ASTM D2047-17
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Static Coefficient of Friction of Polish-Coated Flooring Surfaces as Measured by the James Machine
Standard Test Method for Static Coefficient of Friction of Polish-Coated Flooring Surfaces as Measured by the James Machine
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Test Method D2047 establishes a compliance criterion relating static coefficient of friction measurements of flooring surfaces with human locomotion safety. The compliance criterion is based on extensive experiential data from residential, commercial, industrial and institutional walkway surfaces since 1942.
4.2 Polishes and other floor maintenance coatings having a static coefficient of friction of not less than 0.5, as measured by this test method, have been recognized as providing nonhazardous walkways.
Note 1: The value of 0.5 meets the requirements for compliance with Rule 5 on “The use of terms slip retardant, slip resistant, or terms of similar import,” of the Proposed Trade Practice Rules for the Floor Wax and Floor Polish Industry as issued by the Federal Trade Commission on March 17, 1953.
4.3 The 0.5 static coefficient of friction compliance criterion of this test method is only appropriate for polish-coated surfaces tested in accordance with this machine and test method. The use of this compliance criterion with other test methods, other test instruments, and other surfaces is improper, because they are not a part of the body of experiential data upon which the conformance criterion is based.
Note 2: The conformance criteria of this test method may be valid for other surfaces and surface coatings tested by this test method, but this has not been substantiated by correlation with experiential data.
SCOPE
1.1 This laboratory test method covers the use of the James Machine for the measurement of the static coefficient of friction of polish-coated flooring surfaces with respect to human locomotion safety. Further, this test method also establishes a compliance criterion to meet the requirement for a nonhazardous polished walkway surface. The test method is not intended for use on “wet” surfaces or on surfaces wherein the texture, projections, profile or clearance between the sculptured pattern of the surface does not permit adequate contact between the machine foot and the test surface.
1.2 This test method is the only method appropriate for testing polishes for specification compliance with the floor polish static coefficient of friction criterion.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D2047 − 17
Standard Test Method for
Static Coefficient of Friction of Polish-Coated Flooring
1
Surfaces as Measured by the James Machine
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2047; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope C1028 TestMethodforDeterminingtheStaticCoefficientof
Friction of Ceramic Tile and Other Like Surfaces by the
1.1 This laboratory test method covers the use of the James
Horizontal Dynamometer Pull-Meter Method (Withdrawn
Machine for the measurement of the static coefficient of
3
2014)
friction of polish-coated flooring surfaces with respect to
D1436 Test Methods for Application of Emulsion Floor
human locomotion safety. Further, this test method also estab-
Polishes to Substrates for Testing Purposes
lishes a compliance criterion to meet the requirement for a
D1630 Test Method for Rubber Property—Abrasion Resis-
nonhazardous polished walkway surface. The test method is
tance (Footwear Abrader)
not intended for use on “wet” surfaces or on surfaces wherein
D2825 Terminology Relating to Polishes and Related Mate-
the texture, projections, profile or clearance between the
rials
sculptured pattern of the surface does not permit adequate
D4103 Practice for Preparation of Substrate Surfaces for
contact between the machine foot and the test surface.
Coefficient of Friction Testing
1.2 This test method is the only method appropriate for
D6205 Practice for Calibration of the James Static Coeffi-
testing polishes for specification compliance with the floor
cient of Friction Machine
polish static coefficient of friction criterion.
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
Determine Conformance with Specifications
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical E456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
2.2 Federal Specification:
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
and are not considered standard. KK-L-165C Leather, Cattlehide, Vegetable Tanned and
4
Chrome Retanned, Impregnated, and Soles. Type 1–Fac-
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
tory (for Shoe Making), Class 6–Strips
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3. Terminology
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
3.1 Definitions—See also Teminologies D1436 and D2825.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.1.1 friction, n—the resistance to relative motion devel-
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
oped between two solid contacting bodies at, and parallel to,
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
the sliding plane.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
3.1.2 coeffıcient of friction, n—the ratio of the horizontal
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
(shear) component of force required to overcome friction, to
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
the vertical (normal) component of force applied.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
3.1.3 static coeffıcient of friction, n—the ratio of the hori-
2. Referenced Documents
zontal component of force applied to a body that just over-
2
comes the friction or resistance to sliding, to the vertical
2.1 ASTM Standards:
component of force applied.
3.1.4 dynamic coeffıcient of friction, n—the ratio of the
1
horizontal component of force required to cause a body to
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD21onPolishes
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D21.06 on Slip Resistance.
continue to slide at a constant velocity, to the vertical compo-
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2017. Published March 2018. Originally
nent of force applied.
approved in 1964 as D2047–64T. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as
D2047 – 11. DOI: 10.1520/D2047-17.
2 3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM www.astm.org.
4
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on AvailablefromStandardizationDocumentsOrderDesk,Bldg.4SectionD,700
the ASTM website. Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.
Copyright © ASTM Interna
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D2047 − 11 D2047 − 17
Standard Test Method for
Static Coefficient of Friction of Polish-Coated Flooring
1
Surfaces as Measured by the James Machine
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2047; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This laboratory test method covers the use of the James Machine for the measurement of the static coefficient of friction
of polish-coated flooring surfaces with respect to human locomotion safety. Further, this test method also establishes a compliance
criterion to meet the requirement for a nonhazardous polished walkway surface. The test method is not intended for use on “wet”
surfaces or on surfaces wherein the texture, projections, profile or clearance between the sculptured pattern of the surface does not
permit adequate contact between the machine foot and the test surface.
1.2 This test method is the only method appropriate for testing polishes for specification compliance with the floor polish static
coefficient of friction criterion.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems,concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and
determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C1028 Test Method for Determining the Static Coefficient of Friction of Ceramic Tile and Other Like Surfaces by the Horizontal
3
Dynamometer Pull-Meter Method (Withdrawn 2014)
D1436 Test Methods for Application of Emulsion Floor Polishes to Substrates for Testing Purposes
D1630 Test Method for Rubber Property—Abrasion Resistance (Footwear Abrader)
D2825 Terminology Relating to Polishes and Related Materials
D4103 Practice for Preparation of Substrate Surfaces for Coefficient of Friction Testing
D6205 Practice for Calibration of the James Static Coefficient of Friction Machine
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications
E456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
2.2 Federal Specification:
4
KK-L-165C Leather, Cattlehide, Vegetable Tanned and Chrome Retanned, Impregnated, and Soles. Type 1–Factory (for Shoe
Making), Class 6–Strips
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—See also Teminologies D1436 and D2825.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D21 on Polishes and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D21.06 on Slip Resistance.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2011Nov. 1, 2017. Published November 2011March 2018. Originally approved in 1964 as D2047–64T. Last previous edition approved
in 20042011 as D2047 – 04.D2047 – 11. DOI: 10.1520/D2047-11.10.1520/D2047-17.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
4
Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D2047 − 17
3.1.1 friction, n—the resistance to relative motion developed between two solid contacting bodies at, and parallel to, the sliding
plane.
3.1.2 coeffıcient of friction, n—the ratio of the horizontal (shear) component of force required to overcome friction, to the
vertical (normal) component of force applied.
3.1.3 static coeffıcient of fricti
...
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