practice)
Standard Practice for Identification of Standard Electrical Steel Grades in ASTM Specifications

ABSTRACT
This practice explains the procedure for identifying standard grades and types of flat-rolled electrical steels in ASTM electrical steel specifications. This practice applies to flat-rolled magnetically soft irons and steel such as low-carbon steels and alloys of iron with silicon, aluminum, and so forth produced to a specified thickness and maximum value of core loss. These designations are intended to replace the old AISI M designations which are no longer supported. The practice also has a cross-reference between thickness and electrical sheet gage number.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the procedure for designating (within ASTM specifications) standard grades of flat-rolled electrical steels made to specified maximum values of specific core loss. This practice applies to magnetically soft irons and steel (low-carbon steels and alloys of iron with silicon, aluminum, and other alloying elements) where a core loss measurement at a stated peak value of alternating induction and a stated frequency, such as 1.5 T (15 kG) and 60 Hz, is normally used to grade the material. This practice also applies when some other property is specified (or a different induction or frequency, or both) as the limiting characteristic, provided the material also meets all the requirements of the ASTM specification.  
1.2 Individual specifications that are in conformity with this practice are Specifications A677, A683, A726, A876, and A1086.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to customary (cgs-emu and inch-pound) units which are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    4 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM A193/A193M-23(Specification)
Standard Specification for Alloy-Steel and Stainless Steel Bolting for High Temperature or High Pressure Service and Other Special Purpose Applications

ABSTRACT
This specification covers alloy steel and stainless steel bolting material for pressure vessels, valves, flanges, and fittings for high temperature or high pressure service, or other special purpose applications. Ferritic steels shall be properly heat treated as best suits the high temperature characteristics of each grade. Immediately after rolling or forging, the bolting material shall be allowed to cool to a temperature below the cooling transformation range. The chemical composition requirements for each alloy are presented in details. The steel shall not contain an unspecified element for ordered grade to the extent that the steel conforms to the requirements of another grade for which that element is a specified element. The tensile property and hardness property requirements are discussed, the tensile property requirement is highlighted by a full size fasteners, wedge tensile testing.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification2 covers alloy and stainless steel bolting materials and bolting components for pressure vessels, valves, flanges, and fittings for high temperature or high pressure service, or other special purpose applications. See Specification A962/A962M for the definition of bolting. Bars and wire shall be hot-wrought and may be further processed by centerless grinding or by cold drawing. Austenitic stainless steel may be carbide solution treated or carbide solution treated and strain-hardened. When strain hardened austenitic stainless steel is ordered, the purchaser should take special care to ensure that Appendix X1 is thoroughly understood.  
1.2 Several grades are covered, including ferritic steels and austenitic stainless steels designated B5, B8, and so forth. Selection will depend upon design, service conditions, mechanical properties, and high temperature characteristics.  
1.3 The following referenced general requirements are indispensable for application of this specification: Specification A962/A962M.
Note 1: The committee formulating this specification has included several steel types that have been rather extensively used for the present purpose. Other compositions will be considered for inclusion by the committee from time to time as the need becomes apparent.
Note 2: For grades of alloy-steel bolting suitable for use at the lower range of high temperature applications, reference should be made to Specification A354.
Note 3: For grades of alloy-steel bolting suitable for use in low temperature applications, reference should be made to Specification A320/A320M.  
1.4 Nuts for use with bolting are covered in Section 13.  
1.5 Supplementary Requirements are provided for use at the option of the purchaser. The supplementary requirements shall apply only when specified in the purchase order or contract.  
1.6 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units and in SI units; however, unless the purchase order or contract specifies the applicable M specification designation (SI units), the inch-pound units shall apply.  
1.7 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Technical specification
    14 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Technical specification
    14 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM E693-23(Practice)
Standard Practice for Characterizing Neutron Exposures in Iron and Low Alloy Steels in Terms of Displacements Per Atom (DPA)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 A pressure vessel surveillance program requires a methodology for relating radiation-induced changes in materials exposed in accelerated surveillance locations to the condition of the pressure vessel (see Practice E853). An important consideration is that the irradiation exposures be expressed in a unit that is physically related to the damage mechanisms.  
4.2 A major source of neutron radiation damage in metals is the displacement of atoms from their normal lattice sites. Hence, an appropriate damage exposure index is the number of times, on the average, that an atom has been displaced during an irradiation. This can be expressed as the total number of displaced atoms per unit volume, per unit mass, or per atom of the material. Displacements per atom is the most common way of expressing this quantity. The number of dpa associated with a particular irradiation depends on the amount of energy deposited in the material by the neutrons, and hence, depends on the neutron spectrum. (For a more extended discussion, see Practice E521.)  
4.3 No simple correspondence exists in general between dpa and a particular change in a material property. A reasonable starting point, however, for relative correlations of property changes produced in different neutron spectra is the dpa value associated with each environment. That is, the dpa values themselves provide a spectrum-sensitive index that may be a useful correlation parameter, or some function of the dpa values may affect correlation.  
4.4 Since dpa is a construct that depends on a model of the neutron interaction processes in the material lattice, as well as the cross section (probability) for each of these processes, the value of dpa would be different if improved models or cross sections are used. The calculated displacement cross section for ferritic iron, as given in this practice, is determined by the procedure given in 6.3. The currently recommended iron displacement cross section in this practice (Table 1) wa...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes a standard procedure for characterizing neutron irradiations of iron (and low alloy steels) in terms of the exposure index displacements per atom (dpa) for iron.  
1.2 Although the methods of this practice apply to any material for which a displacement cross section σd(E) is known (see Practice E521), this practice is written specifically for iron.  
1.3 It is assumed that the displacement cross section for iron is an adequate approximation for calculating displacements in steels that are mostly iron (95 to 100 %) in radiation fields for which secondary damage processes are not important.  
1.4 Procedures analogous to this one can be formulated for calculating dpa in charged particle irradiations. (See Practice E521.)  
1.5 The application of this practice requires knowledge of the total neutron fluence and flux spectrum. Refer to Practice E521 for determining these quantities.  
1.6 The correlation of radiation effects data is beyond the scope of this practice.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    8 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    8 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM A320/A320M-22a(Specification)
Standard Specification for Alloy-Steel and Stainless Steel Bolting for Low-Temperature Service

ABSTRACT
This specification covers alloy steel bolting materials for pressure vessels, valves, flanges, and fittings for low-temperature service. Each alloy shall conform to the prescribed chemical composition requirements. The material, as represented by the tension specimens, shall conform to the requirements as to tensile properties such as tensile strength, yield strength, elongation, and hardness. The material shall meet the prescribed impact energy absorption requirements and the recommended test temperature. Mechanical tests shall be conducted on the material, namely: impact testing, tension testing, and hardness testing.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification2 covers alloy and stainless steel bolting materials and bolting components for pressure vessels, valves, flanges, and fittings for low-temperature service. See Specification A962/A962M for the definition of bolting. The bars shall be hot-wrought and may be further processed by centerless grinding or by cold drawing. Austenitic stainless steel may be solution annealed or annealed and strain-hardened. When strain hardened austenitic stainless steel is ordered, the purchaser should take special care to ensure that Appendix X1 is thoroughly understood.  
1.2 Several grades are covered, including both ferritic and austenitic steels designated L7, B8, etc. Selection will depend on design, service conditions, mechanical properties, and low-temperature characteristics. The mechanical requirements of Table 1 indicate the diameters for which the minimum mechanical properties apply to the various grades and classes, and Table 2 stipulates the requirements for Charpy impact energy absorption. The manufacturer should determine that the material can conform to these requirements before parts are manufactured. For example, when Grade L43 is specified to meet the Table 2 impact energy values at −150 °F [−101 °C], additional restrictions (such as procuring a steel with lower P and S contents than might normally be supplied) in the chemical composition for AISI 4340 are likely to be required.  
Note 1: The committee formulating this specification has included several grades of material that have been rather extensively used for the present purpose. Other compositions will be considered for inclusion by the committee from time to time as the need becomes apparent. Users should note that hardenability of some of the grades mentioned may restrict the maximum size at which the required mechanical properties are obtainable.    
1.3 The following referenced general requirements are indispensable for application of this specification: Specification A962/A962M.  
1.4 Nuts for use with bolting are covered in Section 10 and the nut material shall be impact tested.  
1.5 Supplementary Requirements are provided for use at the option of the purchaser. The supplementary requirements shall apply only when specified in the purchase order or contract.  
1.6 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units and SI units; however, unless the purchase order or contract specifies the applicable M specification designation (SI) units, the inch-pound units shall apply.  
1.7 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Technical specification
    8 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Technical specification
    8 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM E975-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for X-Ray Determination of Retained Austenite in Steel with Near Random Crystallographic Orientation

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
2.1 Significance—Retained austenite with a near random crystallographic orientation is found in the microstructure of heat-treated low-alloy, high-strength steels that have medium (0.40 weight %) or higher carbon contents. Although the presence of retained austenite may not be evident in the microstructure, and may not affect the bulk mechanical properties such as hardness of the steel, the transformation of retained austenite to martensite during service can affect the performance of the steel.  
2.2 Use—The measurement of retained austenite can be included in low-alloy steel development programs to determine its effect on mechanical properties. Retained austenite can be measured on a companion specimen or test section that is included in a heat-treated lot of steel as part of a quality control practice. The measurement of retained austenite in steels from service can be included in studies of material performance.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of retained austenite phase in steel using integrated intensities (area under peak above background) of X-ray diffraction peaks using chromium  Kα  or molybdenum Kα  X-radiation.  
1.2 The method applies to carbon and alloy steels with near random crystallographic orientations of both ferrite and austenite phases.  
1.3 This test method is valid for retained austenite contents from 1 % by volume and above.  
1.4 If possible, X-ray diffraction peak interference from other crystalline phases such as carbides should be eliminated from the ferrite and austenite peak intensities.  
1.5 Substantial alloy contents in steel cause some change in peak intensities which have not been considered in this method. Application of this method to steels with total alloy contents exceeding 15 weight % should be done with care. If necessary, the users can calculate the theoretical correction factors to account for changes in volume of the unit cells for austenite and ferrite resulting from variations in chemical composition.  
1.6 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    7 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM A664-15(2022)(Practice)
Standard Practice for Identification of Standard Electrical Steel Grades in ASTM Specifications

ABSTRACT
This practice explains the procedure for identifying standard grades and types of flat-rolled electrical steels in ASTM electrical steel specifications. This practice applies to flat-rolled magnetically soft irons and steel such as low-carbon steels and alloys of iron with silicon, aluminum, and so forth produced to a specified thickness and maximum value of core loss. These designations are intended to replace the old AISI M designations which are no longer supported. The practice also has a cross-reference between thickness and electrical sheet gage number.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the procedure for designating (within ASTM specifications) standard grades of flat-rolled electrical steels made to specified maximum values of specific core loss. This practice applies to magnetically soft irons and steel (low-carbon steels and alloys of iron with silicon, aluminum, and other alloying elements) where a core loss measurement at a stated peak value of alternating induction and a stated frequency, such as 1.5 T (15 kG) and 60 Hz, is normally used to grade the material. This practice also applies when some other property is specified (or a different induction or frequency, or both) as the limiting characteristic, provided the material also meets all the requirements of the ASTM specification.  
1.2 Individual specifications that are in conformity with this practice are Specifications A677, A683, A726, A876, and A1086.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to customary (cgs-emu and inch-pound) units which are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    4 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM E415-21(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Analysis of Carbon and Low-Alloy Steel by Spark Atomic Emission Spectrometry

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method for the spectrometric analysis of metals and alloys is primarily intended to test such materials for compliance with compositional specifications. It is assumed that all who use this test method will be analysts capable of performing common laboratory procedures skillfully and safely. It is expected that work will be performed in a properly equipped laboratory.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the simultaneous determination of 21 alloying and residual elements in carbon and low-alloy steels by spark atomic emission vacuum spectrometry in the mass fraction ranges shown Note 1.
Element  
Composition Range, %  
Applicable Range,
Mass Fraction %A  
Quantitative Range,
Mass Fraction %B  
Aluminum  
0 to 0.093  
0.006 to 0.093  
Antimony  
0 to 0.027  
0.006 to 0.027  
Arsenic  
0 to 0.1  
0.003 to 0.1  
Boron  
0 to 0.007  
0.0004 to 0.007  
Calcium  
0 to 0.003  
0.002 to 0.003  
Carbon  
0 to 1.1  
0.02 to 1.1  
Chromium  
0 to 8.2  
0.007 to 8.14  
Cobalt  
0 to 0.20  
0.006 to 0.20  
Copper  
0 to 0.5  
0.006 to 0.5  
LeadC  
0 to 0.2  
0.002 to 0.2    
Manganese  
0 to 2.0  
0.03 to 2.0  
Molybdenum  
0 to 1.3  
0.007 to 1.3  
Nickel  
0 to 5.0  
0.006 to 5.0  
Niobium  
0 to 0.12  
0.003 to 0.12  
Nitrogen  
0 to 0.015  
0.01 to 0.055  
Phosphorous  
0 to 0.085  
0.006 to 0.085  
Silicon  
0 to 1.54  
0.02 to 1.54  
Sulfur  
0 to 0.055  
0.001 to 0.055  
Tin  
0 to 0.061  
0.005 to 0.061    
Titanium  
0 to 0.2  
0.001 to 0.2    
Vanadium  
0 to 0.3  
0.003 to 0.3    
Zirconium  
0 to 0.05  
0.01 to 0.05
Note 1: The mass fraction ranges of the elements listed have been established through cooperative testing2 of reference materials.  
1.2 This test method covers analysis of specimens having a diameter adequate to overlap and seal the bore of the spark stand opening. The specimen thickness can vary significantly according to the design of the spectrometer stand, but a thickness between 10 mm and 38 mm has been found to be most practical.  
1.3 This test method covers the routine control analysis in iron and steelmaking operations and the analysis of processed material. It is designed for chill-cast, rolled, and forged specimens. Better performance is expected when reference materials and specimens are of similar metallurgical condition and composition. However, it is not required for all applications of this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    12 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    12 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM A1082/A1082M-16(2021)(Specification)
Standard Specification for High Strength Precipitation Hardening and Duplex Stainless Steel Bolting for Special Purpose Applications

ABSTRACT
This specification covers high strength stainless steel bolting for special purpose applications such as pressure vessels. Several grades of precipitation-hardened and duplex (ferritic-austenitic) stainless steels are covered. Selection will depend upon design, service conditions, mechanical properties and characteristics related to the application. Bolting supplied to this specification shall conform to the requirements of Specification A962/A962M. These requirements include test methods, finish, thread dimensions, marking, terminology, testing, certification, optional supplementary requirements, and others. Bars shall be produced in accordance with Specifications A276/A276M, A479/A479M or A564/A564M as applicable while the fasteners shall be produced in accordance with this specification and the requirements of A962/A962M.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers high strength stainless steel bolting materials and bolting components for special purpose applications such as pressure vessels. Several grades of precipitation-hardened and duplex (ferritic-austenitic) stainless steels are covered. Selection will depend upon design, service conditions, mechanical properties and characteristics related to the application.  
1.2 The following referenced general requirements are indispensable for application of this specification: Specification A962/A962M.  
1.3 Supplementary Requirements are provided for use at the option of the purchaser. The Supplementary Requirements shall only apply when specified individually by the purchaser in the purchase order or contract.  
1.4 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units and in SI units; however, unless the purchase order or contract specifies the applicable “M” specification designation (SI units), the inch-pound units shall apply.  
1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Technical specification
    6 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM E1077-14(2021)(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Estimating the Depth of Decarburization of Steel Specimens

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 These test methods are used to detect surface losses in carbon content due to heating at elevated temperatures, as in hot working or heat treatment.  
5.2 Results of such tests may be used to qualify material for shipment according to agreed upon guidelines between purchaser and manufacturer, for guidance as to machining allowances, or to assess the influence of processing upon decarburization tendency.  
5.3 Screening tests are simple, fast, low-cost tests designed to separate non-decarburized samples from those with appreciable decarburization. Based on the results of such tests, the other procedures may be utilized as applicable.  
5.4 Microscopical tests require a metallographically polished cross section to permit reasonably accurate determination of the depth and nature of the decarburization present. Several methods may be employed for estimation of the depth of decarburization. The statistical accuracy of each varies with the amount of effort expended.  
5.5 Microindentation hardness methods are employed on polished cross sections and are most suitable for hardened specimens with reasonably uniform microstructures. This procedure can be used to define the depth to a specific minimum hardness or the depth to a uniform hardness.  
5.6 Chemical analytical methods are limited to specimens with simple, uniform shapes and are based on analysis of incremental turnings or after milling at fixed increments.  
5.7 Microscopical tests are generally satisfactory for determining the suitability of material for intended use, specification acceptance, manufacturing control, development, or research.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for estimating the depth of decarburization of steels irrespective of the composition, matrix microstructure, or section shape. The following basic procedures may be used:  
1.1.1 Screening methods.  
1.1.2 Microscopical methods.  
1.1.3 Microindentation hardness methods.  
1.1.4 Chemical analysis methods.  
1.2 In case of a dispute, the rigorous quantitative or lineal analysis method (see 7.3.5 and 7.3.6) shall be the referee method. These methods can be employed with any cross-sectional shape. The chemical analytical methods generally reveal a greater depth of decarburization than the microscopical methods but are limited to certain simple shapes and by availability of equipment. These techniques are generally reserved for research studies. The microindentation hardness method is suitable for accurate measurements of hardened structures with relatively homogeneous microstructures.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    10 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM A255-20a(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Determining Hardenability of Steel

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This test method covers the procedure for determining the hardenability of steel by the end-quench or Jominy test. The test consists of water quenching one end of a cylindrical test specimen 1.0 in. in diameter and measuring the hardening response as a function of the distance from the quenched end.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the identification and description of test methods for determining the hardenability of steels. The two test methods include the quantitative end-quench or Jominy Test and a method for calculating the hardenability of steel from the chemical composition based on the original work by M. A. Grossman.  
1.2 The selection of the test method to be used for determining the hardenability of a given steel shall be agreed upon between the supplier and user. The Certified Material Test Report shall state the method of hardenability determination.  
1.3 The calculation method described in these test methods is applicable only to the range of chemical compositions that follow:    
Element  
Range, %  
Carbon  
0.10–0.70  
Manganese  
0.50–1.65  
Silicon  
0.15–0.60  
Nickel  
1.50 max  
Chromium  
1.35 max  
Molybdenum  
0.55 max  
Copper  
0.35 max  
Vanadium  
0.20 max  
1.4 Hardenability is a measure of the depth to which steel will harden when quenched from its austenitizing temperature (Table 1). It is measured quantitatively, usually by noting the extent or depth of hardening of a standard size and shape of test specimen in a standardized quench. In the end-quench test the depth of hardening is the distance along the specimen from the quenched end which correlates to a given hardness level.    
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    26 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    26 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off