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ASTM D8294-21

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Estimating pH to Verify Status of Aqueous Samples

Standard Practice for Estimating pH to Verify Status of Aqueous Samples

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice is intended for use by samplers, technicians, or analysts to verify that samples are preserved or at the proper pH specified in analytical procedures.  
5.2 The pH is indicated within about 1 pH unit for wide-range paper and within 0.5 pH units for narrow-range paper.  
5.3 Unless stated otherwise in the test method, a wide-range paper estimating pH within 1 unit is suitable.  
5.4 A narrow-range pH paperstrip may be used for test methods with tighter pH requirements; however, accuracy better than ±0.5 pH units of the estimate should not be implied.  
5.5 Rapid pH tests allow users to make spot determinations directly without auxiliary equipment.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides information on verifying the pH of aqueous samples before analysis. This practice is not intended to be used for non-aqueous samples like oil or grease.  
1.2 This practice may also be used in adjusting pH of samples during various analytical steps.  
1.3 Wide-range pH papers/strips are used for a rapid indication of pH to within about 1 pH unit, and narrow-range pH papers/strips are used to indicate pH within about 0.5 pH units.  
1.4 In some instances, a universal liquid indicator may be used.  
1.5 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This practice offers a set of instructions for performing one or more specific operations. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this practice may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM International standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project’s many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
30-Sep-2021
ICS
13.060.01 - Water quality in general
Technical Committee
D19 - Water
Drafting Committee
D19.05 - Inorganic Constituents in Water
Current Stage
Ref Project

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ASTM D8294-21 - Standard Practice for Estimating pH to Verify Status of Aqueous SamplesASTM D8294-21 - Standard Practice for Estimating pH to Verify Status of Aqueous Samples
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ASTM D8294-21 - Standard Practice for Estimating pH to Verify Status of Aqueous Samples
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D8294 − 21
Standard Practice for
1
Estimating pH to Verify Status of Aqueous Samples
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8294; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 This practice provides information on verifying the pH 2.1 ASTM Standards:
of aqueous samples before analysis. This practice is not D1293 Test Methods for pH of Water
intended to be used for non-aqueous samples like oil or grease.
3. Terminology
1.2 This practice may also be used in adjusting pH of
3.1 Definitions:
samples during various analytical steps.
3.1.1 pH paper, n—piecesofpaperusuallysuppliedassmall
1.3 Wide-range pH papers/strips are used for a rapid indi-
rolls that change color depending on the pH.
cation of pH to within about 1 pH unit, and narrow-range pH
3.1.1.1 Discussion—pH paper is an inexpensive, robust, and
papers/strips are used to indicate pH within about 0.5 pH units.
relatively accurate way of estimating the pH of an aqueous
1.4 In some instances, a universal liquid indicator may be
liquid. A strip of filter paper is soaked with different pH
used.
indicators, or a mixture of indicators (universal indicator), and
allowed to dry. Touching solution to the paper or dipping the
1.5 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded
paper in an aliquot of solution causes the color of the indicator
as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
on the paper to change according to the pH. The color and
standard.
relativeintensityofthecoloriscomparedtoachartfromwhich
1.6 This practice offers a set of instructions for performing
pH is estimated. Using only one indicator per paper enables a
one or more specific operations. This document cannot replace
better estimate of a narrow pH range.
educationorexperienceandshouldbeusedinconjunctionwith
3.1.2 pH paper/strip, n—throughout this practice, the term
professional judgment. Not all aspects of this practice may be
is used as a reference to both, pH paper and pH strip.
applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM International
standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of 3.1.3 pH strips, n—strips of plastic with one or more
care by which the adequacy of a given professional service squares or rectangles of pH paper fastened to one end.
must be judged, nor should this document be applied without 3.1.3.1 Discussion—pH strips are more rugged than pH
consideration of a project’s many unique aspects. The word paper. They consist of one or more (usually up to four) small
“Standard” in the title means only that the document has been squares or rectangles of pH paper attached to one end that are
approved through the ASTM consensus process. dipped into an aliquot of the sample. In contrast to indicator
papers described in 3.1.1, pH strips typically have the indicator
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
chemically bound or fixed to the paper to prevent it from
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
leaching into the sample. However, products that contain
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
impregnated filter papers on test strips are also available and
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
these may release indicator into the sample. When necessary,
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
the type can be checked by putting a test strip “face down” on
1.8 This international standard was developed in accor-
absorbent paper. Each square features a different pH indicator
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
resulting in different colors and intensity in relation to the pH.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
The color and intensity of each square is compared to a chart
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
from which pH is estimated. The different indicators/colors of
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
each square provide users with greater confidence in their
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
estimation of the pH.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water and
2
is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.05 on Inorganic Constituents in For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Water. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of AST
...

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3.1.1 Estimating amount (volume) of oil in an area,  
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3.1.3 Evaluating a spill situation,  
3.1.4 Estimating volume for legal or prosecution purposes, such as for an illegal discharge, and  
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5.1 When significant quantities of inorganic or organic material are present in water samples (high suspended solids), microplastic particles/fibers can be masked and the ability to conduct reliable identification and quantification analyses of the plastic particles/fibers can be impeded.  
5.2 In order to quantify the occurrence of microplastic particles/fibers in wastewater influent (high suspended solids), the sampling procedure must be able to reliably collect samples at a constant flow over the desired 24-hour interval to reflect changes in diurnal flow. For wastewater influent the capture flow rate should be no less than 1 GPM over the 24-hour interval (approximately 1440 gal or 5450 L total) to minimize the problem with heterogeneity of the suspended solids and to reduce the standard error (the larger the sample size, the smaller the standard error).  
5.3 In order to quantify the occurrence of microplastic particles/fibers in all other water samples with a lower content of inorganic or organic material present addressed by this practice (low to medium suspended solids), a minimum volume of 1500 L (approximately 400 gal) should be filtered through the appropriate filters or sieves to minimize potential issues with heterogeneity of suspended solids and to reduce the standard error (the larger the sample size, the smaller the standard error).  
5.4 Microplastic particles/fibers retained on the sieves are suitable for characterization in terms of size, shape, quantity, and composition (polymer type), dependent upon the chosen analytical method.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides for the collection of water samples with high, medium, or low suspended solids to determine the presence, count, polymer type, and physical characteristics of microplastic particles and fibers. This collection practice has been validated for the collection of samples from drinking water, surface waters, wastewater influent and effluent (secondary and tertiary), and marine waters. This practice is not limited to these particular water matrices; however, the applicability of this practice to other aqueous matrices must be demonstrated.  
1.2 Water samples are passed through filters or sieves of adequate mesh size to enable capture of the smallest desired particle size. For waters with high or medium suspended solids content, a series of sieves with increasingly smaller mesh size should be used to prevent clogging and allow for the collection of desired particle size fractions.  
1.3 Subsequent sample preparation followed by analysis utilizing either Pyrolysis gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS), IR spectroscopy, or Raman spectroscopy may be used to identify the quantity (mass or number count) and composition (polymer type) of microplastic particles/fibers. The spectroscopic methods can provide a count of the number of particles and fibers present in a sample, and Py-GC/MS can provide the mass present in a sample. When desired, microplastic particle/fiber size, shape and surface characteristics can be ascertained with appropriate instruments such as a scanning electron microscope (SEM).  
1.4 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard except where standard U.S. equipment is specified in imperial units, for example, inches and gallons. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 Standard Practice—This practice offers a set of instructions for performing one or more specific operations. This practice cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this practice may be applicable in all circumstances. This practice is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this practice be applied without consideration of a project’s many unique aspects.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to addre...

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ASTM
ASTM D8333-20(Practice)
Standard Practice for Preparation of Water Samples with High, Medium, or Low Suspended Solids for Identification and Quantification of Microplastic Particles and Fibers Using Raman Spectroscopy, IR Spectroscopy, or Pyrolysis-GC/MS

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Large volumes of water are required to be sieved for accurate quantification of microplastics. Water with high to medium content of suspended solids can lead to an excess of inorganic and organic background material which can interfere with the ability to conduct reliable analyses. The presence of this background material can often impede the ability to accurately discern, distinguish and identify the number of microplastic particles in solution.  
5.2 The digestion described in this procedure allows for significant reduction of interfering substances and contaminants, rendering a sample suitable for particle and fiber characterization and identification using either Raman and IR spectroscopic analysis or for polymeric quantification and identification by Pyrolysis-GC/MS.  
5.3 For water samples with medium to low suspended solids, the oxidation and digestion steps necessary will be dependent upon the type and nature of interfering substances and contaminants and may be determined through simple trial efforts.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides for the sample preparation of collected water samples with high, medium, or low suspended solids to determine the presence, count, polymer type, and physical characteristics of microplastic particles and fibers. It has been designed for the preparation of samples collected from drinking water, surface waters, wastewater influent and effluent (secondary and tertiary), and marine waters using collection practice (Practice D8332). This practice is not limited to these particular water matrices; however, the applicability of this practice to other aqueous matrices must be demonstrated.  
1.2 This practice consists of a wet peroxide oxidation followed by progressive enzymatic digestion to the extent necessary to remove interfering organic constituents such as cellulose, lipids and chitin that are typically found in abundance in water matrices of samples with high to medium suspended solids such as wastewater influent. For water samples with low suspended solids, such as but not limited to drinking water and tertiary treated wastewater, the oxidation and digestion steps may not be necessary.  
1.3 Water samples prepared using this practice are suitable for analysis utilizing either Pyrolysis-GC/MS methods for qualitative identification and mass quantitation, or IR spectroscopy or Raman spectroscopy for identifying the quantity (number count) and composition (polymer type) of microplastic particles. If desired, microplastic particle size and shape may be ascertained with appropriate instruments such as a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and microscopy techniques.  
1.4 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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