ASTM D4105/D4105M-15e1
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for (Analytical Procedure) for Determining Transmissivity and Storage Coefficient of Nonleaky Confined Aquifers by the Modified Theis Nonequilibrium Method
Standard Test Method for (Analytical Procedure) for Determining Transmissivity and Storage Coefficient of Nonleaky Confined Aquifers by the Modified Theis Nonequilibrium Method
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Assumptions:
5.1.1 Well discharges at a constant rate, Q.
5.1.2 Well is of infinitesimal diameter and fully penetrates the aquifer, that is, the well is open to the full thickness of the aquifer.
5.1.3 The nonleaky aquifer is homogeneous, isotropic, and areally extensive. A nonleaky aquifer receives insignificant contribution of water from confining beds.
5.1.4 Discharge from the well is derived exclusively from storage in the aquifer.
5.1.5 The geometry of the assumed aquifer and well conditions are shown in Fig. 1. Sy = the specific yield.
For fully penetrating observation wells, the effects of delayed yield are negligible at the distance, r, in Eq 11 after one tenth of the time given in the Eq 12.
Note 2: The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.
Note 3: The injection of water into an aquifer may be regulated or require regulatory approvals. Withdrawal of contaminated waters may require that the removed water be properly treated prior to discharge.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers an analytical procedure for determining transmissivity and storage coefficient of a nonleaky confined aquifer under conditions of radial flow to a fully penetrating well of constant flux. This test method is a shortcut procedure used to apply the Theis nonequilibrium method. The Theis method is described in Test Method D4106.
1.2 This test method, along with others, is used in conjunction with the field procedure given in Test Method D4050.
1.3 Limitations—The limitations of this test method are primarily related to the correspondence between the field situation and the simplifying assumptions of this test method (see 5.1). Furthermore, application is valid only for values of u less than 0.01 (u is defined in Eq 2, in 8.6).
1.4 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026.
1.4.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded or calculated, in this standard are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope of this standard to consider significant digits used in analytical methods for engineering design.
1.5 Units—The values stated in either SI Units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. Reporting of test results in units other than SI shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this test method.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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´1
Designation:D4105/D4105M −15
Standard Test Method for
(Analytical Procedure) for Determining Transmissivity and
Storage Coefficient of Nonleaky Confined Aquifers by the
1
Modified Theis Nonequilibrium Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4105/D4105M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
ε NOTE—Editorially corrected designation to match the units of measurement statement in September 2015.
1. Scope* each system shall be used independently of the other. Combin-
ing values from the two systems may result in non-
1.1 This test method covers an analytical procedure for
conformance with the standard. Reporting of test results in
determining transmissivity and storage coefficient of a non-
units other than SI shall not be regarded as nonconformance
leakyconfinedaquiferunderconditionsofradialflowtoafully
with this test method.
penetratingwellofconstantflux.Thistestmethodisashortcut
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
procedureusedtoapplytheTheisnonequilibriummethod.The
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Theis method is described in Test Method D4106.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
1.2 This test method, along with others, is used in conjunc-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
tion with the field procedure given in Test Method D4050.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.3 Limitations—The limitations of this test method are
primarily related to the correspondence between the field 2. Referenced Documents
situation and the simplifying assumptions of this test method
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
(see 5.1). Furthermore, application is valid only for values of
D653Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
uless than 0.01 (uis defined in Eq 2,in 8.6).
Fluids
1.4 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the D3740Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies
guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in
Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as
Practice D6026.
Used in Engineering Design and Construction
1.4.1 Theproceduresusedtospecifyhowdataarecollected/
D4043Guide for Selection of Aquifer Test Method in
recorded or calculated, in this standard are regarded as the
Determining Hydraulic Properties by Well Techniques
industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the
D4050Test Method for (Field Procedure) for Withdrawal
significant digits that generally should be retained. The proce-
and Injection Well Testing for Determining Hydraulic
dures used do not consider material variation, purpose for
Properties of Aquifer Systems
obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any consider-
D4106Test Method for (Analytical Procedure) for Deter-
ations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to
mining Transmissivity and Storage Coefficient of Non-
increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be
leaky Confined Aquifers by the Theis Nonequilibrium
commensuratewiththeseconsiderations.Itisbeyondthescope Method
of this standard to consider significant digits used in analytical
D6026Practice for Using Significant Digits in Geotechnical
methods for engineering design. Data
1.5 Units—The values stated in either SI Units or inch-
3. Terminology
pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The
3.1 Definitions:
values in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore
3.1.1 Forcommondefinitionsoftermsinthisstandard,refer
to Terminology D653.
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD18onSoiland
Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.21 on Groundwater and
2
Vadose Zone Investigations. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved April 15, 2015. Published May 2015. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D4105–96 (2008). Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
DOI: 10.1520/D4105_D4105M-15E01. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
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D4105/D4105M−15
3.2 Symbols and Dimensions: The value of udecreases with increasing time, t, and
−1
3.2.1 K [LT ]—hydraulic conductivity. decreases as the radial distance, r, decreases. Therefore, for
large values of tand reasonably sm
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation: D4105 − 15 D4105/D4105M − 15
Standard Test Method for
(Analytical Procedure) for Determining Transmissivity and
Storage Coefficient of Nonleaky Confined Aquifers by the
1
Modified Theis Nonequilibrium Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4105;D4105/D4105M; the number immediately following the designation indicates
the year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
ε NOTE—Editorially corrected designation to match the units of measurement statement in September 2015.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers an analytical procedure for determining transmissivity and storage coefficient of a nonleaky
confined aquifer under conditions of radial flow to a fully penetrating well of constant flux. This test method is a shortcut procedure
used to apply the Theis nonequilibrium method. The Theis method is described in Test Method D4106.
1.2 This test method, along with others, is used in conjunction with the field procedure given in Test Method D4050.
1.3 Limitations—The limitations of this test method are primarily related to the correspondence between the field situation and
the simplifying assumptions of this test method (see 5.1). Furthermore, application is valid only for values of u less than 0.01 (u is
defined in Eq 2, in 8.6).
1.4 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice
D6026.
1.4.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded or calculated, in this standard are regarded as the industry
standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not
consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objectives;
and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations.
It is beyond the scope of this standard to consider significant digits used in analytical methods for engineering design.
1.5 Units—The values stated in either SI Units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values in each
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. Reporting of test results in units other than SI shall not be regarded
as nonconformance with this test method.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids
D3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as Used in
Engineering Design and Construction
D4043 Guide for Selection of Aquifer Test Method in Determining Hydraulic Properties by Well Techniques
D4050 Test Method for (Field Procedure) for Withdrawal and Injection Well Testing for Determining Hydraulic Properties of
Aquifer Systems
D4106 Test Method for (Analytical Procedure) for Determining Transmissivity and Storage Coefficient of Nonleaky Confined
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.21 on Groundwater and Vadose
Zone Investigations.
Current edition approved April 15, 2015. Published May 2015. Originally approved in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D4105 – 96 (2008). DOI:
10.1520/D4105-15.10.1520/D4105_D4105M-15E01.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
´1
D4105/D4105M − 15
Aquifers by the Theis Nonequilibrium Method
D6026 Practice for Using
...
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