ASTM D1436-17
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Application of Emulsion Floor Polishes to Substrates for Testing Purposes
Standard Test Methods for Application of Emulsion Floor Polishes to Substrates for Testing Purposes
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
2.1 All five of the test methods described will produce polish films from emulsion floor polishes which can be used for various performance tests. The choice of test method is left up to the individual laboratory.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for application of emulsion floor polish films to suitable substrates for testing purposes. Five test methods are covered, as outlined in Section 3.
1.2 These procedures are limited to use on flat, rigid substrates mounted, if necessary, on a nonabsorbent backing.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D1436 − 17
Standard Test Methods for
Application of Emulsion Floor Polishes to Substrates for
1
Testing Purposes
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1436; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope the thickness of the deposited films. Therefore, several alter-
native methods have been developed. Unless otherwise
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for application of
specified, the choice of method of application and substrate
emulsion floor polish films to suitable substrates for testing
shall be mutually agreed upon by the purchaser and the seller.
purposes. Five test methods are covered, as outlined in Section
The characteristics of the five methods are as follows:
3.
3.1.1 Method A. Automatic Dip Coater—This method pro-
1.2 These procedures are limited to use on flat, rigid
duces thin films of excellent uniformity on the first coat with
substrates mounted, if necessary, on a nonabsorbent backing.
substrates of low or moderate porosity. Two- or three-coat
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
applications may produce partial solubility of the earlier coats
standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for
with consequent loss of uniformity.
information only.
3.1.2 Method B. Hand Applicator—This method simulates
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
use conditions and produces thin films of satisfactory unifor-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
mity for many test purposes where the area of the test panel is
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
small(304.8by304.8mm(12by12in.)orsmaller).Withlarge
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
panels, considerable local nonuniformity of film thickness may
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
result.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
3.1.3 Method C. Manual Dip Method—This method results
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
in wedge-shaped films, of moderate thickness, that are thicker
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
at the bottom than at the top of the panel. This method is rapid
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
and results in reproducible films in the center of the test panel
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
which are useful for comparison tests and for tests involving
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
the surface properties of the wax film.
3.1.4 Method D. Blade Applicator—This method merely
2. Significance and Use
spreads a known volume of emulsion over a known surface
2.1 All five of the test methods described will produce
area. The uniformity of the resulting film depends on the
polishfilmsfromemulsionfloorpolisheswhichcanbeusedfor
flatness of the substrate, the surface tension of the emulsion,
various performance tests. The choice of test method is left up
and the interfacial tension between the emulsion and the
to the individual laboratory.
substrate. The method is satisfactory for producing thick to
3. Choice of Test Method moderately thin films. Some practice and familiarity with the
method are necessary to produce uniform thin films.
3.1 Under actual use conditions, the thickness of the dried
3.1.5 MethodE.PourSurface—This method covers pouring
film deposited from water emulsion floor polishes ranges from
a small amount of polish over a tile held at a 45° angle and
0.03 mil to 0.4 mil. No one laboratory method has been found
allowing it to flow uniformly down the tile and coating it.After
that will produce uniformly thick films throughout this range
the polish is poured and the bottom bead forms, it is wiped off
on all substrates. In many cases, the surface roughness and
and allowed to dry. The method is satisfactory for producing
porosity of the substrate is of the same order of magnitude as
thick films for slip resistance testing.
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D21 on
4. Standard Conditions
Polishes and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D21.04 on Performance
Tests.
4.1 The materials and apparatus shall be permitted to come
Current edition approved March 1, 2017. Published April 2017. Originally
to equilibrium in an atmosphere having a relative humidity of
approved in 1956. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as D1436 – 97(2015).
DOI: 10.1520/D1436-17. 50 6 4 % and
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D1436 − 97 (Reapproved 2015) D1436 − 17
Standard Test Methods for
Application of Emulsion Floor Polishes to Substrates for
1
Testing Purposes
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1436; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for application of emulsion floor polish films to suitable substrates for testing purposes.
Five test methods are covered, as outlined in Section 3.
1.2 These procedures are limited to use on flat, rigid substrates mounted, if necessary, on a nonabsorbent backing.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information
only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Significance and Use
2.1 All five of the test methods described will produce polish films from emulsion floor polishes which can be used for various
performance tests. The choice of test method is left up to the individual laboratory.
3. Choice of Test Method
3.1 Under actual use conditions, the thickness of the dried film deposited from water emulsion floor polishes ranges from 0.03
mil to 0.4 mil. No one laboratory method has been found that will produce uniformly thick films throughout this range on all
substrates. In many cases, the surface roughness and porosity of the substrate is of the same order of magnitude as the thickness
of the deposited films. Therefore, several alternative methods have been developed. Unless otherwise specified, the choice of
method of application and substrate shall be mutually agreed upon by the purchaser and the seller. The characteristics of the five
methods are as follows:
3.1.1 Method A. Automatic Dip Coater—This method produces thin films of excellent uniformity on the first coat with substrates
of low or moderate porosity. Two- or three-coat applications may produce partial solubility of the earlier coats with consequent
loss of uniformity.
3.1.2 Method B. Hand Applicator—This method simulates use conditions and produces thin films of satisfactory uniformity for
many test purposes where the area of the test panel is small (304.8 by 304.8 mm (12 by 12 in.) or smaller). With large panels,
considerable local nonuniformity of film thickness may result.
3.1.3 Method C. Manual Dip Method—This method results in wedge-shaped films, of moderate thickness, that are thicker at the
bottom than at the top of the panel. This method is rapid and results in reproducible films in the center of the test panel which are
useful for comparison tests and for tests involving the surface properties of the wax film.
3.1.4 Method D. Blade Applicator—This method merely spreads a known volume of emulsion over a known surface area. The
uniformity of the resulting film depends on the flatness of the substrate, the surface tension of the emulsion, and the interfacial
tension between the emulsion and the substrate. The method is satisfactory for producing thick to moderately thin films. Some
practice and familiarity with the method are necessary to produce uniform thin films.
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D21 on Polishes and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D21.04 on Performance Tests.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2015March 1, 2017. Published November 2015April 2017. Originally approved in 1956. Last previous edition approved in 20082015
as D1436 – 97(2008).(2015). DOI: 10.1520/D1436-97R15.10.1520/D1436-17.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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D1436 − 17
3.1.5 Method E. Pour Surface—This method covers pouring a small amount of polish over a tile held at
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