ASTM D2319/D2319M-98(2008)e1
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Softening Point of Pitch (Cube-in-Air Method)
Standard Test Method for Softening Point of Pitch (Cube-in-Air Method)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Pitch does not go through a solid-liquid phase change when heated and therefore does not have a true melting point. As the temperature is raised, pitch softens and becomes less viscous. The softening point is arbitrarily defined and must be determined by a closely controlled method that must be carefully followed if test results are to be reproducible.
This test method is useful in determining the consistency of pitch as one element in establishing the uniformity of shipments and sources of supply.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the softening point above 80°C [176°F] of pitch. Test Method D 3104 gives comparable results.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
Relations
Buy Standard
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
´1
Designation: D2319/D2319M − 98(Reapproved 2008)
Standard Test Method for
Softening Point of Pitch (Cube-in-Air Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2319/D2319M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
´ NOTE—Formatted as a combined standard with a dual designation editorially in March 2009.
1. Scope is the mean of the temperatures at which the cubes sag
downwards a distance of 60 mm [2.4 in.].
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the soft-
ening point above 80°C [176°F] of pitch. Test Method D3104
4. Significance and Use
gives comparable results.
4.1 Pitch does not go through a solid-liquid phase change
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
when heated and therefore does not have a true melting point.
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
As the temperature is raised, pitch softens and becomes less
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
viscous. The softening point is arbitrarily defined and must be
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
determined by a closely controlled method that must be
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
carefully followed if test results are to be reproducible.
with the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the 4.2 This test method is useful in determining the consis-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the tency of pitch as one element in establishing the uniformity of
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- shipments and sources of supply.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. 5. Apparatus
5.1 AirOven—The oven shall be cylindrical, 150 mm [6 in.]
2. Referenced Documents
in inside diameter by 155 mm [6.2 in.] in height. It shall have
2.1 ASTM Standards:
two 75 mm [3-in.] diameter windows of mica, centered
D61 Test Method for Softening Point of Pitches (Cube-in-
vertically on opposite sides, and shall be fitted with a cover
Water Method) (Withdrawn 0)
having a central opening 25 mm [1 in.] in diameter to hold a
D3104 Test Method for Softening Point of Pitches (Mettler
thermometer,andaconcentricringsuspendedbelowtosupport
Softening Point Method) (Withdrawn 0)
the hooks with attached specimens. The ring shall be made of
D4296 Practice for Sampling Pitch (Withdrawn 0) 1 1
6mm[ ⁄4-in.] brass, shall be 54 mm [2 ⁄8 in.] in outside
E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
diameter, and shall be centrally suspended 30 mm [1.2 in.]
(Withdrawn 0)
below the cover. The cover shall have two 3 mm [0.12-in.]
holes on a diagonal 50 mm [2 in.] from the center. On the
3. Summary of Test Method
bottom of the oven, an inner pan 140 mm [5.6 in.] in diameter
shall rest on three brass legs 5 mm [0.2 in.] in height fastened
3.1 Two cubes of pitch, supported on wire hooks, are heated
to the bottom of the pan to provide an air space between the
in a standardized air oven at a linear rate. The softening point
pan and the bottom of the oven. The side wall, cover, and pan
shall be made of 0.7 mm [0.028 in.] thick or 22-gauge (BWG)
copper sheet, and the bottom of 0.8 mm [0.032 in.] thick or
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
21-gauge copper.
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.05 on Properties of Fuels, Petroleum Coke and Carbon Material.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2008. Published March 2009. Originally
approved in 1964. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D2319–98(2003).
DOI: 10.1520/D2319_D2319M-98R08E01. The sole source of supply of the softening point apparatus items, obtainable as
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or a unit on special order, known to the committee at this time is Humboldt
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Manufacturing Co., 7302 W. Agatite Ave., Chicago, IL 60656. If you are aware of
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM International
the ASTM website. Headquarters.Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the
3 1
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on responsible technical committee, which you may attend. All other apparatus items
www.astm.org. described may be obtained from any regular laboratory equipment supply house.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
´1
D2319/D2319M − 98 (2008)
5.2 Tripod for Use with Gas Burner—The tripod ring shall avolumeofnotlessthan50mL,untilitisabouthalffull.Place
be approximately 125 mm [5 in.] in inside diameter so that the the container on a hot plate, or in an oven or bath. Do not use
oven is supported only on its outer edges. It shall be 200 mm an open flame for melting pitch.After melting is complete, stir
[8 in.] in height. thoroughly but gently with the thermometer or glass rod,
avoiding the incorporation of air bubbles. The maximum
5.3 Shield for Oven:
temperature shall not exceed the expected softening point by
5.3.1 For Use with Electric Heater—The shield shall be
more than 50°C [90°F]. Any foam that may form must be
cylindrical, 216 mm or [8.64 in.] in inside diameter by 181 mm
skimmed off the surface.
or [7 ⁄4 in.] in height. It shall have two 76 mm or [3-in.]
diameter mica windows on opposite sides, positioned to 8.2 Coat the inner surfaces and core pins of the mold lightly
coincidewiththewindowsoftheovenwhenbothareplacedon with silicone oil or silicone grease. Pour molten pitch into the
the electric heater. It shall be made of 0.7 mm [0.028 in.] thick cavities of the mold with the lip of the container close to the
or 22-gauge sheet metal, painted inside and out with aluminum surface to minimize entrainment of air bubbles. Underpouring
paint. past the blade of a spatula is helpful in this respect. Even small
bubbles markedly effect the weight of the cube and the
5.3.2 For Use with Gas Burner—The shield shall be iden-
tical with that described in 5.3.1 except that it shall be 375 mm observed softening point. Use an excess of pitch to allow for
[15 in.] in height and the windows shall coincide when the shrinkage on cooling. Cool in the mold until firm, and remove
shield is standing on the bench and the oven on the tripod the surplus by drawing the heated blade of a putty-knife or
1 1
described in 5.2. A door 115 by 115 mm [4 ⁄2 by 4 ⁄2 in]. shall spatula across the surface of the mold so that the cubes are
be provided at the bottom to give access to the burner. pressed into the cavities. Open the mold and remove th
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
An American National Standard
Designation:D2319–98 (Reapproved 2003) Designation: D 2319/D 2319M – 98
´1
(Reapproved 2008)
Standard Test Method for
Softening Point of Pitch (Cube-in-Air Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2319/D 2319M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
´ NOTE—Formatted as a combined standard with a dual designation editorially in March 2009.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the softening point above 176°F (80°C)80°C [176°F] of pitch. Test Method
D 3104 gives comparable results.
1.2The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D61 Test Method for Softening Point of Pitches (Cube-in-Water Method)
D 3104 Test Method for Softening Point of Pitches (Mettler Softening Point Method)
D 4296 Practice for Sampling Pitch
E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
3. Summary of Test Method
3.1 Two cubes of pitch, supported on wire hooks, are heated in a standardized air oven at a linear rate. The softening point is
the mean of the temperatures at which the cubes sag downwards a distance of 60 mm (2.4 in.). [2.4 in.].
4. Significance and Use
4.1 Pitch does not go through a solid-liquid phase change when heated and therefore does not have a true melting point.As the
temperature is raised, pitch softens and becomes less viscous. The softening point is arbitrarily defined and must be determined
by a closely controlled method that must be carefully followed if test results are to be reproducible.
4.2 This test method is useful in determining the consistency of pitch as one element in establishing the uniformity of shipments
and sources of supply.
5. Apparatus
5.1 Air Oven—The oven shall be cylindrical, 150 mm (6 in.)[6 in.] in inside diameter by 155 mm (6.2 in.)[6.2 in.] in height.
It shall have two 75 mm (3-in.)[3-in.] diameter windows of mica, centered vertically on opposite sides, and shall be fitted with
a cover having a central opening 25 mm (1 in.)[1 in.] in diameter to hold a thermometer, and a concentric ring suspended below
1 1
to support the hooks with attached specimens. The ring shall be made of 6 mm ([ ⁄4-in.)-in.] brass, shall be 54 mm (2[2 ⁄8 in.)in.]
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.05 on
Properties of Fuels, Petroleum Coke and Carbon Material.
Current edition approved Nov.Dec. 1, 2003.2008. Published November 2003.March 2009. Originally approved in 1964. Last previous edition approved in 19982003 as
D 2319–98(2003).
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. ForAnnualBookofASTMStandards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
The sole source of supply of the softening point apparatus items, obtainable as a unit on special order, known to the committee at this time is Humboldt Manufacturing
Co., 7302 W.AgatiteAve., Chicago, IL60656. If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information toASTM International Headquarters.Your comments
will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee, which you may attend.All other apparatus items described may be obtained from any
regular laboratory equipment supply house.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
´1
D 2319/D 2319M – 98 (2008)
in outside diameter, and shall be centrally suspended 30 mm (1.2 in.)[1.2 in.] below the cover. The cover shall have two 3 mm
(0.12-in.)[0.12-in.] holes on a diagonal 50 mm (2 in.)[2 in.] from the center. On the bottom of the oven, an inner pan 140 mm (5.6
in.)[5.6 in.] in diameter shall rest on three brass legs 5 mm (0.2 in.)[0.2 in.] in height fastened to the bottom of the pan to provide
an air space between the pan and the bottom of the oven. The side wall, cover, and pan shall be made of 0.7 mm (0.028 in.)[0.028
in.] thick or 22-gauge (BWG) copper sheet, and the bottom of 0.8 mm (0.032 in.)[0.032 in.] thick or 21-gauge copper.
5.2 Tripod for Use with Gas Burner— The tripod ring shall be approximately 125 mm (5 in.)[5 in.] in inside diameter so that
the oven is supported only on its outer edges. It shall be 200 mm (8 in.)[8 in.] in height.
5.3 Shield for Oven:
5.3.1 For Use with Electric Heater—The shield shall be cylindrical, 216 mm or (8.64 in.)[8.64 in.] in inside diameter by 181
mm or (7[7 ⁄4 in.)in.] in height. It shall have two 76 mm or (3-in.)[3-in.] diameter mica windows on opposite sides, positioned to
coincide with the windows of the oven when both are placed on the electric heater. It shall be made of 0.7 mm (0.028 in.)[0.028
in.] thick or 22-gauge sheet metal, painted inside and out with aluminum paint.
5.3.2 For Use with Gas Burner—The shield shall be identical with that described in 5.3.1 except that it shall be 375 mm (15
in.)[15 in.] in height and the windows shall coincide when the shield is standing on the bench and the oven on the tripod described
1 1
in 5.2. A door 115 by 115 mm (4[4 ⁄2 by 4 ⁄2 in).in]. shall be provided at the bottom to give access to the burner.
5.4 Mold—A mold suitable for forming two 12.7 mm ([ ⁄2-in.)-in.] cubes of pitch, having cylindrical core pins 12 gage
(2.05gauge [2.05 to 2.07 mm)mm] in diameter located in the base plate of the assembly to produce accurately centered suspension
holes in the cubes. See Fig. 1 of Test Method D 61 for details.
5.5 Hooks—Two L-shaped hooks made of 2.06 mm or 12-gauge copper wire. The foot of the hook shall be 25 mm (1 in.)[1
in.] in length and at a right angle to the upright portion for insertion into the central hole of the pitch cube. The upright portion
shall have a partial loop at the top to fit over the support ring, and shall be of the proper length, approximately 50 mm (2 in.),[2
in.], to position the foot on an imaginary line running horizontally through the center of the windows.
5.6 Thermometer—ASTM High-Softening Point Thermometer, having a range from 30 to 200°C (80[80 to 400°F),400°F], and
conforming to the requirements for Ther
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.