ASTM D3605-16
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Trace Metals in Gas Turbine Fuels by Atomic Absorption and Flame Emission Spectroscopy
Standard Test Method for Trace Metals in Gas Turbine Fuels by Atomic Absorption and Flame Emission Spectroscopy
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Knowledge of the presence of trace metals in gas turbine fuels enables the user to predict performance and, when necessary, to take appropriate action to prevent corrosion.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of sodium, lead, calcium, and vanadium in Specification D2880 Grade Nos. 0-GT through 4-GT fuels at 0.5 mg/kg level for each of the elements. This test method is intended for the determination of oil-soluble metals and not waterborne contaminants in oil-water mixtures.
1.1.1 Test Method D6728 is suggested as an alternative test method for the determination of these elements in Specification D2880.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
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Designation: D3605 − 16
Standard Test Method for
Trace Metals in Gas Turbine Fuels by Atomic Absorption
1
and Flame Emission Spectroscopy
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3605; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* obviate problems encountered with the direct analysis of
typical gas turbine fuels that exhibit significant variations in
1.1 This test method covers the determination of sodium,
physical properties. Different, but known, amounts of analyte
lead, calcium, and vanadium in Specification D2880 Grade
are added to two portions of sample. These, together with the
Nos. 0-GT through 4-GT fuels at 0.5 mg⁄kg level for each of
unaltered sample, are burned in the flame of an atomic
the elements. This test method is intended for the determina-
absorption instrument that measures light absorption by the
tion of oil-soluble metals and not waterborne contaminants in
atomized metals. The analysis of the sample portions with
oil-water mixtures.
addedanalyteprovidesthecalibrationinformationnecessaryto
1.1.1 Test Method D6728 is suggested as an alternative test
calculate the analyte content of the unaltered sample.
methodforthedeterminationoftheseelementsinSpecification
D2880. 3.2 Lead is determined by atomic absorption in a premixed
air-acetylene flame, and sodium is determined by atomic
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
absorption or atomic emission in a premixed air-acetylene
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
flame. Calcium and vanadium are determined by atomic
standard.
absorption or atomic emission in a premixed nitrous oxide-
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
acetylene flame.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.3 Most experience with this test method has been in the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
atomic absorption mode, although flame emission has been
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
used successfully. Details in the subsequent sections are
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
written for the atomic absorption mode. If the flame emission
2. Referenced Documents
mode is used, minor details in the subsequent sections must be
2
altered to conform to standard practice for flame emission
2.1 ASTM Standards:
spectroscopy. The precision statement applies only to the
D2880 Specification for Gas Turbine Fuel Oils
atomic absorption mode.
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
Petroleum Products
NOTE 1—Some GT fuel users may wish to determine potassium in
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
addition to other metals included in this method. Potassium can be
determined in a manner similar to that for sodium using a potassium
Petroleum Products
hollow cathode lamp, (unless flame emission mode is used) a wavelength
D6728 Test Method for Determination of Contaminants in
of 766.4 mm, and an appropriate organo-potassium standard. Precision
Gas Turbine and Diesel Engine Fuel by Rotating Disc
data for potassium have not been determined.
Electrode Atomic Emission Spectrometry
4. Significance and Use
3. Summary of Test Method
4.1 Knowledgeofthepresenceoftracemetalsingasturbine
3.1 The samples are prepared to conform with the require-
fuels enables the user to predict performance and, when
ments of the method of standard additions, which is selected to
necessary, to take appropriate action to prevent corrosion.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
5. Apparatus
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricantsand is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D02.03 on Elemental Analysis.
5.1 Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer, capable of mea-
Current edition approved July 1, 2016. Published July 2016. Originally approved
suring radiation over the wavelength range from 280 nm to
in 1977. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D3605 – 00 (2011). DOI:
10.1520/D3605-16.
600 nm. The instrument must be capable of measuring low-
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
level signals (approximately 1 % absorption or 0.004 absor-
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
bance unit per milligram per litre vanadium). The instrument
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. should also be equipped as follows.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocke
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D3605 − 00 (Reapproved 2011) D3605 − 16
Standard Test Method for
Trace Metals in Gas Turbine Fuels by Atomic Absorption
1
and Flame Emission Spectroscopy
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3605; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the determination of sodium, lead, calcium, and vanadium in Specification D2880 Grade Nos. 1-GT
and 2-GT fuels in the0-GT through 4-GT fuels at 0.5 mg range from 0.1 to 2.0 mg/L.⁄kg level for each of the elements. This test
method is intended for the determination of oil-soluble metals and not waterborne contaminants in oil-water mixtures.
1.1.1 Test Method D6728 is suggested as an alternative test method for the determination of these elements in Specification
D2880.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D2880 Specification for Gas Turbine Fuel Oils
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D6728 Test Method for Determination of Contaminants in Gas Turbine and Diesel Engine Fuel by Rotating Disc Electrode
Atomic Emission Spectrometry
3. Summary of Test Method
3.1 The samples are prepared to conform with the requirements of the method of standard additions, which is selected to obviate
problems encountered with the direct analysis of typical gas turbine fuels that exhibit significant variations in physical properties.
Different, but known, amounts of analyte are added to two portions of sample. These, together with the unaltered sample, are
burned in the flame of an atomic absorption instrument that measures light absorption by the atomized metals. The analysis of the
sample portions with added analyte provides the calibration information necessary to calculate the analyte content of the unaltered
sample.
3.2 Lead is determined by atomic absorption in a premixed air-acetylene flame, and sodium is determined by atomic absorption
or atomic emission in a premixed air-acetylene flame. Calcium and vanadium are determined by atomic absorption or atomic
emission in a premixed nitrous oxide-acetylene flame.
3.3 Most experience with this test method has been in the atomic absorption mode, although flame emission has been used
successfully. Details in the subsequent sections are written for the atomic absorption mode. If the flame emission mode is used,
minor details in the subsequent sections must be altered to conform to standard practice for flame emission spectroscopy. The
precision statement applies only to the atomic absorption mode.
NOTE 1—Some GT fuel users may wish to determine potassium in addition to other metals included in this method. Potassium can be determined in
a manner similar to that for sodium using a potassium hollow cathode lamp, (unless flame emission mode is used) a wavelength of 766.4 mm, 766.4 mm,
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricantsand is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D02.03 on Elemental Analysis.
Current edition approved May 1, 2011July 1, 2016. Published May 2011July 2016. Originally approved in 1977. Last previous edition approved in 20052011 as D3605 – 00
(2011). (2005). DOI: 10.1520/D3605-00R11.10.1520/D3605-16.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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D3605 − 16
and an appropriate organo-potassium standard. Precision data for potassium have not bee
...
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