ASTM D2319/D2319M-98(2013)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Softening Point of Pitch (Cube-in-Air Method)
Standard Test Method for Softening Point of Pitch (Cube-in-Air Method)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Pitch does not go through a solid-liquid phase change when heated and therefore does not have a true melting point. As the temperature is raised, pitch softens and becomes less viscous. The softening point is arbitrarily defined and must be determined by a closely controlled method that must be carefully followed if test results are to be reproducible.
4.2 This test method is useful in determining the consistency of pitch as one element in establishing the uniformity of shipments and sources of supply.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the softening point above 80°C [176°F] of pitch. Test Method D3104 gives comparable results.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D2319/D2319M − 98(Reapproved 2013)
Standard Test Method for
Softening Point of Pitch (Cube-in-Air Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2319/D2319M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope As the temperature is raised, pitch softens and becomes less
viscous. The softening point is arbitrarily defined and must be
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the soft-
determined by a closely controlled method that must be
ening point above 80°C [176°F] of pitch. Test Method D3104
carefully followed if test results are to be reproducible.
gives comparable results.
4.2 This test method is useful in determining the consis-
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
tency of pitch as one element in establishing the uniformity of
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
shipments and sources of supply.
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
5. Apparatus
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
5.1 AirOven—The oven shall be cylindrical, 150 mm [6 in.]
with the standard.
in inside diameter by 155 mm [6.2 in.] in height. It shall have
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
two 75 mm [3-in.] diameter windows of mica, centered
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
vertically on opposite sides, and shall be fitted with a cover
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
having a central opening 25 mm [1 in.] in diameter to hold a
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
thermometer,andaconcentricringsuspendedbelowtosupport
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
the hooks with attached specimens. The ring shall be made of
1 1
6mm[ ⁄4-in.] brass, shall be 54 mm [2 ⁄8 in.] in outside
2. Referenced Documents
diameter, and shall be centrally suspended 30 mm [1.2 in.]
2.1 ASTM Standards:
below the cover. The cover shall have two 3 mm [0.12-in.]
D61 Test Method for Softening Point of Pitches (Cube-in-
holes on a diagonal 50 mm [2 in.] from the center. On the
Water Method)
bottom of the oven, an inner pan 140 mm [5.6 in.] in diameter
D3104 Test Method for Softening Point of Pitches (Mettler
shall rest on three brass legs 5 mm [0.2 in.] in height fastened
Softening Point Method)
to the bottom of the pan to provide an air space between the
D4296 Practice for Sampling Pitch
pan and the bottom of the oven. The side wall, cover, and pan
E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
shall be made of 0.7 mm [0.028 in.] thick or 22-gauge (BWG)
copper sheet, and the bottom of 0.8 mm [0.032 in.] thick or
3. Summary of Test Method
21-gauge copper.
3.1 Two cubes of pitch, supported on wire hooks, are heated
5.2 Tripod for Use with Gas Burner—The tripod ring shall
in a standardized air oven at a linear rate. The softening point
be approximately 125 mm [5 in.] in inside diameter so that the
is the mean of the temperatures at which the cubes sag
oven is supported only on its outer edges. It shall be 200 mm
downwards a distance of 60 mm [2.4 in.].
[8 in.] in height.
4. Significance and Use
5.3 Shield for Oven:
4.1 Pitch does not go through a solid-liquid phase change
5.3.1 For Use with Electric Heater—The shield shall be
when heated and therefore does not have a true melting point.
cylindrical, 216 mm or [8.64 in.] in inside diameter by 181 mm
or [7 ⁄4 in.] in height. It shall have two 76 mm or [3-in.]
diameter mica windows on opposite sides, positioned to
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.05 on Properties of Fuels, Petroleum Coke and Carbon Material.
Current edition approved July 15, 2013. Published August 2013. Originally The sole source of supply of the softening point apparatus items, obtainable as
ε1
approved in 1964. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D2319 – 98 (2008) . a unit on special order, known to the committee at this time is Humboldt
DOI: 10.1520/D2319_D2319M-98R13. Manufacturing Co., 7302 W. Agatite Ave., Chicago, IL 60656. If you are aware of
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM International
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on responsible technical committee, which you may attend. All other apparatus items
the ASTM website. described may be obtained from any regular laboratory equipment supply house.
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D2319/D2319M − 98 (2013)
coincidewiththewindowsoftheovenwhenbothareplacedon 8.2 Coat the inner surfaces and core pins of the mold lightly
the electric heater. It shall be made of 0.7 mm [0.028 in.] thick with silicone oil or silicone grease. Pour molten pitch into the
or 22-gauge sheet metal, painted inside and out with aluminum cavities of the mold with the lip of the container close to the
paint. surface to minimize entrainment of air bubbles. Underpouring
past the blade of a spatula is helpful in this respect. Even small
5.3.2 For Use with Gas Burner—The shield shall be iden-
tical with that described in 5.3.1 except that it shall be 375 mm bubbles markedly effect the weight of the cube and the
[15 in.] in height and the windows shall coincide when the observed softening point. Use an excess of pitch to allow for
shield is standing on the bench and the oven on the tripod shrinkage on cooling. Cool in the mold until firm, and remove
1 1
described in 5.2. A door 115 by 115 mm [4 ⁄2 by 4 ⁄2 in]. shall the surplus by drawing the heated blade of a putty-knife or
be provided at the bottom to give access to the burner. spatula across the surface of the mold so that the cubes are
pressed into the cavities. Open the mold and remove the cubes
5.4 Mold—A mold suitable for forming two 12.7 mm
carefully. Inspect each specimen for possible cracks or bubbles
[ ⁄2-in.] cubes of pitch, having cylindrical core pins 12 gauge
and reject any which are imperfect. To reduce the risk of
[2.05 to 2.07 mm] in diameter located in the base plate of the
cracking,themoldmaybeheatedtoatemperature50°C[90°F]
assembly to produce accurately centered suspension holes in
below the expected softening point before the specimens are
the cubes. See Fig. 1 of Test Method D61 for details.
poured.
5.5 Hooks—Two L-shape
...
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