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ASTM C886-98(2005)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Scleroscope Hardness Testing of Carbon and Graphite Materials

Standard Test Method for Scleroscope Hardness Testing of Carbon and Graphite Materials

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The scleroscope is a rebound hardness tester with a scale divided into 140 equal parts. For carbon and graphite materials, there is no established correlation between the Scleroscope hardness scale and other hardness scales. The test is useful in the evaluation and the manufacturing control of carbon and graphite materials.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the apparatus and procedure for determining the hardness of carbon and graphite materials using the Model C-2 scleroscope² with the hammer calibrated for use on carbon and graphite materials with particles smaller than 0.8 mm (0.032 in.).³
1.2 The values given in acceptable metric units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information purposes only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Apr-2005
ICS
71.100.99 - Other products of the chemical industry
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.F0 - Manufactured Carbon and Graphite Products
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM C886-98 - Standard Test Method for Scleroscope Hardness Testing of Carbon and Graphite Materials
Effective Date
01-May-2005
Replaced By
ASTM C886-98(2010)e1 - Standard Test Method for Scleroscope Hardness Testing of Carbon and Graphite Materials
Effective Date
01-May-2010
Referred By
ASTM D7775-21 - Standard Guide for Measurements on Small Graphite Specimens
Effective Date
01-May-2005

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ASTM C886-98(2005) - Standard Test Method for Scleroscope Hardness Testing of Carbon and Graphite MaterialsASTM C886-98(2005) - Standard Test Method for Scleroscope Hardness Testing of Carbon and Graphite Materials
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ASTM C886-98(2005) - Standard Test Method for Scleroscope Hardness Testing of Carbon and Graphite Materials
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
An American National Standard
Designation:C886–98 (Reapproved 2005)
Standard Test Method for
Scleroscope Hardness Testing of Carbon and Graphite
1
Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C886; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope ANSI C 64.1 Brushes for Electrical Machines
1.1 This test method covers the apparatus and procedure for
3. Summary of Test Method
determining the hardness of carbon and graphite materials
2 3.1 The specimen is held in position, and the height of
using the Model C-2 scleroscope with the hammer calibrated
reboundofadiamond-tippedhammerisobservedandrecorded
for use on carbon and graphite materials with particles smaller
3 as the hardness number.
than 0.8 mm (0.032 in.).
1.2 The values given in acceptable metric units are to be
4. Significance and Use
regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are
4.1 Thescleroscopeisareboundhardnesstesterwithascale
provided for information purposes only.
dividedinto140equalparts.Forcarbonandgraphitematerials,
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
there is no established correlation between the Scleroscope
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
hardness scale and other hardness scales. The test is useful in
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
the evaluation and the manufacturing control of carbon and
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
graphite materials.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
5. Interferences
2. Referenced Documents
4 5.1 Lack of alignment of the instrument, as specified in
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Section 10, will cause low readings.
E171 Specification for Atmospheres for Conditioning and
5.2 The specimen must be held firmly in position and must
Testing Flexible Barrier Materials
have adequate support from the anvil on which the sample
E448 Practice for Scleroscope Hardness Testing of Metallic
rests. Neglect of alignment, positioning, or support will result
Materials
in low readings.
5
2.2 ANSI Standard:
5.3 Rough surface finish, above 3175-nm (125-µin.) AA,
may cause low readings.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
5.4 Indentationsthataresuperimposedorspacedtooclosely
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
1
together (approximately 3 mm ( ⁄8 in.)) will cause incorrect
D02.F0 on Manufactured Carbon and Graphite Products.
readings.
Current edition approved May 1, 2005. Published May 2005. Originally
approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as C886 – 98. DOI:
6. Apparatus
10.1520/C0886-98R05.
2
Registered trademark of the Shore Instrument and Manufacturing Co., Inc.,
6.1 Table, or equivalent, firm, for support.
80-A Commercial St., Freeport, NY 11520.
3
6.2 Scleroscope, Model C-2, equipped with a hammer
This test method may be more readily understood by referring to the following
documents: Practice E448,ANSI C 64.1, Brushes for Electrical Machines, available
calibrated by the manufacturer for use on carbon and graphite
fromAmerican National Standards Institute, 1430 Broadway, NewYork, NY10017,
materials.
andLysaghtandDeBellis,IndentationHardnessTesting,AmericanChainandCable
Corp., Reinhold Publishing Co., 1969.
7. Test Specimen
4
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
7.1 The specimen may be of any convenient size, but test
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
surfaces smaller than 5 by 5 mm (0.2 by 0.2 in.) are not
the ASTM website.
5 recommended.
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C886–98 (2005)
7.2 The recommended specimen shall have a minimum 10.7 Release the hammer and read the height of the re-
thickness of 5 mm (0.2 in.). bound.
7.3 The test surface shall not exceed 3175-nm (125-µin.) 10.8 Return the hammer to the “UP’’ (locked) position.
AA in surface finish. 10.9 Repeat 10.6 through 10.8 four or more times, using a
7.4 The test surface-to-opposite side parallelism shall be different impact point each time in accordance with 8.4.
within 1 % (0.010 % per linear inch). For all specimens, the 10.10 Record the average reading to the nearest whole
test surfaces must be maintained normal to th
...

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This test method details the standard procedures for determining the flexural strength of manufactured carbon and graphite articles using a simple beam in four-point loading at room temperature. The four-point loading fixture shall consist of spherical bearing blocks of hardened steel or its equivalent to ensure that forces applied to the beam are normal only and without eccentricity, and distortion of the loading member is prevented. Judicious use of linkages, rocker bearings, and flexure plates may maintain the parallel direction of loads and reactions. The test specimens shall be prepared to yield a parallelepiped with cross sections that are rectangular, faces that are parallel and flat, and edges that are free from visible flaws and chips.
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Standard Test Method for Flexural Strength of Manufactured Carbon and Graphite Articles Using Three-Point Loading at Room Temperature

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method provides a framework for material development, quality control, characterization, and design data generation purposes. The user needs to assess the applicability of the method on the specific material and for the intended use, as shown by the interlaboratory study.  
4.2 This test method determines the maximum loading on a graphite specimen with simple beam geometry in three–point bending, and it provides a means for the calculation of flexural strength at ambient temperature and environmental conditions.  
4.3 The flexure stress is computed based on simple beam theory with assumptions that the material is isotropic and homogeneous, the moduli of elasticity in tension and compression are identical, and the material is linearly elastic. For materials with large grains, the minimum specimen dimension should be significantly larger than the maximum grain size (see Guide D7775).  
4.4 Flexural strength of a group of test specimens is influenced by several parameters associated with the test procedure. Such factors include the loading rate, test environment, specimen size, specimen preparation, and test fixtures. Specimen sizes and fixtures should be chosen to reduce errors due to material variability or testing parameters, such as friction and non-parallelism of specimen surfaces.  
4.5 The flexural strength of a manufactured graphite or carbon material is dependent on both its inherent resistance to fracture and the size and severity of flaws. Variations in these cause a natural scatter in test results for a sample of test specimens. Fractographic analysis of fracture surfaces, although beyond the scope of this standard, is highly recommended for all purposes, especially if the data will be used for design as discussed in Practices C1239 and C1322.  
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